Silva, Alonso P.; Mendonça, Carla L.; Souto, Rodolfo José C.; Silva, Rafael J.; Soares, Pierre C.; Afonso, José Augusto B.

doi:10.1590/S0100-736X2017001100007

ABSTRACT:

This study aimed to identify some biochemical and hormonal indicators during late pregnancy and early lactation from healthy dairy cows crossbred compared with those who had some type of clinical disorder throughout the experiment. Therefore, we used 39 Crossbred dairy cows (Holstein x Gyr), divided into two groups, the first (G1) with 22 healthy animals and the second (G2) with 17 cows showed some disease (retained placenta, endometritis, mastitis, foot rot and maternal dystocia). The experiment took place from collections made in the period -60, -40, -20, -10 days before delivery, 0 (parturition day), and +10, +20, +40, +60 days postpartum. We analyzed energy metabolites (glucose, fructosamine, NEFA and β-hydroxybutyrate), hormone (insulin and cortisol), protein (total protein, albumin, globulin and urea) and minerals (CaT, P, Mg, K, Na and Cl). The variables studied were interpreted by analysis of variance at 5% probability. Analyzing the energetic profile, there was a greater mobilization in G2 during childbirth, through the lower fructosamine and glucose values, besides higher concentrations of Agnes and β-hydroxybutyrate. The behavior of the hormones insulin and cortisol was similar, noting only effect of time, whose higher levels occurred on the day of delivery. The protein profile revealed by total protein only time effect in their lowest values were recorded on the day of delivery, however, albumin G2 was lower than the G1 at all times, since the G2 globulin were higher than the group of otherwise healthy cows and urea showed higher concentrations in G1. With respect to the total mineral calcium, magnesium and chlorine showed lower levels from the initial period of the collections in G2. It follows that these metabolites studied early signal nutritional deficiency during late pregnancy, reflecting the transition period, and compromising the adjustment mechanism for cows, thereby increasing the risks to higher incidence of disease.

INDEX TERMS:
Biochemical inficators; hormonal indicators; dairy cows; pregnancy; lactation; eEnergy; metabolism; transition period; protein; retained placenta

