Growth factor |
Source |
Function |
References |
TGF-b |
Platelets, neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, natural cell killers, Th1 cells, bone extracellular matrix and cartilaginous matrix |
Regulates the mitogenic effect of other growth factors, stimulates the proliferation of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, fibroblast and osteoblast mitogen, endothelial regulator and regulator of the collagen synthesis and secretion of collagenase, stimulates angiogenesis and endothelial chemotaxis, inhibits the proliferation of macrophages and lymphocytes. |
Raines & Ross (1982)Raines E.W. & Ross R. 1982. Platelet-derived growth factor. I. High yield purification and evidence for multiple forms. J. Biol. Chem. 257(9):5154-5160. <PMid:7068680>, Martelossi Cebinelli et al. (2016)Martelossi Cebinelli G.C., Paiva Trugilo K., Badaró Garcia S. & Brajão de Oliveira K 2016. TGF-β1 functional polymorphisms: a review. Eur. Cytokine Netw. 27(4):81-89. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/ecn.2016.0382> <PMid:28396298> https://doi.org/10.1684/ecn.2016.0382...
, Gatica et al. (2018)Gatica S., Cabello-Verrugio C. & Simon F. 2018. Transforming growth factor-beta family: advances in vascular function and signaling. Curr. Protein Pept. Sci. 19(12):1164-1171. <http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203719666171128114730> <PMid:29189145> https://doi.org/10.2174/1389203719666171...
|
FGF |
Platelets, macrophages, chondrocytes, osteoblasts and mesenchymal cells |
Mitogen for mesenchymal cells, chondrocytes and osteoblasts, stimulates the growth and differentiation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. |
Raines & Ross (1982)Raines E.W. & Ross R. 1982. Platelet-derived growth factor. I. High yield purification and evidence for multiple forms. J. Biol. Chem. 257(9):5154-5160. <PMid:7068680>, Kharitonenkov & Dimarchi (2017)Kharitonenkov A. & DiMarchi R. 2017. Fibroblast growth factor 21 night watch: advances and uncertainties in the field. J. Intern. Med. 281(3):233-246. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joim.12580> <PMid:27878865> https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12580...
, Ornitz & Itoh (2015)Ornitz D.M. & Itoh N. 2015. The fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway. WIREs Develop. Biol. 4(3):215-266. <PMid:25772309>
|
PDGF a-b |
Platelets, macrophages/monocytes, endothelial cells, osteoblasts and smooth muscle cells |
Stimulates the chemotaxis and mitosis of fibroblasts, smooth and glia muscle cells, regulates the secretion of collagenase and collagen synthesis, mitogen for mesenchymal cells and osteoblasts, stimulates the chemotaxy of macrophages and neutrophils. |
Raines & Ross (1982)Raines E.W. & Ross R. 1982. Platelet-derived growth factor. I. High yield purification and evidence for multiple forms. J. Biol. Chem. 257(9):5154-5160. <PMid:7068680>, Hye Kim et al. (2015)Hye Kim J., Gyu Park S., Kim W.K., Song S.U. & Sung J.H. 2015. Functional regulation of adipose-derived stem cells by PDGF-D. Stem Cells 33(2):542-556. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stem.1865> <PMid:25332166> https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.1865...
, Heldin et al. (2018)Heldin C.H., Lennartsson J. & Westermark B. 2018. Involvement of platelet-derived growth factor ligands and receptors in tumorigenesis. J. Intern. Med. 283(1):16-44. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joim.12690> <PMid:28940884> https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12690...
|
Epidermic growth factor |
Platelets, macrophages/monocytes |
Stimulates mitosis of mesenchymal cells, regulates the secretion of collagenase, stimulates chemotaxis and angiogenesis of endothelial cells. |
Raines & Ross (1982)Raines E.W. & Ross R. 1982. Platelet-derived growth factor. I. High yield purification and evidence for multiple forms. J. Biol. Chem. 257(9):5154-5160. <PMid:7068680>, Wee & Wang (2017)Wee P. & Wang Z. 2017. Epidermal growth factor receptor cell proliferation signaling pathways. Cancers 9(5):52. <PMid:28513565>, Brown et al. (2016)Brown J., Su Y., Nellesen D., Shankar P. & Mayo C. 2016. Management of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor-associated rash: a systematic review. J. Commun. Support. Oncol. 14(1):21-28. <http://dx.doi.org/10.12788/jcso.0193> <PMid:26870839> https://doi.org/10.12788/jcso.0193...
|
VEGF |
Platelets, endothelial cells |
Stimulates mitosis of endothelial cells, increases angiogenesis and permeability of the vessel. |
Raines & Ross (1982)Raines E.W. & Ross R. 1982. Platelet-derived growth factor. I. High yield purification and evidence for multiple forms. J. Biol. Chem. 257(9):5154-5160. <PMid:7068680>, Simons et al. (2016)Simons M., Gordon E. & Claesson-Welsh L. 2016. Mechanisms and regulation of endothelial VEGF receptor signalling. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 17(10):611-625. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm.2016.87> <PMid:27461391> https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm.2016.87...
, Dehghani et al. (2018)Dehghani S., Nosrati R., Yousefi M., Nezami A., Soltani F., Taghdisi S.M., Abnous K., Alibolandi M. & Ramezani M. 2018. Aptamer-based biosensors and nanosensors for the detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF): a review. Biosens. Bioelectron. 110:23-37. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.03.037> <PMid:29579646> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.03.0...
|
IGF |
Platelets, macrophages, osteoblasts, bone matrix and mesenchymal cells |
Stimulates the differentiation and mitogenesis of mesenchymal cells and of lining cells, stimulates osteoblasts and the production of type I collagen, osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase. |
Raines & Ross (1982)Raines E.W. & Ross R. 1982. Platelet-derived growth factor. I. High yield purification and evidence for multiple forms. J. Biol. Chem. 257(9):5154-5160. <PMid:7068680>, Frater et al. (2018)Frater J., Lie D., Bartlett P. & McGrath J.J. 2018. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) as a marker of cognitive decline in normal ageing: a review. Ageing Res. Rev. 42:14-27. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2017.12.002> <PMid:29233786> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2017.12.00...
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