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Polímeros, Volume: 31, Número: 1, Publicado: 2021
  • Prof. Adhemar is retiring from Polímeros Editorial

    Paoli, Marco Aurelio De
  • Accurate measurement of pitch-based carbon fiber electrical resistivity Short Communications

    Guimarães, Caroline Jovine Bouças; Aguiar, Alcino Palermo de; Castro, Alexandre Taschetto de

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract This study investigated the appropriate methodology required to measure single carbon fibers electrical resistivity. Two- and four-probe methods were evaluated for this measurement. Comparing results for single filaments of pitch-based and PAN-based fibers shows that the two-probe method gives acceptable results for PAN-based fibers, but much higher deviations from adjusted resistivity for pitch-based fibers (>15%). The four-probe method shows small deviations (<1%) for both precursors and is the most suitable for measurements of pitch-based carbon fibers. The four-probe method gives higher accuracy than the two-probe for all samples tested.
  • Experimental investigation on stacking sequence of Kevlar and natural fibres/epoxy polymer composites Original Article

    Banu, Murali; Madhavan, Vijaya Ramnath Bindu; Manickam, Dhanashekar; Devarajan, Chandramohan

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract This paper investigates the stacking sequence of combined natural and synthetic fibres reinforced epoxy composites for better mechanical properties. The hybrid composites fabricated using vacuum assisted compression molding process with the natural and synthetic fibres layered in three different sequences such as type I, type II and type III where the synthetic fibers were placed alternatively. The ultimate tensile strength of composite type III was increased by 12% and 30% when compared to composite type I and type II respectively. The flexural test results showed that composite type III have better flexural strength 223 MPa which is 13% and 11% greater than composite type I and type II respectively. Overall, it can be declared that the composite type III shows better tensile, and flexural properties i.e., the composite with aloe vera and palmyra palm fibres have better wettability with the matrix when compared to bamboo fibre.
  • 10-(pyren-1-yl)-10h-phenothiazine and pyrene as organic catalysts for photoinitiated ATRP of 4-vinylpyridine Original Article

    Nguyen, Loc Tan; Pham, Hung Quang; Nguyen, Duc Anh Song; Nguyen, Luan Thanh; Huynh, Ky Phuong Ha; Le Tran, Hai; Mai, Phong Thanh; Nguyen, Ha Tran; Nguyen, Le-Thu Thi; Truong, Thuy Thu

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract The UV light-mediated metal-free polymerizations of 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) have been successfully performed by using 10-(pyren-1-yl)-10H-phenothiazine (PPTh) and pyrene as photocatalysts. The preparation of narrow polydispersity poly (4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) with high conversions was enabled in both protic as well as unprotic reaction media at ambient temperature. Additionally, copolymerizations of 4VP with acrylate and methacrylate monomers were also demonstrated, affording metal-free copolymer products.
  • Tensile and structural properties of natural rubber vulcanizates with different mastication times Original Article

    Hayeemasae, Nabil; Soontaranon, Siriwat; Rasidi, Mohamad Syahmie Mohamad; Masa, Abdulhakim

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Mastication reduced the molecular weight of natural rubber (NR). This would affect the tensile properties and strain-induced crystallization of the rubber vulcanizates due to the structural changes of the rubber molecules. In this study, influences of mastication time on tensile response, deformation-induced crystallization, and structural effects of crosslinked NR were investigated. The crystallization behavior and structural changes during stretching were studied by means of wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Increased mastication time significantly affected modulus at specified strain and upturn point of strain-induced crystallization of the crosslinked samples while the tensile strength was influenced slightly by mastication. During stretching, degree of crystallinity at given strain was found to decrease with increasing mastication time, while the crystallite size was reduced. Moreover, the size of crosslinked network structures induced by crosslinking also decreased slightly with increasing mastication time, as suggested by SAXS measurement.
  • Polyaniline-based electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibers: preparation and characterization Original Article

    Cantalice, Juliana Donato de Almeida; Mazzini Júnior, Edu Grieco; Freitas, Johnnatan Duarte de; Silva, Rosanny Christinny da; Faez, Roselena; Costa, Ligia Maria Manzine; Ribeiro, Adriana Santos

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract This work provides a convenient strategy for preparation of conducting polycaprolactone (PCL)/polyaniline (PAni) nanofibers, useful for development of optoelectronic sensors and devices. PCL/PAni nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning technique and characterized by SEM, FTIR, thermal analysis, and DC electrical conductivity. The influence of the experimental conditions in the electrospinning process, such as the applied voltage, on the nanofiber morphology was discussed in detail. Incorporation of PAni into PCL nanofibers significantly increased the electrical conductivity from a non-detectable level for the neat PCL to 0.032 ± 0.022 S/cm for the nanofibers containing 7.5 wt.% PAni. Therefore, electrospun PCL/PAni nanofiber mats presented optical and electrical properties, that awaken the possibility of applications for these materials as acid-base sensors and electrochromic devices.
  • Cationic polymerization of styrene using iron-containing ionic liquid catalysts in an aqueous dispersed medium Original Article

    Dutra, Gabriel Victor Simões; Silvério Neto, Weslany; Araújo, Pedro Henrique Hermes de; Sayer, Claudia; Silveira Neto, Brenno Amaro da; Machado, Fabricio

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract This work aims to study the cationic miniemulsion polymerization of styrene catalyzed by iron-containing imidazolium-based ionic liquids. The polystyrenes had very high number-average molar mass around 1300 kg mol-1 at 85 °C, molar-mass dispersity close to 2.0 and glass transition temperature higher than 102 °C with average particle diameter that remained practically unchanged during the reaction, indicating that the monomer droplets correspond to the polymerization locus. First-order kinetics up to a limit conversion, along with the increase in molar mass as the temperature decreases, styrene polymerization at low temperatures and catalyst inability to polymerize monomers that react exclusively via free radical and/or anionic polymerization, indicate the cationic nature of polymerization. 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra suggested the formation of polystyrene, allowing for tacticity distribution quantification: 10% isotactic, 20% atactic and 70% syndiotactic configurations. TEM micrographs confirmed the formation of spherical polymer nanoparticles and the presence of catalysts in the polymer matrix.
  • New biodegradable composites from starch and fibers of the babassu coconut Original Article

    Moura, Carla Veronica Rodarte de; Sousa, Douglas da Cruz; Moura, Edmilson Miranda de; Araújo, Eugênio Celso Emérito de; Sittolin, Ilza Maria

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract This work aimed to obtain thermoplastic starch composites (TPS) derived from starch and fibers of babassu coconut. The (TPS) was prepared with 40% plasticizer (glycerol). The fibers underwent chemical treatment of alkalinization and bleaching. SEM images and infrared spectra showed that wax, lignin, and hemicellulose were removed from the fiber surface. SEM images of TPS starch showed a smooth and uniform surface, whereas images of the TPSWF composite (washed fiber) showed voids between the fiber and the TPS. This phenomenon was not observed in the SEM images of the composites TPSAF (alkalized fiber) and TPSBF (bleached fiber). The tensile strength and elastic modulus of the composites were higher than the pure TPS matrix. Concerning elongation, composites underwent less elongation than TPS. The mechanical properties found for the TPSWF and TPSAF composites do not differ. However, the mechanical properties of the TPSBF composite were better than the properties of the other composites.
  • The effects of residual organic solvent on epoxy: modeling of kinetic parameters by DSC and Borchardt-Daniels method Original Article

    Rodrigues, Victor de Carvalho; Hirayama, Denise; Ancelotti Junior, Antonio Carlos

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract The curing reactions of epoxy resins are a complex process that defines thermosets final properties and are affected by any additive present on its formulation. Considering this, the aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the solvent addition on the curing kinetics of an epoxy system. The epoxy samples were prepared using different percentages by weight of acetone: 0, 2, 5 and 10 wt.%. From DSC and DMA tests, followed by the Borchardt-Daniels kinetic analysis it was reported that the addition of acetone can decrease the reactions rate, activation energy, Tg and elastic modulus. The presence of solvent, even in small amounts, can affect the curing mechanisms of epoxy resins. The changes on the curing behavior and the low quality of the final properties for the sample with 10 wt.% of solvent indicates that this may be a limit for acetone addition on the epoxy formulations.
  • A foldable high transparent fluorinated polyimide (HFBAPP/6FDA) film material for transparent flexible substrate Original Article

    Cao, Chuanhao; Liu, Lizhu; Zhang, Xiaorui

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Flexible transparent substrate materials, which was able to withstand high dynamic strain, in contrast to traditional substrate materials. A flexible and transparent material with advantages including transparency, stable size, and excellent corrosion and electrical resistance was provided. The polyimide(PI) film was prepared by introducing a structure with a high content of F atom and a fine optimization process to enhance the various properties of the film. However, the properties of the films were optimized effectively by gradient vacuum and secondary dissolution so that the film had a transmittance at 400 nm of 82%. The films with low dielectric constant and low dielectric loss represent the breakdown strength of 202 kV/mm. The glass transition temperature of the film was 267 °C, and the thermal expansion coefficient was 35ppm/k (30 °C~270 °C), indicated outstanding thermal dimensional stability. Therefore, this polyimide film was an optoelectronic device with extremely high application potential on the folding mobile phone and the PI film is the finest materials of screen.
  • Potential of calcium carbonate as secondary filler in eggshell powder filled recycled polystyrene composites Original Article

    Hayeemasae, Nabil; Ismail, Hanafi

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Recycling of plastic waste is considered a key intention in regards to the continuous growth of plastic industry. In this work, new composite based on recycled polystyrene (R-PS) was prepared in the presence of eggshell powder (ESP). This was to make a value-added plastic material based on polystyrene. To further extend its performance, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was used as secondary filler to optimize its performance. It is observed that the stabilization torque of composites decreased with increasing the weight percent of CaCO3. Increasing the amount of CaCO3 has increased the mechanical properties such as Young’s modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break and impact strength of the composites. These findings corresponded well to SEM images. It revealed homogenous dispersions of CaCO3 throughout R-PS matrix in comparison to ESP alone which formed agglomerations in R-PS matrix. Further evidence on thermal stability has confirmed that CaCO3 provided better heat resistance over the ESP.
  • Induction of defense in apples by sulfated and deacetylated chichá gum Original Article

    Lima, Carlos Pinheiro Chagas de; Oster, Andréia Hansen; Cavalcanti, Fábio Rossi; Paula, Regina Célia Monteiro de; Feitosa, Judith Pessoa Andrade

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Elicitors activate the defense mechanism in plants to resist pathogens. Ulvans and glucuronans can act as elicitors, and their activity seems to be related to the sulfate groups, rhamnose and uronic acid monosaccharides. Chichá gum (CHG), which also contains rhamnose and uronic acid, was sulfated with chlorosulfonic acid/N,N-dimethylformamide and deacetylated with sodium hydroxide solution. The changes were confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Carbon-13 NMR revealed that sulfation occurred in galactose and rhamnose units. The apples were sprayed with water (negative control), deacetylated chichá gum (DCHG), and sulfated chichá gum (SCHG). The activity of enzymes guaiacol peroxidase and polyphenol oxidases and the lignin content were compared with those under the action of a commercial elicitor, benzothiadiazole. DCHG, and especially SCHG, increased the activity of the two enzymes. Only fruits treated with SCHG showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in lignin content. The plant exudate can be one abundant, renewable and safe source of elicitors.
  • Use of biodegradable polymer for development of environmental tracers: a bibliometric review Review Article

    Marques, Adriana; Luz, Sandra Maria da

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Qualitative and quantitative measuring in water bodies, nuclear medicine, agriculture, and world oil production use tracers to monitor, evaluate and continuously improve their processes. The bibliometric information about the past and the future of artificial tracers, to monitor surface and groundwater by using sustainable biodegradable materials it will be important for future generation. To fulfil this purpose, bibliometric literature analysis has been considered as a solution to identify research areas that need to be improved. The results of this paper showed that even with the increase in research in ​​biopolymers, and the use of artificial tracers, academic development is still not significant. The United States, China, and Germany are the top publishers in this field however, there is no country that constantly develops research in these areas concomitantly using biodegradable polymers. Because of that, this field could be further explored, globally using innovative techniques and materials for new tracers.
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