Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Evidence of Validity of the Questionnaire d’Engagement Paternel

Bossardi, Carina Nunes; Souza, Carolina Duarte de; Gomes, Lauren Beltrão; Bolze, Simone Dill Azeredo; Schmidt, Beatriz; Vieira, Mauro Luis; Paquette, Daniel; Crepaldi, Maria Aparecida

doi:10.1590/0102.3772e3439

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School and Developmental Psychology • Psic.: Teor. e Pesq. 34 • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102.3772e3439 linkcopy

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Evidence of Validity of the Questionnaire d’Engagement Paternel

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Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the internal structure and reliability indices of the Questionnaire d’Engagement Paternel (QEP). It describes the process of cross-cultural adaptation and results of the evaluation of the psychometric proprieties of the instrument. The sample consisted of 300 participants (150 mothers and 150 fathers), who formed two-parent families. The psychometric analyses involved procedures including back translation, factor analysis, and reliability analyses of the instrument. The Brazilian version of the QEP is presented, containing a total of 36 items, divided into five dimensions. Twenty items were excluded, according to statistical and theoretical criteria. The results demonstrated satisfactory evidence of validity of the scale. Considerations regarding limitations of the study and recommendations for use in future research were indicated.

Keywords:
test validity; paternity; fathers; involvement; parental involvement; measurement

Items	Factors
Items	1	2	3	4	5
QEP4 Washing the dishes	0.78
QEP14 Caring for your child’s hair	0.77
QEP9 Washing clothes	0.74
QEP7 Dressing your child	0.74
QEP21Cleaning the house	0.73
QEP5 Giving your child a bath	0.71
QEP1 Preparing meals	0.70
QEP12 Supervising morning routines	0.63
QEP2 Giving your child something to eat or drink	0.60
QEP28 Cleaning your child’s ears	0.59
QEP10 Putting your child to bed at night	0.53
QEP53 Encouraging your child		0.69
QEP47 Congratulating your child		0.67
QEP46 Trying to find out from your child if something is wrong with him/her		0.61
QEP37 Reassuring your child when he/she is scared		0.61
QEP50 Soothing your child		0.60
QEP48 Consoling your child when he/she cries		0.52
QEP45 Proposing educational play		0.52
QEP35 Caring for your child when he/she is sick		0.49
QEP55 Intervening quickly when your child gives signs of difficulty or discomfort		0.49
QEP42 Giving your child first aid when he/she is hurt		0.45
QEP29 Speaking about your child to your friends, neighbors or work colleagues			0.74
QEP17 Telling your work colleagues or friends funny things that your child has said or done			0.68
QEP51Looking at photos of your child			0.60
QEP54 Remembering your child when he/she was younger			0.59
QEP38 Thinking about your child when he/she is not with you			0.50
QEP13 Playing with your child on your back				0.65
QEP6 Tickling your child				0.62
QEP8 Watching a children’s television program with your child				0.52
QEP15 Making your child laugh				0.51
QEP3 Playing rough and tumble play with your child				0.51
QEP33 Teaching your child sports (swimming, skating, riding a bicycle, throwing a ball, etc.)				0.45
QEP24 Reprimanding your child when he/she disobeys					0.76
QEP19 Reprimanding your child when he/she disturbs or annoys people					0.68
QEP18 Correcting your child’s behavior at the table					0.57
QEP43 Punishing your child when he/she does something wrong (hurting somebody, etc.)					0.46
% of variance explained by the factor	22.83	8.98	5.48	4.97	4.85
% of total variance accumulated	22.83	31.81	37.29	42.26	47.11

Items/dimension	Alpha if the item is deleted	Item-total	Alpha; Lambda-2 of the dimension
Direct and Indirect Care (11 items)
1. Preparing meals	0.89	0.64	0.90; 0.91
2. Giving your child something to eat or drink	0.89	0.54
4. Washing the dishes	0.89	0.68
5. Giving your child a bath	0.89	0.66
7. Dressing your child	0.89	0.69
9. Washing clothes	0.89	0.67
10. Putting your child to bed at night	0.90	0.46
12. Supervising morning routines (breakfast, getting dressed)	0.89	0.61
14. Caring for your child’s hair (washing, combing)	0.88	0.75
21. Cleaning the house (sweeping, cleaning the floor, dusting)	0.89	0.67
28. Cleaning your child’s ears	0.89	0.62
Emotional Support (10 items)
35. Caring for your child when he/she is sick	0.80	0.53	0.81; 0.80
37. Reassuring your child when he/she is scared	0.80	0.51
42. Giving your child first aid when he/she is hurt	0.81	0.44
45. Proposing educational play for your child	0.81	0.48
46. Trying to find out from your child if something is wrong with him/her	0.79	0.59
47. Congratulating your child when he/she manages to achieve something	0.80	0.53
48. Consoling your child when he/she cries	0.81	0.41
50. Soothing your child	0.79	0.59
53. Encouraging your child when he/she manages to do something difficult	0.80	0.54
55. Intervening quickly when your child gives signs of difficulty or discomfort	0.80	0.48
Evocations (05 items)
17. Telling your work colleagues or friends funny things that your child has said or done	0.60	0.52	0.69; 0.73
29. Speaking about your child to your friends, neighbors or work colleagues	0.56	0.60
38. Thinking about your child when he/she is not with you	0.69	0.32
51. Looking at photos of your child	0.65	0.42
54. Remembering your child when he/she was younger	0.65	0.40
Physical Play and Openness to the World (06 items)
3. Playing rough and tumble play with your child	0.56	0.26	0.57; 0.61
6. Tickling your child	0.50	0.38
8. Watching a children’s television program with your child	0.53	0.32
13. Playing with your child on your back (pony ride)	0.51	0.35
15. Making your child laugh	0.54	0.36
33. Teaching your child sports (swimming, skating, riding a bicycle, throwing a ball, etc.)	0.53	0.31
Discipline (04 items)
18. Correcting your child’s behavior at the table	0.57	0.22	0.55; 0.59
19. Reprimanding your child when he/she disturbs or annoys people	0.34	0.49
24. Reprimanding your child when he/she disobeys	0.51	0.30
43. Punishing your child when he/she does something wrong (hurting somebody, etc.)	0.46	0.35

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