Evaluation of graphene incorporation for mechanical properties of polypropylene composites

Harada, Júlio; Marcondes, Claudio Aparecido; Arquinto, Juliana; Pereira, Maria da Conceição Costa; Silva, Leonardo Gondim de Andrade e

doi:10.1590/0104-1428.20240016

Brazil

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Polímeros 34 (3) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.20240016 linkcopy

Evaluation of graphene incorporation for mechanical properties of polypropylene composites

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Graphene nanoparticles (GnP) were selected as an alternative reinforcing nanofillers, which enhances the mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP-homo and PP-block copolymer). It may play the role of compatibilizer in polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) from a double-screw extruder. The effect of GnP loading and the use of the PP-g-MA compatibilizer were studied. The influence on the mechanical properties of tensile strength, elongation at break, IZOD impact strength, and melting temperature in PP-homo and PP-block copolymer were investigated and compared. Their improvement was observed at to a certain amount of 0.3% (by mass) of GnP depending on the substrate nature: homopolymer or block copolymer. The increase from 69.3 J.m^-1 to 176.0 J.m^-1 corresponds to a 2.5 times rising in IZOD impact resistance for block copolymer. The PP block copolymer has a significant affinity in respect of the presence of graphene and the compatibilizer due to the elastomeric co-monomer present in the block copolymer.

Keywords:
graphene nanoparticles; polypropylene; homopolymer; block copolymer

PP-homopolymer + GnP (0.3% and 0.5%)
Material	Characterization
Material	Graphene (%)	Melt Temp (^oC)	Tensile (MPa)	Elongation (%)
PP Homo Pure	0	164.0 ± 0.5	34.7 ± 3.6	86.7 ± 3.6
PP Homo + GnP	0.3	165.0 ± 0.5	34.9 ± 1.0	77.1 ± 14.3
PP Homo + GnP	0.5	164.5 ± 0.5	34.4 ± 4.0	73.0 ± 8.2

PP-homopolymer + GnP (0.3% and 0.5%)
Material	Characterization
	Graphene (%)	Hardness Shore D	IZOD
	Graphene (%)	Hardness Shore D	W notch (J/m)	WO notch (J/m)
PP Homo Pure	0	71.0 ± 1.0	60.4 ± 7.7	NB*
PP Homo + GnP	0.3	71.0 ± 1.0	86.5 ± 3.9	NB*
PP Homo + GnP	0.5	72.0 ± 1.0	71.9 ± 3.2	NB^*

PP-block copolymer pure, and block copolymer plus GnP (0.3% and 0.5%).
Material	Characterization
Material	Graphene (%)	Melt Temp (^oC)	Tensile (MPa)	Elongation (%)
PP Copol Pure	0	168.0 ± 1.0	26.0 ± 0.9	42.1 ± 2.2
PP Copol + GnP	0.3	171.0 ± 1.0	28.0 ± 0.8	53.3 ± 2.9
PP Copol + GnP	0.5	172.0 ± 1.0	28.4 ± 0.7	42.9 ± 2.9

PP-block copolymer pure, and block copolymer plus GnP (0.3% and 0.5%).
Material	Characterization
	Graphene (%)	Hardness Shore D	IZOD test
	Graphene (%)	Hardness Shore D	W notch (J/m)	WO notch (J/m)
PP Copol Pure	0	67.0	69.3 ± 3.2	NB^*
PP Copol + GnP	0.3	67.0	176.0 ± 5.1	NB*
PP Copol + GnP	0.5	67.0	166.7 ± 5.3	NB*

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Associação Brasileira de Polímeros Rua São Paulo, 994, Caixa postal 490, São Carlos-SP, Tel./Fax: +55 16 3374-3949 - São Carlos - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revista@abpol.org.br

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[1] NB* - no break; W notch = with notch; WO notch = without notch