Abstract
Autism can be defined as a heterogeneous behavioral syndrome in both genetic and diagnostic terms. This heterogeneity poses difficulties in conducting genetic studies on the topic. A candidate endophenotype of autism is theory of mind. The goal of this study was to evaluate the ability of theory of mind in parents of children with autism. We evaluated 90 participants: 30 parents of children with autism, 30 parents of children with Down syndrome and 30 parents of typically developing children. The instruments used were the Eyes Test, to assess decoding skills, and the Unexpected Outcomes Task, to measure deductive reasoning. The results do not indicate significant differences between groups in theory of mind decoding. However, they indicate the existence of deficits in the theory of mind reasoning. These deficits seem to be more pronounced in mothers of children with autism, compared to groups of mothers of children with Down syndrome and mothers of typically developing children. Further studies are needed to better clarify the relationship between theory of mind and autism.
Theory of mind; autism; assessment; parents