ABSTRACT:
Plasmid-mediated polymyxin resistance was first described in 2015, in China, in Escherichia coli carrying the mcr-1 (Mobile Colistin Resistance-1) gene. Since then, it has become a major public health challenge worldwide, representing a major threat to human and animal health. In addition, there are still few reports on the prevalence of mcr-1 in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from humans, animals and food. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the occurrence of the mcr-1 gene in bacterial isolates with phenotypic resistance to polymyxin B obtained from clinical specimens of companion animals. Phenotypic resistance to polymyxin B were determined by broth microdilution and the susceptibility profile to other antimicrobials (amikacin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, aztreonam, cefazolin, cefepime, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, ertapenem, gentamicin, imipenem, marbofloxacin, meropenem, phosphomycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, tetracycline, ticarcillin/clavulanate, tobramycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) by disc-diffusion agar method. The extraction of bacterial DNA was performed via heat shock followed by spectrophotometric evaluation. To verify the presence of mcr-1, the Polymerase Chain Reaction was employed using specific primers, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The positive isolates had the corresponding amplicons sequenced. In this study, there were identified the first isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. carrying the mcr-1 gene derived from specimens of companion animals in Brazil. Our results suggest the dissemination of resistance to polymyxins in the community and the environment, highlighting the need for surveillance and optimized treatment guidelines.
INDEX TERMS:
mcr-1-carrying Enterobacteriaceae; companion animals; Brazil; bacterium; polymyxin B; multiple drug resistance; MDR genes; mcr-1 gene