This paper presents a theoretical review on decision making in situations of alleged child sexual abuse. Mental health professionals around the world need to make decisions about the veracity of these claims, many being wrongly judged. This article presents sexual abuse as a global problem, highlights the relationship between psychology and justice, and approaches studies that demonstrate the influences of variables such as cognitive biases, prior beliefs and gender on the decisions taken by professionals who assess these cases. It is essential that professionals recognize these variables so that errors on these trials could be avoided and the quality of forensic psychological assessments could be increased. The need for experience and scientific knowledge is discussed as a possible contributor to the qualification of psychologists working in this area and researches on this subject within the Brazilian context are suggested.
Sexual abuse; Psychological assessment; Forensic psychology; Decision-making