Factors Associated with Condom Use Behaviour Among Young University Students

Stephanou, André Teixeira; Freitas, Isabella Kahl de; Dias, Ana Cristina Garcia

doi:10.1590/1413/82712032270311

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Article • Psico-USF 27 (3) • Jul-Sep 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413/82712032270311 copy

Factors Associated with Condom Use Behaviour Among Young University Students

Fatores Associados ao Uso de Camisinha Entre Jovens Universitários

Factores Asociados con el Uso del Condom Entre Jóvenes Universitarios

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

As the rates of sexually transmitted infections among Brazilian youth rise, college students present with low rates of condom use. Understanding which factors affect preventive behaviours may assist in promoting them. This study aimed to test the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as a model of condom use behaviour among young university students. Data on sexual behaviour, TPB, and personality variables were collected online with 343 sexually active students aged between 18 and 29. Seventy participants also provided follow-up data after 30 days. Structural equation models and ordinal regressions were used to analyse the effects of TPB variables on condom use behaviour. Attitude was the main predictor of behavioural intention in the cross-sectional and longitudinal models. Being in a relationship and lower age at sexual debut were also associated with less frequent condom use behaviour in the cross-sectional analysis. Behavioural intention and perceived control were associated with condom use behaviour.

Keywords:
condoms; theory of planned behaviour; sexual health youth; sexual behaviour

Variables	Cross-sectional sample	Longitudinal sample
Age (M; SD)	23.64 (3.19)	23.43 (3.02)
Sex (n; %)
Female	214 (62.4)	48 (68.6)
Male	129 (37.6)	22 (31.4)
Race (n; %)
White	190 (55.4)	37 (52.9)
Mixed	108 (31.5)	21 (30)
Black	34 (9.9)	7 (10)
Other	11 (3.2)	5 (7.1)
Sexual orientation (n; %)
Heterosexual	233 (67.9)	47 (67.1)
Bisexual	65 (19)	12 (17.1)
Gay	36 (10.5)	11 (15.7)
Lesbian	3 (0.9)	-
Other	6 (1.7)	-
Relationship status (n; %)
Steady relationship / Married	230 (67.6)	35 (50)
Single / Casual relationship	108 (22.4)	33 (47.1)
Other	5 (1.5)	2 (2.9)
Study level (n; %)
Undergraduate	228 (66.5)	48 (68.6)
Graduate	115 (33.5)	22 (31.4)
Region of residence (n; %)
North	40 (11.7)	8 (11.4)
Northeast	75 (21.9)	17 (24.3)
Midwest	40 (11.7)	8 (11.4)
Southeast	108 (31.5)	21 (30)
South	80 (23.3)	16 (22.9)
Living with (n; %)
Family	226 (53.3)	40 (57.1)
Spouse/Partner	56 (16.3)	8 (11.4)
Friends	42 (12.2)	9 (12.8)
Alone	39 (11.4)	8 (11.4)
Other	23 (6.7)	5 (7.1)
Religiosity
No affiliation/ Agnostic/ Atheist	177 (51.6)	40 (57.1)
Religious	166 (48.4)	30 (42.9)

