Validity evidence for the Cognitive Screening Test in Stroke Patients

Schmidt, Luis Filipe Silveira; Rodrigues, Jaqueline de Carvalho; Bandeira, Denise Ruschel; Salles, Jerusa Fumagalli de

doi:10.1590/1413-82712022270411

Luis Filipe Silveira Schmidt

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5447-3936

Jaqueline de Carvalho Rodrigues

Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9947-4705

Denise Ruschel Bandeira

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9867-2718

Jerusa Fumagalli de Salles

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0877-488X

Contact: Department of Graduate Studies in Psychology of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Ground Floor CEP: 90035003 Phone: +55 51 3308-5246 E-mail: ppgpsico@ufrgs.br

Luis Filipe Silveira Schmidt is a Master in Psychology (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil) and clinical psychologist, serving in the specialties of neuropsychological assessment, neuropsychological rehabilitation and psychotherapy. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5447-3936 E-mail: luisfilipeschmidt@gmail.com

Jerusa Fumagalli de Salles is a Master and PhD in Developmental Psychology, Associate Professor at the Institute of Psychology, Graduate Program in Psychology of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Coordinator of the Center for Studies in Cognitive Neuropsychology (NEUROCOG). Productivity scholarship of Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0877-488x E-mail: jerusafsalles@gmail.com

Denise Ruschel Bandeira is a Master and PhD in Psychology, Professor at the Institute of Psychology, Graduate Program in Psychology of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Coordinator of the Study, Application and Research Group in Psychological Assessment. Productivity scholarship of Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9867-2718 E-mail: bandeira@ufrgs.br

Jaqueline de Carvalho Rodrigues is a Psychologist, Master and PhD in Psychology (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul). Assistant Professor at Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro - PUC-Rio. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9947-4705 E-mail: jaquecarvalhorodrigues@gmail.com

Variables		Groups
Age groups		40 - 59		60 - 75
Education		3 - 7	8 - 11	3 - 7	8 - 11
N	P	13	23	37	14
	C	14	23	16	13
Age (M, SD)	P	53.1 (4.7)	52.3 (5.3)	68.4 (4.3)	67.4 (3.9)
	C	51.6 (6.6)	50.1 (6.4)	69.4 (5.0)	64.2 (3.8)
Years of formal education (M, DP)	P	5.2 (1.7)	9.3 (1.4)	4.43 (1.3)	9.14 (1.4)
	C	5.1 (1.1)	9.7 (1.5)	4.5 (0.7)	9.8 (1.2)

