Meditação breve e a interação entre interferência emocional e ansiedade

Este estudo piloto avaliou os efeitos de cinco dias de meditação focada na relação entre interferência emocional e ansiedade em amostra não clínica randomizada em dois grupos (experimental=13; controle=18). A interferência emocional foi indexada comparando os tempos de reação em uma tarefa de atenção com imagens distratoras negativas ou neutras. Também foi avaliado o autorrelato da ansiedade durante a tarefa. Apenas no grupo controle uma maior ansiedade interagiu com uma maior interferência emocional e uma pior avaliação de valência e alerta (arousal) das imagens emocionais. Esses achados preliminares sugerem que a meditação pode ajudar a modular o efeito da ansiedade no viés para estímulos negativos, e que mesmo um treino breve pode facilitar processos autorregulatórios.

Palavras-chave:
meditação; interferência emocional; ansiedade; processos autorregulatórios

Autoria

Carolina Baptista Menezes

Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaUniversidade Federal de Santa CatarinaBrazilBrazilUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina

Mirtes G. Pereira

Universidade Federal FluminenseUniversidade Federal FluminenseBrazilBrazilUniversidade Federal Fluminense

Izabela Mocaiber

Universidade Federal FluminenseUniversidade Federal FluminenseBrazilBrazilUniversidade Federal Fluminense

Lisiane Bizarro

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulBrazilBrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul

Endereço para correspondência: Psicologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Avenida Duque de Caxias, n. 250, Fragata, Pelotas, RS, Brasil. CEP: 96.030-001. E-mail: para menezescarolina@hotmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaUniversidade Federal de Santa CatarinaBrazilBrazilUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina

Universidade Federal FluminenseUniversidade Federal FluminenseBrazilBrazilUniversidade Federal Fluminense

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulBrazilBrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul

Figuras

Figuras (3)

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Figure 1
Experimental design: Across three blocks, in each trial a centered fixation cross was presented for 1.500 ms, followed by a central picture with two peripheral bars presented simultaneously (for 200 ms) to the right and left of fixation. A checkerboard-like mask was then presented, which remained on the screen until the response was made or until 2.000 ms had elapsed. Subjects were instructed to ignore the central picture and attend to the peripheral bars, responding with a keypress as quickly and accurately as possible whether the bars were in the same or a different orientation. Bars' orientation could be presented with either a 90° or a 6° inclination difference.

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Figure 2
Mean values (ms) representing total emotional interference - for both bar orientation conditions - according to levels of anxiety experienced during the task for each group at posttest. FM= focused meditation; WLC = wait list control. A GLM for repeated measures indicated that at posttest total emotional interference did not differ between anxiety levels in the FM group, but it was significantly greater in control participants reporting higher anxiety. p < .05

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Figure 3
A. Mean values representing valence ratings according to levels of anxiety experienced during the task for each type of image, in each group, at posttest. Standard errors are represented by the error bars. FM= focused meditation; WLC = wait list control. A GLM for repeated measures revealed that at posttest only in the WLC group emotional images were rated as significantly more unpleasant than neutral ones. 3B. Mean values representing arousal ratings according to levels of anxiety experienced during the task for each type of image, in each group, at posttest. Standard errors are represented by the error bars. FM= focused meditation; WLC = wait list control. A GLM for repeated measures yielded that at posttest only in the WLC group emotional images were rated as significantly more arousing than neutral ones at posttest. * p < .05

Figure 1 Experimental design: Across three blocks, in each trial a centered fixation cross was presented for 1.500 ms, followed by a central picture with two peripheral bars presented simultaneously (for 200 ms) to the right and left of fixation. A checkerboard-like mask was then presented, which remained on the screen until the response was made or until 2.000 ms had elapsed. Subjects were instructed to ignore the central picture and attend to the peripheral bars, responding with a keypress as quickly and accurately as possible whether the bars were in the same or a different orientation. Bars' orientation could be presented with either a 90° or a 6° inclination difference.

Figure 2 Mean values (ms) representing total emotional interference - for both bar orientation conditions - according to levels of anxiety experienced during the task for each group at posttest. FM= focused meditation; WLC = wait list control. A GLM for repeated measures indicated that at posttest total emotional interference did not differ between anxiety levels in the FM group, but it was significantly greater in control participants reporting higher anxiety. p < .05

Figure 3 A. Mean values representing valence ratings according to levels of anxiety experienced during the task for each type of image, in each group, at posttest. Standard errors are represented by the error bars. FM= focused meditation; WLC = wait list control. A GLM for repeated measures revealed that at posttest only in the WLC group emotional images were rated as significantly more unpleasant than neutral ones. 3B. Mean values representing arousal ratings according to levels of anxiety experienced during the task for each type of image, in each group, at posttest. Standard errors are represented by the error bars. FM= focused meditation; WLC = wait list control. A GLM for repeated measures yielded that at posttest only in the WLC group emotional images were rated as significantly more arousing than neutral ones at posttest. * p < .05

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Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 - Brasília - DF - Brazil, Tel./Fax: (061) 274-6455 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: revistaptp@gmail.com

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Meditação breve e a interação entre interferência emocional e ansiedade

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[1] Endereço para correspondência: Psicologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Avenida Duque de Caxias, n. 250, Fragata, Pelotas, RS, Brasil. CEP: 96.030-001. E-mail: para menezescarolina@hotmail.com