Assessment of serum lactate levels, blood glucose values and blood gas values in sheep, newborn lambs and placenta

Silva, Leticia Peternelli; Lourenço, Maria L.G.; Paula, Renata A.; Verdugo, Mirela R.; Pereira, Keylla H.N.P.; Chiacchio, Simone B.

doi:10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-5689

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MORPHOPHYSIOLOGY • Pesq. Vet. Bras. 38 (09) • Sept 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-5689 copy

Assessment of serum lactate levels, blood glucose values and blood gas values in sheep, newborn lambs and placenta

Avaliação da concentração de lactato sérico, glicemia e hemogasometria de ovelhas, cordeiros recém-nascidos e placenta

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Newborn animals, in the fetal-to-neonatal transition, usually face several challenges in their first 24 hours, including issues with acid-base balance, glycemic levels and oxygenation. Difficulties to overcome such issues have caused several deaths among newborns. Therefore, studies have been carried out in order to evaluate them. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation between the serum lactate level in the mother, in the placenta and in the newborn. Moreover, the study measured the lactate level, blood glucose level and blood gas level in the first 24 hours. Tests were carried out right after birth, and at 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours after. Lactate levels were quite similar to the placental levels (p=0.991) which, in turn, were significantly different from the mother’s (p=0.011). Results showed that, shortly after birth, the production of lactate in the placenta is part of the issue. Along the first 24 hours, the study observed a reduction of the levels of lactate in newborns; the levels were closer to the normal index levels for the species. Regarding the blood gas test results, we observed mild metabolic acidosis at birth; acid-base balance was completely stable at the end of the period.

INDEX TERMS:
Serum lactate; blood glucose; blood gas; sheep; newborn; lambs; placenta; ewes; lactate; physiology

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[1] *Corresponding author: mege@fmvz.unesp.br

	Ewes	Placenta	Neonates
Lactate	3.092±1.391^a	5.777±3.032^b	5.892±2.211^b	Birth
			5.477±2.188^b	4 hours
			4.992±1.854^ab	8 hours
			4.831±1.759 ^ab	12 hours
		3.800±3.450 ^ab	24 hours

	Lactate (mMol/L)
	Average±DP	Minimum	Maximum	Reference
Birth	5.671±1.995^a	2.9	9.6	< 4
4 hours	5.618±1.939^ab	2.7	11.1	(Comline & Silver 1971Comline R.S. & Silver M. 1971. Catecholamine secretion by the adrenal medula of the foetal and newborn foal. J. Physiol. 216(3):659-682. PMID: 5565643.)
8 hours	5.118±1.700^ab	2.5	8.5
12 hours	4.718±1.559^bc	2.6	8.7
24 hours	4.282±0.9322^c	2.9	6

	Ewes	Placenta	Neonates
Glucose	131,727±38,936^a	33,364±32,346^b	47,545±23,390^b	Birth
			107,091±46,773^a	4 hours
			118,545±75,717^a	8 hours
			110,000±42,953^a	12 hours
		102,273±21,546^a	24 hours

Variable	Birth	4 hours	8 hours	12 hours	24 hours	Reference
pH	7.381±0.07051^a	7.494±0.1641^bc	7.452±0.06269^ab	7.456±0.08879^ab	7.501±0.07628^b	7.33±0.04 (Vannucchi et al. 2012Vannucchi C.I., Rodrigues J.A., Silva L.C.G., Lúcio C.F. & Veiga G.A.L. 2012. A clinical and hemogasometric survey of neonatal lambs. Small Rumin. Res. 108(1/3):107-112. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.05.013> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.20... )
BE (mEq/L)	-4.294±3.965^a	-1.176±4.461^ab	-1.471±3.044^ab	0.235±4.280^bc	4.118±4.781^c	- 4 a 4 (Rodrigues et al. 2007Rodrigues J.A., Veiga G.A.L., Silva L.C., Lúcio C.F. & Vannuchi C.I. 2007. Avaliação por escore APGAR, temperatura e hemogasometria arterial em neonatos da espécie ovina. Anais do XVII Congresso Brasileiro de Reprodução Animal, Curitiba, PR, p.23.)
Bicarbonate (mEq/L)	20.759±3.477^a	22.171±2.708^ab	22.494±2.588^ab	24.135±3.504^bc	27.247±3.904^c	23.88±2.17 (Vannucchi et al. 2012Vannucchi C.I., Rodrigues J.A., Silva L.C.G., Lúcio C.F. & Veiga G.A.L. 2012. A clinical and hemogasometric survey of neonatal lambs. Small Rumin. Res. 108(1/3):107-112. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.05.013> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.20... )
PCO₂ (mmHg)	35.235±7.340	30.141±9.051	32.406±5.569	34.541±6.556	34.794±4.416	45.2±4.7 (Vannucchi et al. 2012Vannucchi C.I., Rodrigues J.A., Silva L.C.G., Lúcio C.F. & Veiga G.A.L. 2012. A clinical and hemogasometric survey of neonatal lambs. Small Rumin. Res. 108(1/3):107-112. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.05.013> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.20... )
PO₂ (mmHg)	100.47±54.980	108.06±51.492	84.765±56.148	65.059±40.512	61.235±38.276	46.0±11.8 (Vannucchi et al. 2012Vannucchi C.I., Rodrigues J.A., Silva L.C.G., Lúcio C.F. & Veiga G.A.L. 2012. A clinical and hemogasometric survey of neonatal lambs. Small Rumin. Res. 108(1/3):107-112. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.05.013> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.20... )
TCO₂ (mEq/L)	22.000±3.571^a	23.059±2.727^a	23.471±2.625^a	25.000±3.518^ab	28.294±3.837^b	24.0±1.98 (Vannucchi et al. 2012Vannucchi C.I., Rodrigues J.A., Silva L.C.G., Lúcio C.F. & Veiga G.A.L. 2012. A clinical and hemogasometric survey of neonatal lambs. Small Rumin. Res. 108(1/3):107-112. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.05.013> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.20... )
SO₂ (%)	91.706±9.828	90.412±16.767	86.059±15.332	81.706±17.581	80.647±18.695	59.83±10.85 (Feitosa et al. 2011Feitosa F.L.F., Perri S.H.V., Bovino F., Mendes L.C.N., Peiró J.P., Gasparelli E.R. & Camargo D.G. 2011. Avaliação da vitalidade de bezerros nelores nascidos de partos normais ou distócicos. Ars Vet. 27(3):1-7.)
Na (mEq/L)	145.000±2.669^ab	146.000±2.550^ab	146.588±2.265^a	146.471±2.918^ab	144.765±2.658^b	147.5±1.51 (Vannucchi et al. 2012Vannucchi C.I., Rodrigues J.A., Silva L.C.G., Lúcio C.F. & Veiga G.A.L. 2012. A clinical and hemogasometric survey of neonatal lambs. Small Rumin. Res. 108(1/3):107-112. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.05.013> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.20... )
K (mEq/L)	4.465±0.335	4.665±0.841	4.594±0.715	4.688±0.681	4.735±0.552	4.2±0.61 (Vannucchi et al. 2012Vannucchi C.I., Rodrigues J.A., Silva L.C.G., Lúcio C.F. & Veiga G.A.L. 2012. A clinical and hemogasometric survey of neonatal lambs. Small Rumin. Res. 108(1/3):107-112. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.05.013> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.20... )
VG (%)	38.000±5.025^a	36.588±3.890^abc	36.235±4.521^ab	35.647±3.904^bc	34.176±3.957^c	33.72±0.6 (Gama et al. 2007Gama S.M.S., Matos J.R., Zacharias F., Chaves Filho R.M., Guimarães J.E., Bittencourt T.C.B.S.C. & Ayres M.C.C. 2007. Dinâmica do eritrograma de cordeiros, resultantes do cruzamento entre animais de raças nativas criadas no Nordeste e a raça Dorper, desde o nascimento até os seis meses de idade. Revta Bras. Saúde Prod. Anim. 8:11-23.)
Hb (g/dL)	12.906±1.702^a	12.441±1.337^abc	12.324±1.535^ab	12.118±1.334^bc	11.618±1.334^c	12.9 (Gama et al. 2007Gama S.M.S., Matos J.R., Zacharias F., Chaves Filho R.M., Guimarães J.E., Bittencourt T.C.B.S.C. & Ayres M.C.C. 2007. Dinâmica do eritrograma de cordeiros, resultantes do cruzamento entre animais de raças nativas criadas no Nordeste e a raça Dorper, desde o nascimento até os seis meses de idade. Revta Bras. Saúde Prod. Anim. 8:11-23.)