Factors Associated with Common Mental Disorders in Truck Drivers

Oliveira, Michelle Engers Taube de; Carlotto, Mary Sandra

doi:10.1590/0102.3772e3653

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Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa

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Sumário

Social, Work and Organizations Psychology • Psic.: Teor. e Pesq. 36 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102.3772e3653 copy

Factors Associated with Common Mental Disorders in Truck Drivers

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the risk factors of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) using a sample of 565 Brazilian truck drivers. For data capture were applied the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), Scale subscale of Psychosocial risks and questionnaire with socio-demographic, working and occupational stressors. The results obtained by multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, have explained the 39.9% of variation on CMD. The occupational stressor working hours is the predictor variable with highest impact, may implying in an increase of 5.41 times more chance of the trucker to present CMD. The results indicate actions by management level as work organization and public authorities with regard to the external work conditions.

Keywords:
common mental disorders; truck drivers; occupational health; risk factors; occupational stressors; multivariate binary logistic regression analysis

Variables	CMD Classification					Odds Ratio Unajusted
	without CMD (n=528)		with CMD (n=37)		p	Odds Ratio Unajusted
	n	%	n	%	p	OR (IC95%)
Age range					0,388§
Up to 31 years	140	27.4	14	37.8		1.09 (0.96-1.28)
Over 31 to 45	249	48.7	15	40.5		0.77 (0.52-1.08)
Over 45 years	122	23,9	8	21.6		1.0
Schooling					0.781£
Elementary School	232	44.7	17	45.9		1.0
High school	280	53.9	19	51.4		0.98 (0.67-1.17)
University education	7	1.3	1	2.7		1.47 (0.88-1.89)
Marital status					0.638§
With Partner	456	86.5	31	83.8		1.0
No partner	71	13.5	6	16.2		1.24 (0.50-3.11)
Children					0.515§
Yes	409	77.6	27	73.0		1.0
No	118	22.4	10	27.0		1.28 (0.60-2.72)

Variables	CMD Classification					Odds Ratio Unajusted
	without CMD (n=528)		with CMD (n=37)		p	Odds Ratio Unajusted
	n	%	n	%	p	OR (IC95%)
Bond Type					>0.999£
Employee	452	86.3	33	89.2		1.12 (0.45-1.56)
Aggregate	9	1.7	0	0.0		- - -
Outsourced	15	2.9	1	2.7		0.88 (0.54-1.09)
Self-employed	48	9.2	3	8.1		1.0
Travel Status					0.126£
With companion	55	10.5	1	2.7		1.0
No companion	468	89.5	36	97.3		1.05 (1.01-1.11)
Work route					<0.001§
Short	293	59.7	13	35.1		1.0
Average	80	16.3	4	10.8		0.89 (0.34-1.11)
Long	118	24.0	20	54.1		2.58 (1.10-4.39)
Remuneration					0.019§
Up to 2000	163	34.5	4	11.4		1.0
Above 2000 and 3300	196	41.4	19	54.3		1.29 (1.08-4.55)
Above 3300	114	24.1	12	34.3		2.88 (1.76-7.66)
Daily journey					<0.001§
Up to 12	417	83.1	18	50.0		1.0
Above 12	85	16.9	18	50.0		4,91 (2,45-9,82)
Professional working time					0.708§
Up to 4 years	107	20.6	6	16.2		1.0
Above 4 and 18 anos	285	54.8	20	54.1		0.91 (0.74-1.06)
Above 18	128	24.6	11	29.7		1.15 (0.84-1.66)
Load Type					0.003£
Foods	63	12.1	4	11.4		1.00
Live load	55	10.6	1	2.9		- - -
Fluids	13	2.5	0	0.0		- - -
Bulk	81	15.6	2	5.7		- - -
Wood	202	38.8	11	31.4		0.86 (0.76-0.94)
Varied loads	106	20.4	17	48.6		3.27 (1.19-6.78)

