Nanocellulose reinforced starch biocomposite films via tape-casting technique

Garuti, Giovana Ladislau; Freitas, Roberta Ranielle Matos de; Lima, Vitor Hugo de; Carmo, Karina Palmizani do; Pádua, Franciane Andrade de; Botaro, Vagner Roberto

doi:10.1590/0104-1428.20230084

Giovana Ladislau Garuti

conceptualization

data curation

formal analysis

investigation

methodology

visualization

writing original draft

writing review and editing

Laboratório de Materiais Poliméricos e Bioenergia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCAR, Soracaba, SP, Brasil

Roberta Ranielle Matos de Freitas ^* * roberta.ranielle@hotmail.com

conceptualization

investigation

methodology

project administration

visualization

writing original draft

writing review and editing

Laboratório de Materiais Poliméricos e Bioenergia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCAR, Soracaba, SP, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3740-9689

Vitor Hugo de Lima

conceptualization

investigation

methodology

visualization

writing original draft

writing review and editing

Laboratório de Materiais Poliméricos e Bioenergia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCAR, Soracaba, SP, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9865-2207

Karina Palmizani do Carmo

conceptualization

investigation

visualization

writing original draft

writing review and editing

Laboratório de Materiais Poliméricos, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto – UFOP, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9251-6543

Franciane Andrade de Pádua

conceptualization

funding acquisition

resources

visualization

writing original draft

writing review and editing

Laboratório de Materiais Poliméricos e Bioenergia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCAR, Soracaba, SP, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3349-8648

Vagner Roberto Botaro

conceptualization

funding acquisition

methodology

project administration

resources

supervision

validation

visualization

writing original draft

writing review and editing

Laboratório de Materiais Poliméricos e Bioenergia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCAR, Soracaba, SP, Brasil

Laboratório de Materiais Poliméricos, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto – UFOP, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3382-7747

* roberta.ranielle@hotmail.com

Samples	Water (g)	Corn Starch (g)	Cassava Starch (g)	Nanofibers Suspension (g) ^* * The suspension concentration is 4g CNF to 96g water.	Cellulose Nanofibers (g)	Glycerol (g)
f-CO	200	20	-	-	-	4
NCO-1	130	20	-	50	2.083	4
NCO-2	90	20	-	100	4.16	4
f-CA	200	-	20	-	-	4
NCA-1	130	-	20	50	2.083	4
NCA-2	90	-	20	100	4.16	4

Formulation	Thickness (µm)	Density (g/mm³)	Tensile test
Formulation	Thickness (µm)	Density (g/mm³)	T (MPa)	E (%)	Y (MPa)
f-CO	85.5 ± 4.1 ^a	1.52 ± 0.03 ^a	5.14 ± 1.73 ^a	24.81 ± 4.54 ^a	307.9 ± 187.8 ^a
NCO-1	81.1 ± 6.0 ^a	1.12 ± 0.09 ^a	13.68 ± 1.73 ^b	5.97 ± 2.29 ^b	860.4 ± 73.92 ^b
NCO-2	92.2 ± 7.4 ^a	1.25 ± 0.06 ^a	25.58 ± 3.05 ^c	2.76 ± 0.21 ^b	1728 ± 181.9 ^c
f-CA	71.1 ± 4.2 ^a	1.58 ± 0.14 ^a	16.19 ± 1.61 ^b	2.63 ± 0.81 ^b	1065 ± 155.8 ^b
NCA-1	86.6 ± 6.4 ^a	1.43 ± 0.19 ^a	4.94 ± 0.35 ^a	15.17 ± 3.27 ^c	309.3 ± 74.95 ^a
NCA-2	94.4 ± 6.4 ^a	1.33 ± 0.10 ^a	10.64 ± 0.6 ^b	2.40 ± 0.31 ^b	807.6 ± 22.59 ^b

Degree of transparency of films (%)
Wavelength (nm)	Color absorbed	f-CO	NCO-1	NCO-2	f-CA	NCA-1	NCA-2
400 to 450		39.35 to 40.43	22.91 to 24.02	14.66 to 15.38	50.01 to 51.02	18.79 to 19.56	12.46 to 13.08
450 to 480		40.43 to 40.80	24.02 to 24.20	15.38 to 15.31	51.02 to 51.36	19.56 to 19.49	13.08 to 12.89
480 to 495		40.80 to 41.07	24.20 to 24.53	15.31 to 15.58	51.36 to 51.60	19.49 to 19.76	12.89 to 13.21
495 to 570		41.07 to 42.29	24.53 to 25.64	15.58 to 16.20	51.60 to 53.04	19.76 to 20.50	13.21 to 13.66
570 to 590		42.29 to 42.66	25.64 to 25.98	16.20 to 16.43	53.04 to 53.28	20.50 to 20.71	13.66 to 13.90
590 to 620		42.66 to 43.30	25.98 to 26.56	16.43 to 16.87	53.28 to 54.01	20.71 to 21.18	13.90 to 14.33
620 to 700		43.30 to 45.19	26.56 to 28.05	16.87 to 17.76	54.01 to 56.10	21.18 to 22.23	14.33 to 15.13
Total variation in transparency		5.84	5.14	3.1	6.09	3.44	2.67

[1] * roberta.ranielle@hotmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

Nanocellulose reinforced starch biocomposite films via tape-casting technique

Abstract