Word Decoding Task: Item Analysis by IRT and Within-Group Norms

Lúcio, Patrícia Silva; Moreira, Hugo Cogo; Kida, Adriana de Souza Batista; Carvalho, Carolina Alvez Ferreira de; Pinheiro, Ângela Maria Vieira; Mari, Jair de Jesus; Avila, Clara Regina Brandão de

doi:10.1590/0102.3772e3437

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School and Developmental Psychology • Psic.: Teor. e Pesq. 34 • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102.3772e3437 copy

Word Decoding Task: Item Analysis by IRT and Within-Group Norms

Tarefa de Decodificação: Análise de Itens pela TRI e Normas Intragrupo

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This paper reports the performance of a representative sample of 747 students (52.5% female), from 2nd to 5th year of elementary education from private and public (83.8%) schools of Sao Paulo city. The children performed the Form A of Word Reading and Spelling Task (WRST) containing 48 low-frequency words presented in a card. Data were analyzed using models of Item Response Theory. We observed high levels of accuracy. The analysis selected 24 items, which presented low to moderate discrimination and difficulty indices. There were mean differences between grades, but not sex or school type. We report percentile norms for the grades for the WRST´S (Form) Reduced Version. The results support preceding studies with the word decoding tasks in Brazilian Portuguese, which attested to the quasi-regular character of that language.

Keywords:
decoding; Item Response Theory; Brazilian Portuguese; quasi-regular

Grade	General Sample	Boys	Girls	Public Schools	Private Schools
	Original items (48 items)
2nd	63.9	62.1	65.7	62.4	Private Schools	72.7
3rd	76.1	76.7	75.9	75.0	82.5
4th	82.8	83.3	82.3	82.32	84.7
5th	85.1	85.7	84.6	84.7	87.2
All grades	76.8	76.3	77.2	75.9	81.5
	Selected items (24 items)
2nd	54.5	52.5	56.4	53.2	61.5
3rd	68.3	69.7	67.6	67.2	74.7
4th	76.9	77.9	76.0	76.6	78.6
5th	80.1	80.7	79.6	79.8	81.4
All grades	69.8	69.5	70.1	69.1	73.8

Model Index	2nd	3rd	4th	5th
χ²	290.209	270.471	251.995	260.710
df	252	252	252	252
p-value	0.049	0.202	0.489	0.340
RMSEA	0.028	0.020	0.000	0.014
90% C.I.	0.002-0.042	0.000-0.037	0.000-0.029	0.000-0.033
CFI	0.973	0.976	1.000	0.984
TLI	0.970	0.974	1.000	0.982
WRMR	0.863	0.869	0.771	0.840

Word	Translation	2nd	3rd	4th	5th
Farta	Satiate	0.831 (.17)	0.351 (.11)	1.126 (.27)	0.684 (.25)
Nublado	Cloudy	0.791 (.17)	0.481 (.12)	0.889 (.22)	0.723 (.19)
Treze	Thirteen	0.432 (.11)	0.295 (.10)	0.662 (.15)	0.324 (.12)
Enxuto	Wiped	0.504 (.11)	0.854 (.18)	0.740 (.14)	1.063 (.21)
Famoso	Famous	0.781 (.13)	0.767 (.17)	0.595 (.18)	0.627 (.15)
Cigana	Gipsy	0.473 (.11)	0.291 (.11)	0.550 (.13)	0.853 (.18)
Manhoso	Sly	1.041 (.17)	0.997 (.19)	1.141 (.25)	0.799 (.20)
Reflexo	Reflection	1.091 (.17)	0.643 (.14)	0.928 (.20)	0.720 (.20)
Universo	Universe	1.072 (.17)	0.979 (.18)	0.964 (.29)	0.803 (.23)
Doutora	Doctor	1.110 (.19)	0.510 (.13)	0.997 (.21)	0.815 (.27)
Bengala	Cane	0.645 (.12)	0.839 (.16)	0.907 (.18)	0.720 (.17)
Bexiga	Bladder	1.075 (.17)	0.635 (.14)	0.673 (.17)	1.307 (.27)
Picada	Sting	0.491 (.12)	0.750 (.15)	0.903 (.20)	0.828 (.20)
Mariposa	Moth	0.864 (.15)	0.668 (.14)	0.932 (.20)	0.818 (.17)
Frade	Shoveling	0.586 (.12)	0.543 (.13)	0.725 (.15)	0.631 (.15)
Redonda	Round	0.742 (.13)	0.589 (.13)	0.611 (.16)	0.210 (.13)
Faxina	Cleaning	0.726 (.13)	0.582 (.14)	0.414 (.12)	0.477 (.13)
Bondosa	Kind	0.878 (.15)	0.566 (.13)	0.645 (.14)	0.672 (.16)
Vasilha	Canister	0.640 (.15)	0.570 (.13)	0.869 (.15)	0.834 (.19)
Dengoso	Namby-pamby	0.631 (.12)	0.896 (.17)	0.580 (.16)	0.370 (.13)
Exposto	Exposed	0.556 (.12)	0.567 (.13)	0.842 (.16)	0.407 (.13)
Carroça	Wain	0.570 (.12)	0.696 (.14)	1.027 (.21)	0.535 (.14)
Formosa	Pretty	0.454 (.11)	0.315 (.11)	0.670 (.15)	0.394 (.12)
Bezerro	Calf	0.955 (.16)	0.886 (.17)	1.018 (.19)	0.602 (.15)