Variables	Classification CMD					Odds Ratio Unajusted
	without CMD (n=528)		with CMD (n=37)		p	Odds Ratio Unajusted
	n	%	n	%	p	OR (IC95%)
Road conditions					<0.001£
No	240	46.1	3	8.1		1.00
Yes	281	53.9	34	91.9		9.68 (2.93-31.9)
Service stations					<0.001§
No	431	82.9	20	54.1		1.00
Yes	89	17.1	17	45.9		4.11 (2.07-8.17)
Restroom conditions					<0.001§
No	436	83.5	21	56.8		1.00
Yes	86	16.5	16	43.2		3.86 (1.93-7.70)
Place to eat					<0.001§
No	477	92.1	26	70.3		1.00
Yes	41	7.9	11	29.7		4.92 (2.27-10.67)
Assault					0.142§
No	174	33.3	8	21.6		1.00
Yes	348	66.7	29	78.4		1.81 (0.81-4.05)
Robberies					0.116§
No	165	32.0	7	19.4		1.00
Yes	351	68.0	29	80.6		1.94 (0.84-4.54)
Traffic jam					0.001§
No	225	43.0	5	13.9		1.00
Yes	298	57.0	31	86.1		4.68 (1.79-12.23)
Accidents					0.007§
No	182	35.1	5	13.5		1.00
Yes	337	64.9	32	86.5		3.45 (1.32-9.02)
Pollution noise					0.005§
No	266	51.2	10	27.0		1.00
Yes	254	48.8	27	73.0		2.83 (1.34-5.96)
Pollution environmental					0.192§
No	194	37.7	10	27.0		1.00
Yes	320	62.3	27	73.0		1.63 (0.77-3.45)
Workday					<0.001§
No	438	84.4	13	35.1		1.00
Yes	81	15.6	24	64.9		9.98 (4.88-20.41)
Remuneration					<0.001§
No	393	76.6	13	35.1		1.00
Yes	120	23.4	24	64.9		6.05 (2.99-12.24)
Electronic control systems					<0.001§
No	389	75.5	15	42.9		1.00
Yes	126	24.5	20	57.1		4.12 (2.05-8.28)
Operational support teams					<0.001§
No	436	84.2	21	58.3		1.00
Yes	82	15.8	15	41.7		3.80 (1.88-7.67)

Variables	Classification CMD					Odds Ratio Unajusted
	without CMD (n=528)		with CMD (n=37)		p	Odds Ratio Unajusted
	n	%	n	%	p	OR (IC95%)
Conflict and ambiguity of roles					0.045£	3.45 (1.38-14.27)
No	514	97.3	33	89.2
Yes	14	2.7	4	10.8
Role overload					0.108§	1.73 (0.88-3.42)
No	286	54.2	15	40.5
Yes	242	45.8	22	59.5
Lack of social support					0.214§	1.52 (0.78-2.97)
No	326	61.7	19	51.4
Yes	202	38.3	18	48.6
Lack of autonomy					0.022§	2.15 (1.10-4.21)
No	367	69.5	19	51.4
Yes	161	30,5	18	48.6
Work-family conflict					<0.001§	6.33 (2.59-15.44)
No	506	95.8	29	78.4
Yes	22	4.2	8	21.6
Pressure of the degree of responsibility		0.007§	2.47 (1.25-4.88)
No	332	62.9	15	40.5
Yes	196	37.1	22	59.5

Variables independent	Regression coefficient			Odds Ratio Ajusted
	B	S.E.	Sig.	OR_aj	IC95%
	B	S.E.	Sig.	OR_aj	Confidence Interval
Working A
Remuneration
Abouve 3300	0.318	0.457	0.036	1.67	1.16	4.36
Daily journey
Abouve 12h	1.987	0.552	<0.001	7.29	2.47	21.50
Load Type
Varieds Loads	0.789	0.645	0.021	2.20	1.62	7.78
Occupational stressors B
Road conditions	1.173	0.654	0.073	3.23	0.90	11.65
Place to eat	0.938	0.477	0.049	2.56	1.00	6.51
Accidents	0.891	0.576	0.122	2.44	0.79	7.54
Workday	1.669	0.426	0.000	5.31	2.30	12.22
Remuneration	0.947	0.436	0.030	2.58	1.10	6.06
Psychosocial Risks C
Conflict and ambiguity of roles	1.182	0.651	0.070	3.26	0.91	11.68
Lack of autonomy	0.637	0.358	0.075	1.89	0.94	3.81
Work-family conflict	1.456	0.481	0.002	4.29	1.67	11.02
Pressure of the degree of responsibility	0.776	0.360	0.031	2.17	1.07	4.40

Variables independent	Regression coefficient			Odds Ratio Ajusted
	B	S.E.	Sig.	OR_aj	IC95%
	B	S.E.	Sig.	OR_aj	Confidence Interval
Daily journey
Abouve 12h	1.202	0.564	0.033	3.33	1.10	10.04
Load Type
Varieds	0.990	0.725	0.172	2.69	0.65	11.14
Road conditions	1.512	0.671	0.024	4.53	1.22	16.88
Place to eat	1.003	0.495	0.043	2.73	1.03	7.19
Workday	1.689	0.441	0.000	5.41	2.28	12.85
Work-family conflict	1.234	0.598	0.039	3.43	1.06	11.09
Pressure of the degree of responsibility	0.810	0.452	0.074	2.25	0.93	5.45

Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 - Brasília - DF - Brazil, Tel./Fax: (061) 274-6455 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
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