Anderson, Anderson, Northam, Jacobs & Catroppa (2001Anderson, V. A., Anderson, P., Northam, E., Jacobs, R., & Catroppa, C. (2001). Development of executive functions through late childhood and adolescence in an Australian sample. Developmental Neuropsychology, 20(1), 385-406. doi: 10.1207/S15326942DN2001_5
https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326942DN2001_...
) |
Attentional control - Selective attention and sustained attention |
| Cognitive flexibility - Working memory, attentional shift, self-monitoring and conceptual transfer |
| Goal setting - Initiating, plannin g, problem solving, and strategic behavior |
Ardestani et al. (2016Ardestani, A., Shen, W., Darvas, F., Toga, A. W., & Fuster, J. M. (2016). Modulation of frontoparietal neurovascular dynamics in working memory. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 28(3), 379-401. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_00903.
https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00903....
); Fuster, (2015Fuster, J. M. (2015). Overview of prefrontal functions: E Pluribus Unum - Coordinating new sequences of purposeful action. In The Prefrontal Cortex (5th. ed.), 375-425. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-407815-4.00008-8
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407815...
) |
Working memory - Temporally retrospective function |
| Interference control - Inhibition |
| Anticipatory set - Prospective function |
|
Barkley (2001Barkley, R. A. (2001). The executive functions and self-regulation: An evolutionary neuropsychological perspective. Neuropsychology Review, 11(1), 1-29. ) |
Nonverbal working memory and Verbal working memory |
| Self-regulation of affect/motivation/arousal - Covert self-directed emotion |
| Reconstitution - Covert self-directed play |
Biederman et al. (2004Biederman, J., Monuteaux, M. C., Doyle, A. E., Seidman, L. J., Wilens, T. E., Ferrero, F., ... Faraone, S. V. (2004). Impact of executive function deficits and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on academic outcomes in children. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 72(5), 757-766. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.72.5.757
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.72.5.7...
) |
Attention |
| Reasoning |
| Planning |
| Inhibition and interference control |
| Working memory and Set shifting |
Barraso-Catanzaro & Eslinger, 2016Barrasso-Catanzaro, C. & Eslinger, P. J. (2016). Neurobiological bases of executive function and social-emotional development: Typical and atypical brain changes. Family Relations, 65, 108-119. doi:10.1111/fare.12175
https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12175...
|
Working memory |
| Anticipation - Prediction, self-monitoring, error and correction-monitoring |
| Active control of regulation and Metacognitive strategy |
| Feedback |
|
Espy et al. (2004Espy, K. A., McDiarmid, M. M., Cwik, M. F., Stalets, M. M., Hamby, A., & Stern, T. E. (2004). The contribution of executive functions to emergent mathematic skills in preschool children. Developmental Neuropsychology, 26(1), 465-486.) |
Working memory |
| Mental flexibility |
| Inhibitory control |
Friedman & Miyake (2017Friedman, N. P., & Miyake, A. (2017). Unity and diversity of executive functions: Individual differences as a window on cognitive structure. Cortex, 1-19. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.04.023
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2016.04...
) |
Response inhibition and Interference control |
| Working memory updating and Set shifting |
García-Barrera et al. (2013García-Barrera, M. A., Karr, J. E., & Kamphaus, R. W. (2013). Longitudinal applications of a behavioral screener of executive functioning: Assessing factorial invariance and exploring latent growth. Psychological Assessment, 25(4), 1300-1313. Doi: 10.1037/a0034046.
https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034046....
) |
Problem solving |
| Attentional control |
| Behavioral control |
| Emotional control |
Klenberg, Korkman, & Lahti-Nuuttila (2001Klenberg, L., Korkman, M., & Lahti-Nuuttila, P. (2001). Differential development of attention and executive functions in 3- to 12-year-old Finnish children. Developmental Neuropsychology, 20(1), 407-428. doi: 10.1207/S15326942DN2001_6
https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326942DN2001_...
) |
Inhibition of irrelevant impulses and responses |
| Planning and Goal selection |
| Monitoring and regulation of activity |
| Evaluation of the results of activity |
Lee, Bull & Ho (2013Lee, K., Bull, R. & Ho, R. M. H. (2013). Developmental changes in executive functioning. Child Development, 84(6), 1933-1953. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12096
https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12096...
) |
Working memory and Switch efficiency |
| Inhibition |
|
Lezak (1995Lezak, M. D. (1995). Neuropsychological assessment. New York: Oxford University Press.) |
Planning |
| Purposive action and Volition |
| Effective performance |
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