ABS/recycled PCTG blend compatibilized with ionomer: effect on impact resistance and morphology

Molari, Juliana Augusto; Brunelli, Deborah Dibbern

doi:10.1590/0104-1428.20210070

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Polímeros 31 (3) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.20210070 copy

ABS/recycled PCTG blend compatibilized with ionomer: effect on impact resistance and morphology

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The effect of adding ionomer as a compatibilizing agent in ABS/recycled PCTG blend was the objective of this study. Design of experiments using extreme vertices was used, to obtain a mathematical equation to predict the result of the impact resistance of blends, within a pre-established interval. The sample that obtained the highest impact resistance was the 79/20/1 (ABS/PCTG/Ionomer) and was analyzed by DSC and SEM. The results showed partial compatibility. Through the analysis of the fracture surface of the Charpy test specimen, it was verified that the PCTG, as a dispersed phase, presented itself in the form of fibers and the ionomer acted as an emulsifier. All results showed that it is possible to reuse PCTG industrial waste by mixing it with ABS and Ionomer as compatibilizing agent.

Keywords:
ABS; PCTG; ionomer; polymeric blend; compatibilization

Pseudocomponent			Components (% m/m)
X1	X2	X3	ABS	PCTG	IONOMER
1	0	0	79	20	1
0.88	0	0.12	73	20	7
0.18	0.82	0	39	60	1
0.06	0.82	0.12	33	60	7
0.94	0	0.06	76	20	4
0.59	0.41	0	59	40	1
0.12	0.82	0.06	36	60	4
0.47	0.41	0.12	53	40	7
0.77	0.20	0.03	68	30	3
0.70	0.20	0.09	65	30	6
0.36	0.61	0.03	48	50	3
0.30	0.61	0.09	45	50	6
0.53	0.41	0.06	56	40	4
0.53	0.41	0.06	56	40	4
0.53	0.41	0.06	56	40	4

ABS (%)	PCTG (%)	IONOMER (%)	Charpy Impact (J/m)
79	20	1	136 ± 8
73	20	7	91 ± 1
39	60	1	67 ± 17
33	60	7	51 ± 9
76	20	4	93 ± 1
59	40	1	51 ± 3
36	60	4	52 ± 10
53	40	7	38 ± 9
67	30	3	80 ± 14
64	30	6	56 ± 1
47	50	3	53 ± 3
44	50	6	36 ± 12
56	40	4	44 ± 12
56	40	4	50 ± 8
56	40	4	39 ± 13

Term (%)	Coef	SE Coef	p-value
ABS	136.0	6.46	-
PCTG	93.0	10.11	-
IONOMER	3,185.0	1,348.10	-
ABS*PCTG	-263.0	41.73	0.001
ABS*IONOMER	-3,915.0	1,548.01	0.045
PCTG*IONOMER	-3,918.0	1,567.44	0.047
(ABS)²PCTGIONOMER	3,315.0	1,465.30	0.064
ABS(PCTG)²IONOMER	3,370.0	1,582.85	0.077
ABSPCTG(IONOMER)²	-17,655.0	8,636.61	0.087

R²	97.41%
Adjusted R²	93.95%

Interaction	Effect	Statistical significance (p-value <0.05)
ABS	Positive	-
PCTG	Positive	-
Ionomer	Positive	-
ABS*PCTG	Negative	Significant
ABS*Ionomer	Negative	Significant
PCTG *Ionomer	Negative	Significant
(ABS)² PCTG Ionomer	Positive	Not Significant
ABS(PCTG)²Ionomer	Positive	Not Significant
ABSPCTG(Ionomer)²	Negative	Not Significant

ANOVA	DF	Seq SS	Adj SS	Adj MS	F	p-value
Regression	8	9,896.0	9,896.05	1,237.01	28.19	0
Linear	2	5,520.2	983.48	491.74	11.21	0.009
Quadratic	3	4,100.7	1,949.28	649.76	14.81	0.004
ABS*PCTG	1	4,020.3	1,740.36	1,740.36	39.67	0.001
ABS*IONOMER	1	23.3	280.69	280.69	6.40	0.045
PCTG*IONOMER	1	57.1	274.17	274.17	6.25	0.047
Spacial Cubic	3	275.2	275.15	91.72	2.09	0.203
(ABS)²PCTGIONOMER	1	68.9	224.52	224.52	5.12	0.064
ABS(PCTG)²IONOMER	1	22.9	198.94	198.94	4.53	0.077
ABSPCTG(IONOMER)²	1	183.3	183.34	183.34	4.18	0.087
Residual error	6	263.3	263.25	43.88	-	-
Lack of adjustment	4	205.3	205.26	51.32	1.77	0.392
Pure error	2	58.0	57.99	28.99	-	-
Total	14	10,159.3	-	-	-	-

Requirement	Charpy Impact
1) $\frac{A d j M S R e g r e s i o n}{A d j M S r e s i d u e} > F T a b$ (D.F. Regression; D.F. residue)	28.19 > 4.15	True
2) $\frac{A d j M S l a c k o f a d j u s t m e n t}{A d j M S p u r e e r r o r} < F T a b$ (D.F. lack of adjustment; D.F. pure error)	1.77 < 19.25	True
3) Residue plot with random pattern

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