Expert panel’s modification and concurrent validity of the Teacher Stress Inventory among selected secondary school teachers in Nigeria

Lasebikan, Victor O.

doi:10.1186/s41155-016-0047-3

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Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica

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Sumário

Psychological Assessment, RESEARCH • Psicol. Reflex. Crit. 29 • 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-016-0047-3 copy

Expert panel’s modification and concurrent validity of the Teacher Stress Inventory among selected secondary school teachers in Nigeria

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Background

The Teacher Stress Inventory (TSI) is an instrument used for assessing occupational stress among teachers but has not been adapted or validated for use in Nigeria.

Objective

This study aimed to modify and adapt the TSI for use in Nigeria and also assess its reliability and validity. An expert panel was constituted to modify the original version of the TSI. Thereafter, both the original and the modified versions were applied to 471 teachers from 15 schools in Oyo State, Nigeria.

Result

Of all the respondents, 227 (48.2 %) were men and 244 (51.8 %) were women. Mean age was 36.55 ± 8.80 years. Cronbach α for all items of the modified version was .943, and item mean score was 2.60 (1.86–3.56). Concurrent validity of the modified TSI demonstrated significant correlations p< 0.001 with the corresponding items of the original version. Test-retest reliability of the modified version was .988. There were significant inter-item correlations for all the items of the modified version of the TSI.

Conclusion

The modified version of the TSI is a valid and reliable instrument in the Nigerian population to assess teachers’ stress.

Teacher Stress Inventory; Validity; Reliability; Teachers; Nigeria

Question number	Original questions	Modified/deleted/added questions	Action	Reason
8	I rush in my speech.	I rush in my speech or find it difficult to communicate fluently in English when under pressure	Original question 8 modified	Not all teachers are fluent in English
14	There is too much administrative paperwork in my job	The school system has structural and functional problems	Original question 14 deleted, new question 14 added	Original question 10 should incorporate original question 14
16	I am not progressing on my job as rapidly as I would like.	I have frequent teacher-teacher or teacher- superior authority conflict e.g with the ministry or board of directors	Original question 16 deleted, new question 16 added	Original question 16 seems a duplication of original question 15
18	I receive an inadequate salary for the work I do	I receive an inadequate or late wages for the work I do	Original question 18 modified	Late payment of salary is very frequent within this population
46	I respond to stress by using over-the counter drugs	I respond to stress by using over-the counter drugs or prescription medication	Original questions 46 and 47 merged	This is because several over-the counter drugs are prescription medication within this population
47	I respond to stress by using prescription drugs	I respond to stress by using illegal drug	Original questions 47 modified	This is because of use of illegal drugs such as cannabis in time of stress

Variables	Number	Percent	Mean (SD)	Statistics	p
Age group
20–29	118	25.1	2.50 (0.72)	2.03F	0.11
30–39	138	29.3	2.71 (0.80)
40–49	178	37.8	2.59 (0.74)
50–59	37	7.8	2.68 (0.76)
Gender
Male	227	48.2	2.67 (0.72)	1.76t	0.08
Female	244	51.8	2.55 (0.79)	1.76t	0.08
Marital status
Ever married	299	63.5	2.65 (0.82)	2.04t	0.03
Never married	172	36.5	2.51 (0.64)	2.04t	0.03
Type of school
Public sector	309	65.6	2.51 (0.68)	−3.30t	0.001
Private sector	162	34.4	2.77 (0.87)	−3.30t	0.001
Class grade taught
Senior or junior only	386	82.0	2.46 (0.62)	−2.32t	0.02
Senior and junior combined	85	18.0	2.64 (0.78)	−2.32t	0.02
Subjects taught
Arts	183	38.9	2.47 (0.53)	27.7F	<0.001
Science	213	45.2	2.77 (0.78)
Commercial	75	15.9	2.18 (0.59)

	Number of Items	Original TSI Mean (SD)	Modified TSI Mean (SD)	R	p	Modified TSI Cronbach α	t	p
Stress factors
Time management	8	2.87 (0.84)	2.86 (0.83)	0.99	<0.001	0.78	2.88	0.004
Work-related stressors	6	2.69 (0.97)	2.68 (0.96)	0.99	<0.001	0.79	2.69	<0.001
Professional distress	5	3.19 (1.04)	3.19 (1.04)	1.0	<0.001	0.77	–	–
Discipline and motivation	6	2.70 (1.03)	2.69 (0.97)	0.98	<0.001	0.80	0.36	0.7
Professional investment	4	2.59 (1.09)	2.58 (1.04)	1.0	<0.001	0.76	3.25	0.001
Manifestation of stress
Emotional manifestations	5	2.39 (1.08)	2.44 (1.03)	0.95	<0.001	0.79	−3.67	<0.001
Fatigue manifestations	5	2.65 (1.02)	2.63 (1.01)	0.98	<0.001	0.78	4.93	<0.001
Cardiovascular manifestations	3	2.29 (1.18)	2.28 (1.17)	0.99	<0.001	0.79	3.02	0.003
Gastronomical manifestations	3	1.94 (1.12)	1.94 (1.13)	1.0	<0.001	0.82	–	–
Behavioral manifestations	4	2.03 (1.03)	1.97 (1.04)	0.98	<0.001	0.88	34.65	<0.001
Total	49	2.64 (0.78)	2.61 (0.96)	0.99	<0.001	0.94	4.52	<0.001

		TM	WRS	PD	DM	PI	EM	FA	CARD	GAST
WRS	R	.58
PD	R	.35	.42
DM	R	.44	.48	.40
PI	R	.42	.32	.40	.58
EM	R	.43	.48	.37	.65	.58
FA	R	.30	.35	.25	.41	.47	.63
CARD	R	.27	.20	.18	.36	.54	.43	.47
GAST	R	.34	.34	.18	.38	.44	.41	.48	.57
BE	R	.35	.37	.24	.41	.41	.46	.39	.58	.63

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[1] Correspondence: victorlash@yahoo.com