Biochemical responses, blood gas, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation of goats transfused with fresh or stored whole homologous blood

Fonseca, Nayanna B.S.; Gameleira, Jucélio S.; Cavalcante, Jerson M.; Oliveira, Francisco L.C.; Mori, Clara S.; Sousa, Rejane S.; Minervino, Antonio H.H.; A. Barrêto-Júnior, Raimundo

doi:10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-5491

ABSTRACT:

Blood transfusion is a therapeutic procedure of great importance for veterinary medicine, in spite of only few studies in the literature on hemotherapy in goats. We aimed to evaluate the biochemical, blood gas, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation of goats submitted to homologous transfusion of fresh whole blood or stored for 15 and 35 days. Eighteen adult male goats were submitted to a single phlebotomy to remove 30% of the blood volume, and we transfused 20mL/kg of whole blood stored in CPDA-1 bags according to the experimental group, being: G0 composed goats who received fresh blood, G15 and G35 goats that received blood stored for 15 and 35 days, respectively. For the biochemical evaluation, blood gas, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, blood samples were collected at the following moments: before the induction of anemia (TC0); 6 hours after phlebotomy and before transfusion (TC1); 1, 6, 12, 24 and 96 hours after transfusion (T1, T6, T12, T24 and T96 respectively); 8, 16 and 32 days after transfusion (T8d, T16d and T32d respectively). Before transfusion, blood samples were also withdrawn from the bags for the same analyzes. Statistical analyzes were performed in the statistical program GRAPHPAD PRISM 5.0, adopting a significance level of 5%. The bags of blood stored for 15 and 35 days showed more biochemical changes, blood gas, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation than fresh blood bags. As for the biochemical analysis, after the transfusion was observed an increase of the total protein, albumin, glucose and creatine kinase in the 3 groups, and elevation of total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and urea in G15 and G35. The changes observed in the blood gas analysis had no clinical significance, as they were within the reference values for the species. The goats that received stored blood showed disorder in their antioxidant system through alteration of the SOD activity. In the analysis of lipid peroxidation no difference between the groups for the concentration of malondialdehyde was found. Thus, it can be concluded that transfusion of whole fresh stored blood in goats did not compromise the blood gases, lipid peroxidation and liver and renal functions of the transfused animals. In addition, the method was proved to be efficient to restore, among other components, the total protein and albumin. The transfusion, as performed in this study, proved to be safe for used in the clinical practice of goats.

INDEX TERMS:
Blood gas stress; oxidative stress; lipid peroxidation; goats; hemotherapy; blood transfusion; biochemistry; hemogasometry; clinics

[1] *Corresponding author: nayanna_brunna@yahoo.com.br

Variables		Blood bags (CPDA-1)
Variables		B0 (X±S)	B15 (X±S)	B35 (X±S)
Biochemistry	Sodium (mmol/L)	159.00±3.03	155.00±8.07	148.00±15.85
	Potassium (mmol/L)	3.25±0.30^B	8.05±1.76^A	8.78±1.41^A
	Glucose (mmol/L)	31.43±3.21^A	27.63±2.68^B	27.90±1.08^AB
	Lactate (mmol/L)	3.01±0.54^B	5.04±1.16^B	8.40±3.64^A
	LDH (U/L)	246.27±60.46^C	441.33±65.54^A	355.58±40.61^B
	Total protein (g/L)	55.08±4.25	55.70±1.98	57.63±3.75
	Albumin (g/L)	27.33±1.51	27.00±1.67	26.50±2.66
Blood gas	pH	7.01±0.08^A	6.89±0.06^B	6.88±0.08^B
	pCO₂ (mmHg)	78.78±6.41^B	93.13±5.85^A	85.02±8.22^B
	pO₂ (mmHg)	42.67±4.55^B	44.50±4.64^B	121.17±40.54^A
	SO₂ (%)	53.00±8.15^B	47.00±6.03^B	90.50±7.31^A
	TCO₂ (mmol/L)	22.67±3.33	21.33±1.97	18.67± 3.61
	HCO₃^- (mmol/L)	20.35±3.74	18.35±1.95	16.13±3.43
	BE (mmol/L)	-10.83±4.36	-14.67±2.88	-17.17±4.83
Oxidative stress	SOD (U/g Hb)	3331.48±466.30^A	4350.23±957.11^A	1948.14±777.62^B
Oxidative stress	GPx (U/g Hb)	540.93±202.42	519.22±104.71	359.63±108.04
Lipid peroxidation	MDA (µmol/L)	0.83±0.19^B	1.06 ±0.28^B	1.48±0.35^A

