Sustainable bioplastics based on shrimp chitin: mechanical characterization and biodegradability evaluation

Plastic pollution caused by synthetic polymers is a global concern demanding environmentally friendly alternatives. This study presents the development of a thermoformable bioplastic composed of shrimp-derived chitin, corn starch, sugarcane bagasse, glycerol, and acetic acid, integrated with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and maleic anhydride as a compatibilizer. The composite underwent mechanical, thermal, and biodegradability assessments. The formulation containing 5% chitin achieved a tensile strength of 0.833 MPa and a density of 2780 Kg/cm³, highlighting its mechanical viability. Under controlled composting conditions, degradation was observed in 120 days. Although the primary polymer matrix consists of petroleum-based PET, the term "bioplastic" is justified by the presence of renewable constituents and proven biodegradability, following the definition by European Bioplastics. This structure supports partial replacement of fossil-derived plastics while promoting sustainable waste management. The study underscores the potential of integrating agro-industrial residues into polymeric systems aimed at contributing to circular economy in material science.

Keywords:
bioplastic; biodegradability; chitin; extraction