Cognitive Domais/Tasks		Groups
Age		40 - 59			60 - 75
Schooling		3 - 7	8 - 11	Sig.	3 - 7	8 - 11	Sig.
Age (M; SD)	C	53,1 (4,7)	52,3 (5,3)	0,66	68,4 (4,3)	67,4 (3,9)	0,42
	H	51,6 (6,6)	50,1 (6,4)	0,51	69,4 (5,0)	64,2 (3,8)	0,01*
Sig		0,51	0,21		0,49	0,008*
Years of study	C	5,2 (1,7)	9,3 (1,4)	< 0,001*	4,43 (1,3)	9,14 (1,4)	< 0,001*
	H	5,1 (1,1)	9,7 (1,5)	< 0,001*	4,5 (0,7)	9,8 (1,2)	< 0,001*
Sig		0,80	0,42		0,91	0,21
Orientation (M; SD; Min-Max)	C	1,78 (0,55) (0 - 2)	1,91 (0,30) (1 - 2)	0,70	1,37 (0,76) (0 - 2)	1,50 (0,80) (0 - 2)	0,98
	H	2,0 (a.) (2 - 2)	1,96 (0,21) (1 - 2)	0,44	1,93 (0,26) (1 - 2)	2,0 (a.) (2 - 2)	0,33
Sig.		0,15	0,48		0,01*	0,01*
Attention/Working Memory (M; SD; Min-Max)	C	4,82 (1,47) (3 - 7)	5,17 (2,50) (1 - 10)	0,75	2,17 (1,49) (0 - 6)	4,17 (2,52) (0 - 8)	0,01*
	H	5,29 (2,52) (1 - 10)	6,22 (2,81) (1 - 10)	0,32	4,87 (2,33) (1 - 8)	6,23 (2,39) (2 - 10)	0,11
Sig		0,13	0,47		0,02*	0,19
Episodical-Semantic Verbal Memory (M; SD; Min-Max)	C	5,09 (2,21) (1 - 10)	5,56 (2,38) (1 - 12)	0,93	3,1 (1,65) (0 - 6)	4,42 (2,02) (1 - 9)	0,05*
	H	6,29 (1,86) (4 - 10)	6,39 (1,88) (3 - 11)	0,87	4,07 (1,28) (2 - 7)	6,08 (2,02) (3 - 10)	0,002*
Sig.		0,86	0,04*		0,02*	0,006*
Immediate (M; SD; Min-Max) Max)	C	4,0 (1,22) (1 - 6)	4,17 (1,23) (1 - 6)	0,69	2,83 (1,39) (0 - 5)	3,58 (1,24) (1 - 6)	0,11
	H	4,50 (0,86) (3 - 6)	4,57 (0,95) (2 - 6)	0,83	3,60 (0,99) (2 - 5)	4,62 (1,12) (3 - 6)	0,01*
Sig.		0,23	0,15		0,01*	0,12
Late Memory (M; SD; Min-Max)	C	1,13 (1,42) (0 - 6)	1,23 (1,42) (0 - 6)	0,83	0,27 (0,52) (0 - 2)	0,83 (1,80) (0 - 6)	0,35
	H	1,79 (1,53) (0 - 5)	1,83 (1,40) (0 - 5)	0,94	0,47 (0,92) (0 - 3)	1,46 (1,20) (0 - 3)	0,01*
Sig.		0,10	0,008*		0,20	0,25
Visual Memory (M; SD; Min-Max)	C	9,64 (4,72) (0 - 17)	11,39 (7,70) (0 - 20)	0,74	5,97 (6,20) (0 - 20)	6,50 (8,13) (0 - 23)	0,65
	H	15, 36 (6,02) (0 - 22)	19,04 (3,81) (7 - 23)	0,05*	11,87 (5,97) (0 - 18)	16,92 (3,88) (9 - 24)	0,01*
Sig.		< 0,001*	0,08		< 0,001*	< 0,001*	< 0,001
Praxis (M; SD; Min-Max)	C	22,55 (4,48) (15 - 29)	24,61 (6,48) (8 - 33)	0,75	16,47 (10,02) (0 - 31)	21,25 (10,93) (2 - 33)	0,23
	H	30,36 (2,17) (27 - 34)	30,96 (1,58) (27 - 33)	0,38	28,47 (2,29) (23 - 32)	30,15 (3,00) (23 - 33)	0,07
Sig.		< 0,001*	0,17		0,004*	0,02*
Figure Copy (M; SD; Min-Max)	C	15,08 (5,90) (2 - 23)	16,65 (6,75) (0 - 24)	0,49	12,33 (7,97) (0 - 23)	15,33 (8,45) (0 - 24)	0,29
	H	21,79 (1,76) (19 - 24)	22,30 (0,97) (20 -24)	0,33	21,00 (1,13) (19 - 23)	21,54 (2,18) (17 - 24)	0,34
Sig.		0,01*	0,41		0,01*	0,02*
Ideomotor Praxis (M; SD; Min-Max)	C	0,96 (0,21) (0 - 1)	0,98 (0,21) (0 - 1)	0,46	0,83 (0,38) (0 - 1)	0,83 (0,39) (0 - 1)	0,99
	H	1,0 (a.) (1 - 1)	1,0 (a.) (1 - 1)	1,00	0,93 (0,26) (0 - 1)	1,0 (a.) (1 - 1)	0,38
Sig.		0,33	0,32		0,008*	0,35
Clock Draw (M; SD; Min-Max)	C	4,83 (3,08) (0 - 9)	5,46 (1,66) (3 - 7)	0,43	3,30 (2,49) (0 - 8)	5,08 (2,81) (1 - 9)	0,14
	H	7,57 (0,94) (6 - 9)	7,65 (1,91) (5 - 9)	0,83	6,53 (2,26) (1 - 9)	7,62 (1,04) (5 - 9)	0,10
Sig.		< 0,001*	0,14		0,002*	0,05*
Executive Functions (M; SD; Min-Max)	C	18,82 (6,31) (5 - 26)	21,61 (6,60) (0 - 26)	0,44	18,33 (6,24) (8 - 27)	19,23 (5,12) (11 - 27)	0,88
	H	24,43 (2,47) (18 - 28)	25,09 (2,02) (21 - 28)	0,38	24,27 (1,98) (21 - 27)	25,62 (1,12) (23 - 27)	0,11
Sig		0,01*	0,33		< 0,001*	0,15

		Cognitive Domais/Tasks			Groups
Age		40 - 59			60 - 75
Schooling		3 - 7	8 - 11	Sig.	3 - 7	8 - 11	Sig.
Verbal Fluency (M; SD; Min-Max)	C	1,0 (0,91) (0 - 2)	1,26 (0,86) (0 - 3)	0,40	0,83 (1,03) (0 - 3)	0,90 (0,99) (0 - 3)	0,98
	H	1,93 (0,92) (1 - 4)	2,3 (1,02) (1 - 4)	0,70	1,67 (0,98) (0 - 3)	2,23 (0,73) (1 - 4)	0,16
Sig.		0,01*	0,76		< 0,001*	0,22
Processing Speed (M; SD; Min-Max)	C	68,02” (32,85) (34” - 132”)	41,88” (20,14) (16” - 106”)	0,03*	84,08” (44,49) (25” - 227”)	69,13” (65,23) (27 “- 190”)	0,45
	H	39,67” (15,43) (21” - 81”)	32,48” (10,03) (14” - 55”)	0,09	45,56” (21,02) (23” - 100”)	32,63” (8,25) (22” - 51”)	0,04*
Sig.		0,01*	0,71		0,01*	0,02*
Serial Naming (M; SD; Min-Max)	C	17,31 (5,98) (5 - 24)	19,09 (7,69) (0 - 24)	0,48	17,50 (5,71) (8 - 24)	18,33 (4,73) (10 - 24)	0,87
	H	22,50 (2,24) (16 - 24)	22,78 (1,81) (18 - 24)	0,68	22, 60 (1,96) (19 - 24)	23,38 (1,33) (20 - 24)	0,21
Sig.		0,03*	0,01*		0,001*	0,14
Language (M; SD; Min-Max)	C	30,10 (4,44) (20 - 35)	30,67 (6,81) (4 - 35)	0,79	25,80 (7,95) (5 - 34)	30,17 (2,89) (26 - 34)	0,01*
	H	33,21 (1,31) (31 - 35)	34,39 (1,12) (31 - 36)	0,01*	32,60 (2,77) (26 - 36)	33,46 (3,38) (23 - 36)	0,43
Sig.		0,08	0,37		0,004*	0,01*
Oral comprehension (M; SD; Min-Max)	C	0,92 (0,28) (0 - 1)	0,78 (0,42) (0 - 1)	0,24	0,93 (0,25) (0 - 1)	0,83 (0,39) (0 - 1)	0,49
	H	1,0 (a.) (1 - 1)	1,0 (a.) (1 - 1)	1,00	1,0 (a.) (1 - 1)	1,0 (a.) (1 - 1)	1,00
Sig.		0,02*	0,02*		0,08	0,35
Naming (M; SD; Min-Max)	C	3,38 (1,04) (1 - 4)	3,57 (1,04) (0 - 4)	0,62	3,03 (1,27) (0 - 4)	3,00 (0,95) (2-4)	0,69
	H	3,86 (0,36) (3 - 4)	3,91 (0,29) (3 - 4)	0,61	3,8 (0,56) (2 - 4)	4,0 (a.) (4 - 4)	0,19
Sig.		0,13	0,31		0,002*	0,35
Vocabulary/Semantic Memory (M; SD; Min-Max)	C	1,15 (0,56) (0 - 2)	1,13 (0,63) (0 - 2)	0,91	0,93 (0,64) (0 - 2)	0,92 (0,52) (0 - 2)	0,35
	H	1,29 (0,47) (1 - 2)	1,74 (0,45) (1 - 2)	0,01*	1,27 (0,59) (0 - 2)	1,62 (0,51) (1 - 2)	0,09*
		< 0,001*	0,12		0,001*	0,05*
Reading/Inference processing (M; SD; Min-Max)	C	12,85 (3,51) (3 - 16)	12,65 (4,62) (0 - 16)	0,90	11,23 (5,07) (0 - 16)	14,17 (1,11) (12 - 16)	0,001*
	H	15,14 (0,95) (14 - 16)	15,17 (0,83) (13 - 16)	0,92	14,67 (1,29) (12 - 16)	14,92 (0,95) (13 - 16)	0,49
Sig.		0,02*	0,53		0,05*	0,12
Writing Comprehension (M; SD; Min-Max)	C	0,87 (0,34) (0 - 1)	0,92 (0,28) (0 - 1)	0,64	0,90 (0,31) (0 - 1)	0,92 (0,29) (0 - 1)	0,54
	H	1,0 (a.) (1 - 1)	1,0 (a.) (1 - 1)	1,00	1,0 (a.) (1 - 1)	1,0 (a.) (1 - 1)	1,00
Sig.		0,08	0,08		0,34	0,17
Repetition/Dictated writing (M; SD; Min-Max)	C	10, 61 (2,50) (0 - 12)	11,00 (0,91) (9 - 12)	0,59	8,77 (3,09) (0 - 12)	10,33 (1,37) (8 - 12)	0,26
	H	10,93 (0,83) (9 - 12)	11,57 (0,51) (11 - 12)	0,01*	10,87 (1,19) (8 - 12)	10,92 (2,43) (3 - 12)	0,95
Sig.		0,08	0,64		0,03*	0,15
Calculations (M; SD; Min-Max)	C	5,18 (1,66) (2 - 7)	5,39 (2,15) (0 - 7)	0,77	3,40 (1,98) (0 - 7)	4,58 (2,61) (0 - 7)	0,20
	H	6,0 (1,24) (4 - 7)	6,26 (1,10) (4 - 7)	0,51	6,13 (1,25) (3 - 7)	6,31 (0,95) (5 - 7)	0,49
Sig.		0,07	0,61		0,01*	0,05*

Cognitive Domain/Task	P/C (F)	Age	Education (F)	P/C & Age (F)	P/C & Education (F)	Age & Education (F)	P/C & Age & Education (F)
Orientation	8.92*	5.11*	0.05	5.13*	0.09	0.17	0.04
Episodic-Semantic Verbal Memory	16.48*	13.57*	3.72*	0.12	0.77	2.02	0.28
Immediate	7.0*	10.50*	5.58*	1.78	0.09	1.10	0.14
Delayed	14.39*	7.89*	0.70	1.12	1.23	1.93	0.39
Attention/Working Memory	10.21*	4.84*	8.29*	1.86	0.13	0.61	0.64
Praxis	25.84*	8.76*	4.30*	5.16*	0.73	0.62	0.72
Figure Copying	21.79*	7.39*	3.52*	4.96*	1.10	0.40	0.90
Ideomotor Praxis	1.70	3.74*	0.14	2.33	0.14	0.25	0.04
Clock Drawing	20.15*	6.22	3.75*	2.64	0.10	1.53	0.25
Attention/Working Memory	10.21*	4.84*	8.29*	1.86	0.13	0.61	0.64
Executive Functions	11.19*	5.18*	4.71*	2.50	1.60	0.53	0.88
Verbal Fluency	3.71*	6.97*	12.19*	2.77	3.24*	1.03	0.29
Rapid Serial Naming	10.01*	3.63*	2.63*	1.92	0.99	0.42	0.79
Processing Speed	9.61*	7.01*	4.66*	3.60*	0.61	0.21	0.44

Cognitive Domain/Task	P/C (F)	Age	Education (F)	P/C & Age (F)	P/C & Education (F)	Age & Education (F)	P/C & Age & Education (F)
Language	7.66*	3.84*	3.54*	2.27	1.22	0.75	1.00
Listening Comprehension	3.18	0.77	0.53	0.79	0.57	0.17	0.22
Naming	5.66*	2.25	2.41	2.18	1.18	0.24	0.25
Vocabulary/Semantic memory	3.84*	4.24*	3.06*	3.04*	2.52	2.63*	0.23
Reading and inference processing	4.18*	0.51	2.59	0.39	2.75	1.04	1.08
Written comprehension	2.97	1.09	0.14	1.10	0.02	0.70	0.94
Repetition and dictated writing	3.46	5.96*	1.76	3.01*	0.05	0.30	0.94
Calculation	15.11*	2.69	2.57	3.37*	0.22	0.37	0.52
Visual memory	44.64*	15.62*	5.10*	2.43	2.76	0.15	0.81

[1] Contact: Department of Graduate Studies in Psychology of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Ground Floor CEP: 90035003 Phone: +55 51 3308-5246 E-mail: ppgpsico@ufrgs.br

Brasil

Brasil

Validity evidence for the Cognitive Screening Test in Stroke Patients

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Abstract