Variables	G	Time
Variables	G	TC0 (X±S)	TC1 (X±S)	T1 (X±S)	T6 (X±S)	T12 (X±S)	T24 (X±S)	T96 (X±S)	T8d (X±S)	T16d (X±S)	T32d (X±S)
Total protein (g/L)	G0	66.17±4.18	53.13±3.94^b¥	58.45±5.71^a¥	61.22±5.27^a	61.22±3.76^a	60.50±2.57^a¥	61.48±2.48^a	62.45±2.26^a	65.68±3.77^a	65.92±3.73^a
	G15	61.27±1.72	49.92±2.38^b¥	53.93±2.84^b¥	55.98±2.58^a	55.68±2.91^a¥	55.80±2.76^a¥	58.25±2.77^a	60.47±4.74^a	61.92±4.14^a	67.60±4.51^a¥
	G35	66.77±4.17	53.30±3.42^b¥	57.85±5.37^b¥	60.27±3.21^a¥	60.13±2.98^a¥	59.17±2.31^a¥	61.07±2.44^a¥	61.50±2.24^a	61.60±5.01^a	64.20±6.31^a
Albumin (g/L)	G0	32.33±1.37^AB	27.83±1.17^b¥	29.67±1.97^a	31.00±1.79^Ab	30.50±1.05^Ab	30.67±1.03^Ab	30.50±0.55^Ab	30.67±0.82^b	31.67±0.82^Aa	28.75±2.67^b
	G15	30.33±1.63^B	25.83±1.72^b¥	27.83±1.33^b	28.17±1.72^Bb	27.83±0.98^Bb	27.83±0.98^Bb	28.00±0.63^Bb	28.33±1.75^b	27.50±2.74^Bb	28.73±2.42^a
	G35	32.67±3.61^A	28.00±1.26^¥	29.50±1.76^¥	30.33±1.21^AB	30.00±1.41^AB	29.67±1.51^AB¥	30.17±1.83^AB	29.67±1.37^¥	29.00±1.26^B¥	28.17±1.94^¥
Total bil. (µmol/L)	G0	9.21±14.15^B	6.70±11.67^B	8.41±9.88^B	8.38±11.39^B	8.41±10.87^B	8.09±10.21^B	6.75±10.97^B	9.29±9.14	8.46±9.11	6.84±8.35
	G15	25.71±6.71^A	21.40±5.92^Aa¥	22.60±4.82^Aa	22.86±4.91^Aa	22.57±4.18^Aa	21.20±5.02^Aa¥	21.18±4.38^Aa¥	20.75±4.74^a¥	18.24±4.96^a¥	14.42±5.71^b¥
	G35	25.85±14.04^A	19.67±10.07^Aa¥	18.21±8.13^ABa¥	20.09±8.82^ABa¥	19.78±7.99^ABa¥	19.69±8.80^ABa¥	18.67±7.46^Aa¥	19.72±8.96^a¥	16.10±7.35^a¥	11.97±4.46^b¥
Direct bil. (µmol/L)	G0	3.39±6.41^B	2.34±5.31^B	3.11±5.40^B	2.59±4.70^B	3.31±5.76^B	2.91±5.62^B	3.45±5.92^B	4.05±5.78^B	4.36±5.31^B	3.31±2.64
	G15	16.90±3.55^A	13.48±2.39^Aa¥	12.80±1.36^Aa¥	14.79±1.95^Aa	14.05±1.80^Aa	13.79±3.08^Aa¥	14.19±1.14^Aa	13.25±2.01^Aa¥	11.26±2.44^Aa¥	5.67±1.70^b¥
	G35	14.02±8.44^A	11.17±6.31^A	10.46±5.57^A¥	11.60±5.65^A	12.34±5.78^A	11.97±6.01^A	10.20±5.03^A¥	11.34±5.65^A	9.72±4.30^AB¥	8.69±4.62^¥
CK (U/L)	G0	33.13±7.56	45.30±21.33^b	195.68±188.69^b¥	198.92±167.10^a¥	101.07±73.27^b	41.50±11.71^b	57.40±38.90^b	37.95±12.82^b	43.63±16.46^b	45.47±14.36^b
	G15	59.78±27.65	61.80±16.85	125.55±55.10	140.52±97.42	115.13±80.12	78.37±39.26	74.72±43.40	72.07±49.14	58.47±35.18	47.93±5.27
	G35	85.57±55.04	75.38±27.65	191.03±165.47	220.53±285.51	95.87±58.00	52.47±15.46	59.27±17.34	69.93±52.39	53.48±19.38	54.12±22.49
Glucose (mmol/L)	G0	4.00±0.20	4.83±0.70^b	8.16±3.41^a¥	4.75±0.74^b	4.35±0.73^b	3.76±0.52^b	2.93±1.26^b	3.21±1.37^b	3.81±0.51^b	3.72±0.37^b
	G15	4.06±0.43	5.94±1.94^a	7.92±0.92^a¥	4.15±0.53^a	4.32±0.52^a	3.78±0.44^b	4.23±0.44^a	4.11±0.43^a	3.98±0.66^a	3.07±0.24^b
	G35	3.60±0.42	4.46±0.77^b	8.80±3.72^a¥	3.89±0.45^b	3.95±0.45^b	3.59±0.36^b	3.50±0.17^b	3.22±0.32^b	3.59±0.50^b	3.90±0.46^b
Lactate (mmol/L)	G0	1.67±0.63	1.75±0.46	2.19±0.37	1.90±0.75	1.36±0.49	1.44±1.07	0.73±0.15	0.82±0.20	1.51±1.16	0.78±0.37
	G15	1.46±0.68	4.26±1.83^a¥	3.44±2.07^a¥	2.21±1.16^b	2.14±1.78^b	1.75±1.03^b	1.27±0.90^b	1.53±0.46^b	1.92±0.48^b	0.68±0.28^b
	G35	1.74±1.11	2.12±1.15	2.72±1.36	2.22±0.82	1.48±0.56	0.91±0.48	1.01±0.33	0.94±0.25	1.72±0.88	1.48±0.66
Urea (mmol/L)	G0	7.48±1.25^B	8.36±1.94^Ba	7.81±1.55^Ba	8.29±1.25^Ba	8.16±1.66^a	7.98±1.30^a	7.36±1.02^a	7.31±0.67^a	5.64±0.75^b	5.87±1.11^Bb
	G15	8.59±1.29^AB	10.46±2.07^Aa	9.57±1.69^ABa	8.10±0.67^Bb	8.47±1.02^a	7.83±1.67^b	7.21±0.47^b	6.19±1.40^b¥	5.38±2.59^b¥	5.35±1.28^Bb¥
	G35	9.42±1.28^A	10.71±1.57^Aa	11.27±1.25^Aa	10.43±1.11^Aa	9.39±1.08^a	9.14±1.33^a	8.13±1.14^b	8.03±1.71^b	7.99±1.72^b	6.77±1.50^Ab¥
Potassium (mmol/L)	G0	3.99±0.32	3.49±0.61	3.62±0.50	3.90±0.65	4.18±0.52	3.85±0.25	4.07±0.45	4.13±0.23	4.17±0.52	3.73±0.61
	G15	4.20±0.79	3.79±0.42	3.20±0.45^¥	4.50±0.83	3.85±0.83	3.75±0.79	4.25±0.40	4.27±0.63	4.47±0.50	3.62±0.22
	G35	3.99±0.33	4.16±0.41^a	3.23±0.30^b	3.72±0.38^a	4.18±0.41^a	4.12±0.46^a	4.43±0.30^a	4.40±0.52^a	4.60±0.38^a	4.27±0.40^a

Brasil

Brasil

Biochemical responses, blood gas, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation of goats transfused with fresh or stored whole homologous blood

Respostas bioquímicas, hemogasométricas, estresse oxidativo e peroxidação lipídica de caprinos transfundidos com sangue homólogo total fresco ou armazenado

ABSTRACT: