Between retention and the propensity to drop out: mapping profiles of Prouni students during the Covid-19 pandemicThis article analyzes the profiles of Prouni scholarship students who entered a community university in the interior of the state of São Paulo between 2018 and 2021, focusing on their subjective perception of propensity to drop out or postpone their studies in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on a survey administered to 219 students, a Multiple Correspondence Analysis was conducted, followed by a Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, in order to identify profiles according to sociodemographic, attitudinal, and academic characteristics. The analysis revealed three groups: (1) older pre-pandemic entrants; (2) pragmatic working students enrolled in evening courses; and (3) young women who entered during the pandemic. The results reinforce the need for retention policies that are sensitive to the diversity of profiles and inequalities faced by students in the private sector.
Keywords
higher education; Brazil; students; social aspects; scholarships; government policy; student assistance programs; Covid-19 pandemic; 2020
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Description: Multiple Correspondence Analysis graph. The horizontal axis is labeled “Instrumental Orientation X Vocational Orientation [32.9%]”, with values ranging from -1.0 to 1.5. The vertical axis is not labeled and has values ranging from -1.0 to 1.0. Two types of markers appear: black triangles (active categories) and green triangles (supplementary categories). On the left side, the following active categories are concentrated: idade_25+, sexo_masc, com_trabalho_renda, uniso_quali_rep, nao_des_adi, mot_curso_retornos, and aval_boa_otima. In green are the following supplementary categories: cansaco_sim; psicologicos_nao, pedagogicos_nao, curso_eng, and curso_comp_nat. On the right side, the following active categories are concentrated: licenciatura, sim_des_adi, mot_curso_vocacao, aval_reg_ruim, acesso_ru_pe, sem_trabalho_renda, and mat-int. In green are the following supplementary categories: alimentacao_sim, acesso_pla_sim, pedagogicos_sim, psicológicos_sim, curso_edu, curso_med_vet, and cansaco_nao.
Description: Multiple Correspondence Analysis graph. The vertical axis is labeled “Linear Trajectories x Interrupted Trajectories [17.2%]”, with values ranging from -1.0 to 1.0. The horizontal axis is not labeled and has values ranging from -1.0 to 1.5. Two types of markers appear: black triangles (active categories) and green triangles (supplementary categories). In the upper part, the following active categories are concentrated: idade_25+, cor_negra, pais_pouca_instrucao, acesso_reg, ing_antes_ens_rem, and sim_des_adi. In green are the following supplementary categories: alimentacao_sim; curso_edu, material_sim, financeiro_sim, and curso_saude [-med]. In the lower part, the following active categories are concentrated: idade_18_24, acesso_bo_ex, cor_branca_amarela, mot_curso_retornos, pais_ens_medio, vuln_evasao_nao, and ing_durante_ens_rem. In green are the following supplementary categories: curso_negocios, curso_comp_nat, and nenhuma_sim.
Description: cluster analysis graph. The horizontal axis is labeled “Instrumental Orientation X Vocational Orientation [32.9%]”, with values ranging from -1.0 to 1.5. The vertical axis is labeled “Linear Trajectories × Interrupted Trajectories [17.2%]”, with values ranging from -1.0 to 1.0. The upper left quadrant is named “Strategic Resilience”. The upper right quadrant is named “Vulnerable Vocation”. The lower left quadrant is named “Strategic Pragmatism”. The lower right quadrant is named “Supported Vocation”. Three groups are distributed across the quadrants according to the legend in the lower left corner: the pink/salmon group represents “Older pre-pandemic entrants”, predominant in the “Strategic Resilience” region. The green group represents “Pragmatic working students in evening programs”, predominant in “Strategic Pragmatism”. The blue group represents “Young women admitted during the pandemic”, divided between the “Vulnerable Vocation” and “Supported Vocation” quadrants.
Description: dendrogram with the vertical axis labeled “distance”, with values ranging from 0 to approximately 6. The horizontal axis shows the observations, with individual identifiers arranged compactly and difficult to read. The dendrogram displays three main clusters, differentiated by color. The left cluster is represented in blue, the central cluster is represented in yellow, and the right cluster is represented in gray.
Descrição: dendrograma com o eixo vertical rotulado como "distância", com valores entre 0 e aproximadamente 6. No eixo horizontal estão as observações, com identificadores individuais dispostos de forma compactada e de difícil leitura. O dendrograma exibe três agrupamentos principais, diferenciados por cores. O agrupamento da esquerda é representado pela cor azul, o agrupamento central é representado pela cor amarela e o agrupamento da direita é representado pela cor cinza.