Word	Translation	2nd	3rd	4th	5th
Farta	Satiate	-1.029 (.20)	-2.060 (.52)	-1.800 (.32)	-1.987 (.43)
Nublado	Cloudy	-0.991 (.20)	-3.466 (.11)	-1.600 (.25)	-2.743 (.75)
Treze	Thirteen	-1.319 (.39)	-2.883 (1.0)	-1.339 (.29)	-2.681 (.98)
Enxuto	Wiped	0.873 (.26)	0.482 (.16)	-0.303 (.16)	-0.619 (.15)
Famoso	Famous	-0.509 (.16)	-1.402 (.28)	-2.682 (.69)	-2.098 (.45)
Cigana	Gipsy	0.061 (.21)	-0.817 (.44)	-0.676 (.23)	-0.883 (.19)
Manhoso	Sly	-0.200 (.13)	-0.974 (.18)	-1.277 (.20)	-1.821 (.36)
Reflexo	Reflection	0.168 (.12)	-1.176 (.27)	-1.720 (.28)	-2.193 (.48)
Universo	Universe	-0.343 (.13)	-1.192 (.20)	-2.203 (.43)	-2.545 (.54)
Doutora	Doctor	-0.230 (.12)	-2.357 (.56)	-1.512 (.24)	-2.311 (.53)
Bengala	Cane	-0.388 (.18)	-0.569 (.17)	-1.016 (.19)	-1.406 (.30)
Bexiga	Bladder	-0.217 (.13)	-0.860 (.23)	-1.961 (.42)	-1.335 (.19)
Picada	Sting	-1.086 (.31)	-1.489 (.29)	-1.530 (.26)	-1.869 (.35)
Mariposa	Moth	-0.120 (.14)	-0.512 (.19)	-1.020 (.20)	-1.017 (.21)
Frade	Shoveling	-0.296 (.19)	-0.465 (.22)	-0.972 (.21)	-1.113 (.28)
Redonda	Round	0.022 (.15)	-0.624 (.22)	-1.536 (.35)	-4.011 (2.37)
Faxina	Cleaning	-0.111 (.16)	-0.192 (.19)	-1.113 (.37)	-1.181 (.36)
Bondosa	Kind	-0.148 (.14)	-1.386 (.33)	-1.347 (.29)	-1.552 (.34)
Vasilha	Canister	1.282 (.29)	0.621 (.22)	0.041 (.14)	-0.294 (.15)
Dengoso	Namby-pamby	-0.110 (.17)	-1.070 (.20)	-1.873 (.48)	-2.148 (.75)
Exposto	Exposed	0.390 (.20)	-0.097 (.19)	-0.959 (.19)	-1.531 (.50)
Carroça	Wain	-0.506 (.23)	-1.143 (.25)	-1.255 (.20)	-1.965 (.49)
Formosa	Pretty	-0.395 (.23)	-1.138 (.49)	-0.907 (.24)	-2.251 (.69)
Bezerro	Calf	0.009 (.13)	-0.442 (.15)	-0.866 (.16)	-1.420 (.34)

Percentiles	2nd	3rd	4th	5th
5	3.00	9.00	9.00	12.00
25	9.00	13.00	16.00	17.00
50	13.00	17.00	20.00	20.00
75	18.00	20.00	22.00	23.00
95	22.00	23.00	24.00	24.00

Grade	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	S.D.
2nd	-1.502	1.316	-0.009	0.589
3rd	-0.871	0.766	-0.003	0.387
4th	-1.644	0.867	-0.032	0.566
5th	-1.238	0.726	-0.022	0.497

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