Horses fed meal contaminated with mycotoxins performing short-term exercises

Braga, Auro César; Almeida, Fernando Q.; Silva, Vinicius P.; Almeida, Maria I.V.; Keller, Kelly M.; Diegues, Vinícius A.; Thomes, Freddy R.; Rosa, Carlos A.R.

doi:10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-6220

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Animal Morphophysiology • Pesq. Vet. Bras. 40 (9) • Sept 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-6220 copy

Horses fed meal contaminated with mycotoxins performing short-term exercises

Efeitos das micotoxinas na performance de equinos submetidos a exercícios de curta duração

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of mycotoxins on the performance of horses through physiological parameters, and hematology and serum biochemistry analyses. The essay lasted 40 days, with 12 days for adaptation and 28 days of experimentation. In the experimental stage, the horses were distributed in a completely randomized design, with three treatments with four animals each. The treatments used were 0 (control), 50 ppb and 100 ppb of Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) added to a concentrate in a basal diet. The basal diet contained mycotoxins from feedstuffs naturally contaminated. The exercise test was performed over the 21th day of the experimental stage. The exercise consisted in an interval training test with a warm-up of 17 mins at a trot followed by three gallops of 450m/min. The heart rate was monitored between the gallops. Before the exercise test and immediately after the third gallop, the physiological and blood parameters were evaluated, and continued up to 48 hours after the exercise. The results of the physiological, hematological and biochemical parameters were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and compared by the Tukey test at 5% of significance. The presence of AFB₁ in the diet influenced the alkaline phosphatase activity, which presented higher values in horses fed diet with inclusion of 100 ppb AFB₁, suggesting a hepatotoxic activity associated with the others mycotoxins naturally present in the feedstuffs.

INDEX TERMS:
Horses; contaminated meal; short-term exercises; alkaline phosphatase; exercise; mycotoxins; morphology

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[1] *Corresponding author: auro_vet@hotmail.com

Diet Components		Treatments
Diet Components		T I (Control)	T II (50 ppb AFB₁)	T III (100 ppb AFB₁)
Tifton hay/Alfalfa (g)		7.400	6.900	6.600
Commercial concentrate (g)		4.000	4.000	4.000
Mycotoxin concentration (μg)
	Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁)	0	50	100
	Zearalenone (ZEA)	2.758,1	2.687,5	2.655,2
	Deoxynivalenol (DON)	21.564,7	20.689,9	20.289
	Fumonisins B₁ (FB₁)	2.240	2.240	2.240
Total (g)		11.400	10.900	10.600

Variables		T I (Control)		T II (50 ppb AFB1)		T III (100 ppb AFB1)
Variables		Kg DM	Kg BW	Kg DM	Kg BW	Kg DM	Kg BW
Mycotoxins intake (μg)	AFB1	0	0	4.6	0.1	9.4	0.2
	ZEA	241.1	6.1	246.7	5.7	249.3	5.9
	DON	1885.1	47.6	1899.1	43.9	1904.7	45.3
	FB1	195.8	4.9	205.6	4.8	210.3	5.0

Variable	Average	CV (%)	Interactions (P Value)
Variable	Average	CV (%)	AFB₁	Time	AFB₁ X Time
Respiratory rate (mov/min)	13.3	21.5	NS	0.0000	NS
Heart rate (beat/min)	66.9	16.0	NS	0.0000	NS

Variable	Average	CV (%)	Interactions (P Value)			Reference values
Variable	Average	CV (%)	AFB₁	Time	AFB₁ X Time	Reference values
Globular Volume (%)	39.8	5.5	NS	0.0000	0.1709	38-42^A
Total protein (gdL^-1)	6.2	16.8	NS	0.0003	NS	5.2-7.9^C
Albumins (g dL^-1)	2.4	17.1	NS	0.0001	0.2319	2.6-3.7^C
Cholesterol (mg dL^-1)	97.4	16.1	NS	0.0014	0.4034	75-150^B
Urea (mg dL^-1)	33.4	10.4	NS	0.0000	0.4247	24-48^A
Creatinine (mg dL^-1)	0.74	10.5	NS	0.0000	NS	1.1-1.8^A
GGT (U L^-1)	7.8	38.5	NS	0.0000	0.1161	4.3-13^E
AST (U L^-1)	271.3	16.3	0.0671	0.0000	0.1279	150-400^A
CK (U L^-1)	323.7	27.8	0.3226	0.0000	NS	100-300^A
LDH (U L^-1)	936.3	36.5	0.2882	0.000	NS	162-412^C
ALP (U L^-1)	61.4	18.5	0.0227	0.3679	0.3625	100-500^D
Glucose (mg dL^-1)	74.8	20.2	NS	0.0000	NS	70-140^A
Lactate (mmol L^-1)	1.8	19.6	0.927	0.0000	NS	1,1-1,8^F

Variable	Exercise test evaluation times				CV (%)
Variable	Pre-exercise	Immediately after the exercise test	10 min	20 min	CV (%)
Globular volume (%)	34.2^D	47.6^A	39.9^B	37.4^C	5.5
Total protein (g dL^-1)	4.9^B	7.0^A	6.6^A	6.4^A	16.8
Albumins (g dL^-1)	1.9^B	2.8^A	2.5^A	2.6^A	17.1
Cholesterol (mg dL^-1)	81.4^B	109.5^A	96.7^AB	101.8^A	16.1

Variable	Exercise test evaluation times										CV %
Variable	MO	M1	M2	M3	M4	M5	M6	M7	M8	M9	CV %
CK (UL^-1)	328.4^BC	288.5^C	343.3^BC	484.2^A	399.9^AB	296.5^C	308.7^BC	139.7^D	-	-	27.8
AST (UL^-1)	291.7^ABC	326.6^A	245.6^CD	255.9^BCD	268.6^ABC	209.2^D	292.3^ABC	311.4^AB	304.2^ABC	207.5^D	16.4
LDH (UL^-1)	932.0^ABC	750.2^BC	733.9^BC	693.9^C	1169.8^AB	806.2^ABC	938.7^ABC	1257.4^A	1156.5^A	823.9^ABC	36.5
GGT (UL^-1)	6.2^CD	7.2^BCD	7.2^BCD	6.2^CD	9.6^AB	7.8^BC	7.3^BCD	9.7^AB	11.8^A	5.0^D	38.5

Treatment	Exercise test evaluation times				Average	Interactions (P Value)
Treatment	M0	M1	M2	M3	Average	AFB₁	Time	AFB₁ time
T I (Control)	65.3	49.8	44.5	47.5	51.8^B	0.0227	0.3679	0.3625
T II (50 ppb AFB₁)	55.5	56.5	59.0	54.0	56.3^AB
T III (100 ppb AFB₁)	75.8	82.5	75.0	72.0	76.3^A

Variable	Exercise test evaluation times										CV%
Variable	MO	M1	M2	M3	M4	M5	M6	M7	M8	M9	CV%
Urea (mg dL^-1)	37.5^AB	36.2^BC	28.8^EF	30.0^DEF	32.1^AB	30.2^DEF	33.4^BCD	37.1^AB	42.6^A	26.2^F	10.4
Creatinine (mg dL^-1)	1.4^A	0.7^B	0.7^B	0.7^B	0.5^D	0.6^CD	0.7^B	0.8^B	0.7^BC	0.5^D	10.5

Variable	Exercise test evaluation times										CV %
Variable	M0	M1	M2	M3	M4	M5	M5	M7	M8	M9	CV %
Glucose (mg dL^-1)	99.0^A	57.3^E	66.2^DE	67.83^DE	76.2^ABCD	63.6^DE	71.4^BCDE	89.6^AB	87.9^ABC	68.6^CDE	20.2
Lactate (mmol dL^-1)	0.92^C	3.2^A	1.77^B	1.76^B	1.48^B	1.43^B	1.76^B	-	-	-	19.6