Cross-sectional sample (n = 343)
Variables	M	SD	Min	Max	Skew	Kurtosis	S.E.
Condom use frequency	3.52	1.66	1.00	5.00	-0.60	-1.36	0.09
Condom carrying behaviour	3.55	1.81	1.00	6.00	0.28	-1.55	0.10
Age at sexual debut	16.74	2.91	6.00	27.00	-002	1.19	0.16
Number of lifetime partners	12.44	19.25	1.00	100.00	3.12	10.50	1.04
Behavioural Intention	3.73	1.46	1.00	5.00	-0.85	-0.82	0.08
Attitude	3.83	0.94	1.40	5.00	-0.66	-0.42	0.05
Injunctive Norm	3.78	1.03	1.00	5.00	-.072	-0.11	0.06
Descriptive Norm	2.53	0.95	1.00	5.00	0.23	-0.17	0.05
Perceived Control	4.17	1.09	1.00	5.00	-1.40	0.93	0.06
Behavioural Belief	116.19	24.97	18.00	150.00	-0.79	0.54	1.35
Injunctive Belief	54.77	31.10	0.00	150.00	0.72	0.18	1.68
Descriptive Belief	11.32	3.09	4.00	20.00	0.03	-0.14	0.17
Control Belief	18.81	3.82	5.00	25.00	-0.42	-0.11	0.21
Openness to Experience	3.79	0.74	1.33	5.00	-0.54	-0.09	0.04
Conscientiousness	2.75	0.93	1.00	5.00	0.27	-0.69	0.05
Extraversion	2.57	1.10	1.00	5.00	0.46	-0.76	0.06
Agreeableness	4.41	0.59	2.00	5.00	-1.10	1.16	0.03
Neuroticism	3.25	1.06	1.00	5.00	-0.17	-0.81	0.06
Longitudinal sample (n = 70)
Variables	M	SD	Min	Max	Skew	Kurtosis	S.E.
Condom use frequency^a	3.20	1.63	1.00	5.00	-0.32	-1.56	0.22
Condom carrying behaviour^b	3.57	1.85	1.00	6.00	0.13	-.1.56	0.23
Age at sexual debut^b	16.92	3.18	8.00	25.00	0.33	0.47	0.39
Number of lifetime partners^b	13.09	21.15	1.00	100.00	3.21	10.27	2.62
Behavioural Intention	3.94	1.32	1.00	5.00	-1.16	0.01	0.16
Attitude	4.11	0.79	1.80	5.00.	-0.92	0.17	0.13
Injunctive Norm	3.77	0.93	1.50	5.00	-0.39	-0.62	0.10
Descriptive Norm	2.54	0.91	1.00	4.50	-0.16	-0.83	0.11
Perceived Control	4.21	0.96	1.25	5.00	-1.43	1.14	0.13
Behavioural Belief	121.36	22.79	54.00	150.00	-0.52	-0.39	2.72
Injunctive Belief	49.61	30.82	0.00	130.00	0.66	0.01	3.16
Descriptive Belief	10.96	2.82	18.00	14.00	-0.17	-0.21	0.34
Control Belief	18.87	3.59	9.00	25.00	-0.36	-0.44	0.43
Openness to Experience	3.81	0.69	2.00	5.00	-0.40	-0.48	0.08
Conscientiousness	2.67	0.81	1.00	4.25	0.02	-0.73	0.10
Extraversion	2.30	1.04	1.00	5.00	0.63	-0.48	0.12
Agreeableness	4.43	0.59	2.67	5.00	-0.84	0.05	0.07
Neuroticism	3.22	0.97	1.00	5.00	-0.16	-0.56	0.12

Model 1 - TPB variables
Path	Est.	S.E.	Z-value	p	Model fit
ATT > BI	0.906	0.050	17.953	< .001	χ²	376.432	df	197	p	< .001
IN > BI	0.200	0.073	2.746	.006	CFI	0.991
DN > BI	-0.031	0.073	-0.419	.675	TLI	0.989
PC > BI	0.095	0.068	1.384	.166	GFI	0.996
BI > CUF	0.639	0.051	12.409	< .001	RMSEA	0.052	90% CI		0.044-0.059
PC > CUF	0.360	0.077	4.677	< .001	SRMR	0.059
Model 2 - TPB and additional correlates of condom use
Path	Est.	S.E.	Z-value	p	Model fit
ATT > BI	0.874	0.052	16.933	< .001	χ²	686.864	df	323	p	< .001
IN > BI	0.199	0.076	2.626	.009	CFI	0.977
DN > BI	-0.030	0.078	-0.389	.697	TLI	0.984
PC > BI	0.142	0.070	2.033	.042	GFI	0.983
BI > CUF	0.629	0.054	11.709	< .001	RMSEA	0.057	90% CI		0.051-0.063
PC > CUF	0.353	0.087	4.071	< .001	SRMR	67
RS > CUF	-0.451	0.145	-3.108	.002
ASD > CUF	0.055	0.022	2.516	.012
CC > CUF	0.218	0.038	5.801	< .001
DU > CUF	-0.050	0.093	-0.537	.630
DUS > CUF	0.024	0.081	0.292	.771
NSP > CUF	-0.007	0.004	-1.689	.091

Universidade de São Francisco, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Psicologia R. Waldemar César da Silveira, 105, Vl. Cura D'Ars (SWIFT), Campinas - São Paulo, CEP 13045-510, Telefone: (19)3779-3771 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistapsico@usf.edu.br

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