[1] *Autor para correspondência: alonsopsfilho@yahoo.com.br

Parâmetros	Grupos	Momentos experimentais
Parâmetros	Grupos	-60 dias	-40 dias	-20 dias	-10 dias	0 (Parto)	+10 dias	+20 dias	+40 dias	+60 dias	MG
Glicose (mg/dL)	G1	50,40±7,7^bcA	55,00±7,1^cA	53,40±5,5^bcA	52,50±6,1^bcA	75,40±23,5^aA	43,80±7,8^bcA	42,20±5,0^bA	42,00±7,4^bA	42,10±8,7^bA	50,8
	G2	51,22±7,3^bcA	53,00±6,0^cA	48,80±10,2^bcA	44,50±11,4^bcB	65,13±10,20^aA	48,80±7,4^bcA	43,40±6,2^bA	44,50±8,8^bcA	44,00±5,9^bcA	49,3
	MG	50,8	54,0	51,1	48,5	70,3	46,3	42,8	43,3	43,1
Frutosamina (µmol/L)	G1	224,70±11,8^abA	235,50±20,0^abA	239,70±17,9^aA	230,40±14,6^abA	241,70±20,1^aA	227,90±12,9^abA	220,20±13,8^bA	225,60±20,2^abA	218,10±10,2^bA	229,31
	G2	233,40±22,2^aA	233,30±18,7^aA	220,60±20,2^aB	212,80±28,8^acB	221,20±23,5^acB	184,60±21,9^bB	186,00±14,9^bB	196,60±14,2^bcB	188,40±14,3^bB	208,54
	MG	229,05	234,40	230,15	221,60	231,45	206,25	203,10	211,10	203,25
AGNEs (mmol/L)	G1	0,79±0,21^aA	1,25±0,47^aB	0,66±0,38^bA	0,70±0,44^bA	0,78±0,32^aA	0,62±0,36^bA	0,80±0,50^aA	0,55±0,39^bA	0,45±0,18^bA	0,73
	G2	0,95±0,38^aA	0,92±0,40^aA	1,03±0,47^aB	0,60±0,32^aA	0,81±0,29^aA	0,75±0,45^aA	0,74±0,50^aA	0,60±0,43^aA	0,56±0,38^aA	0,77
	MG	0,87	1,09	0,85	0,65	0,80	0,69	0,77	0,58	0,51
BETA (mg/dL)	G1	0,45±0,15^abcA	0,56±0,21^aA	0,50±0,13^aA	0,47±0,10^abcA	0,46±0,18^abcA	0,36±0,11^bA	0,35±0,10^bA	0,34±0,11^bcA	0,40±0,09^bA	0,43
	G2	0,46±0,15^bA	0,60±0,12^aA	0,55±0,20^acA	0,56±0,17^acA	0,65±0,20^aB	0,37±0,09^bA	0,38±0,10^bA	0,41±0,13^bcA	0,38±0,11^bA	0,48
	MG	0,46	0,58	0,53	0,52	0,56	0,37	0,38	0,38	0,39
Cortisol (nmol/L)	G1	20,40±12,0^bA	29,31±17,2^bA	38,60±32,3^bA	29,02±16,8^bA	94,70±23,9^aA	32,50±24,4^bA	24,40±17,7^bA	43,30±23,2^bA	47,80±20,5^bA	38,5
	G2	28,70±19,1^bA	29,70±24,6^bA	29,20±20,0^bA	26,10±14,5^bA	92,90±34,5^aA	26,90±26,3^bA	34,90±29,4^bA	39,06±19,9^bA	30,40±20,8^bA	34,8
	MG	24,6	29,5	33,9	27,6	93,8	32,5	29,7	41,2	39,1
Insulina (pmol/L)	G1	6,30±2,0^bA	6,15±2,9^bA	6,94±2,4^bA	6,88±2,9^bA	16,66±10,99^aA	5,60±2,3^bA	7,20±2,7^bA	7,30±1,9^bA	6,98±4,0^bA	7,88
	G2	5,70±2,0^bA	7,00±3,7^bA	6,10±1,9^bA	6,90±2,8^bA	13,70±9,2^aA	4,90±2,3^bA	7,40±2,9^bA	7,70±2,6^bA	6,40±3,3^bA	7,31
	MG	6,00	6,57	6,52	6,89	15,18	5,25	7,30	7,50	6,69
PT (mg/dL)	G1	8,40±0,80^aA	8,40±1,05^aA	8,30±1,2^aA	7,70±0,98^bA	7,10±0,80^bA	7,30±0,9^bA	7,90±0,90^abA	8,50±0,80^aA	8,80±0,84^aA	8,00
	G2	7,9±1,0^acA	8,20±0,85^aA	8,50±0,67^aA	8,20±0,80^aA	6,90±0,7^bA	7,50±0,7^bcA	7,50±0,6^bcA	8,50±0,6^aA	8,70±0,7^aA	7,99
	MG	8,15	8,30	8,40	7,95	7,00	7,40	7,70	8,50	8,75
Albumina (mg/dL)	G1	2,85±0,12^abB	2,90±0,19^aB	2,89±0,36^aB	2,70±0,31^aB	2,80±0,46^aB	2,50±0,3^bB	2,60±0,33^abB	2,60±0,3^abB	2,60±0,35^abA	2,71
	G2	2,50±0,19^acA	2,50±0,16^acA	2,54±0,20^acA	2,60±0,16^aA	2,30±0,20^bcA	1,90±0,20^bA	2,00±0,26^bA	2,30±0,27^bcA	2,45±0,21^aA	2,34
	MG	2,68	2,70	2,72	2,65	2,55	2,20	2,30	2,45	2,53
Globulina (mg/dL)	G1	5,54±0,82^baA	5,44±1,08^baA	5,39±1,22 ^baA	4,79±1,23^baA	4,33±1,01^bA	4,82±0,95^baA	5,33±0,98^baA	5,81±1,01^aA	5,81±1,54^aA	5,25
	G2	5,40±1,01^bcA	5,70±0,81^cA	5,96±0,65 ^acA	5,64±0,78^cB	4,57±0,72^bA	5,60±0,76^cB	5,47±0,49^cA	6,57±0,53^aB	6,26±0,74^acA	5,69
	MG	5,47	5,57	5,68	5,22	4,45	5,21	5,40	6,19	6,04
Relação (A/G)	G1	0,51	0,53	0,53	0,56	0,65	0,51	0,49	0,44	0,45
Relação (A/G)	G2	0,46	0,44	0,43	0,46	0,50	0,33	0,36	0,35	0,39
Ureia (mg/dL)	G1	33,00±14,1^aA	37,10±11,35^aA	39,50±11,80^aA	36,50±13,8^aB	37,80±8,1^aA	34,70±10,3^aA	30,80±15,10^aA	32,20±17,3^aA	28,80±14,8^aA	34,49
	G2	39,40±12,7^abA	38,10±11,5^abA	33,00±11,3^abA	23,80±10,5^bA	32,60±9,5^aA	30,10±9,6^abA	27,70±12,0^abA	35,80±12,5^aA	30,50±13,5^aA	32,33
	MG	36,20	37,60	36,25	30,15	35,20	32,40	29,25	34,00	29,65

Parâmetros	Grupos	Momentos experimentais
Parâmetros	Grupos	60 dias AP	-40 dias	-20 dias	-10 dias	0 (Parto)	+10 dias	+20 dias	+40 dias	+60 dias	MGDM*
Ca T (mg/dL)	G1	9,40±0,60^aA	9,40±0,73^aA	9,10±1,0^acA	9,20±1,0^aA	8,00±1,12^bA	8,30±0,84^bcA	8,20±0,50^bA	8,10±0,55^bA	8,21± 0,80^bA	8,7
	G2	8,95±0,70^aA	8,73±0,58^aB	8,40±0,98^acB	8,44±0,58^acB	7,50±0,90^bA	7,60±0,63^bcB	7,90±0,73^bcA	7,76±0,71^bcA	8,20±0,72^abcA	8,2
	MG	9,18	9,07	8,75	8,82	7,75	7,95	8,05	7,93	8,21
P (mg/dL)	G1	6,30±0,82^abcA	7,30±1,22^aA	6,95±1,64^abcA	7,22±1,44^acA	5,80±1,71^bA	5,90±1,06^bcA	5,63±1,08^bB	5,70±0,57^bB	6,10±0,68^abcB	6,32
	G2	6,73±0,98^aA	7,20±1,15^aA	6,90±1,15^aA	6,20±1,04^aA	6,10±1,8^aA	5,80±1,16^bA	6,50±0,94^aA	6,60±1,41^aA	6,91±1,3^aA	6,55
	MG	6,52	7,25	6,93	6,71	5,95	5,85	6,07	6,15	6,51
Mg (mg/dL)	G1	2,31±0,27^aA	2,30±0,20^aA	2,35±0,21^aA	2,40±0,26^aA	2,61±0,52^aA	2,51±0,42^aA	2,56±0,50^aA	2,51±0,48^aA	2,50±0,44^aA	2,45
	G2	2,24±0,32^abcA	1,91±0,15^bB	2,00±0,3^bB	1,85±0,26^bB	2,02±0,35^bB	1,90±0,46^bcB	2,30±0,32^acA	2,50±0,37^acA	2,40±0,41^acA	2,12
	MG	2,28	2,11	2,18	2,13	2,32	2,21	2,43	2,51	2,45
K (mmol/L)	G1	4,50±0,28^aA	4,59±0,22^aA	4,50±0,25^aA	4,43±0,35^aA	4,51±0,28^aA	4,30±0,23^aA	4,42±0,23^aA	4,30±0,24^aA	4,34±0,34^aA	4,43
	G2	4,60±0,15^aA	4,62±0,24^aA	4,43±0,52^aA	4,50±0,12^aA	4,60±0,50^aA	4,31±0,25^aA	4,60±0,34^aA	4,40±0,18^aA	4,39±0,40^aA	4,49
	MG	4,55	4,61	4,47	4,47	4,56	4,31	4,51	4,35	4,37
Na (mmol/L)	G1	139,35±2,50^acA	140,62±1,82^acA	140,26±3,26^acA	141,21±3,35^aA	141,95±3,05^aA	137,56±1,96^bcA	138,68±2,38^bcA	138,25±3,67^bcA	142,61±4,17^aA	140,05
	G2	142,83±5,15^abA	139,80±2,80^bA	138,30±4,97^bA	140,18±2,40^abA	148,10±15,18^aA	139,28±6,18^bA	140,72±4,78^abA	139,33±4,48^bA	139,41±6,90^bA	140,88
	MG	141,09	140,21	139,28	140,70	145,03	138,42	139,70	138,79	141,01
Cl (mE/L)	G1	105,85±3,65^bA	108,60±6,77^abA	112,51±7,49^aA	113,05±6,39^aA	113,35±4,40^aA	109,32±7,64^abA	108,10±5,10^abA	109,00±5,41^abA	105,77±5,45^bA	109,51
	G2	103,45±3,32^abA	106,13±4,94^aA	107,04±2,96^aB	107,61±2,66^aB	107,04±4,89^aB	104,12±3,37^abB	104,17±2,98^abB	101,53±2,19^bB	101,73±3,92^bB	104,76
	MG	104,65	107,37	109,78	110,33	110,20	106,72	106,14	105,27	103,75

Índices	Albumina	Cortisol	Glicose	AGNEs
Cálcio Total	0,81
Insulina		0,94	0,83
Cortisol			0,76
Ureia			0,69
Frutosamina			0,82
BHB				0,67

Índices	Albumina	Cortisol	Glicose
Cálcio Total	0,71
Insulina		0,97	0,73
Cortisol			0,81

Brasil

Brasil

Biochemical and hormonal indicators from healthy and sickly crossbred dairy cows during late pregnancy and early lactation

ABSTRACT: