| Nível de intervenção do governo |
Capacidade do governo para formular e implementar políticas
e normas que interfiram no setor privado |
Arslan e Larimo
(2010)Arslan, A., & Larimo, J. (2010). Ownership strategy of multinational
enterprises and the impacts of regulative and normative institutional distance:
evidence from Finnish foreign direct investments in Central and Eastern Europe.
Journal of East – West Business, 16(3), 179-200.; Brouthers
(2002)Brouthers, K. D. (2002). Institutional, cultural and transaction cost
influences on entry mode choice and performance. Journal of International
Business Studies, 33(2), 203-221.; Delios e Beamish
(1999)Delios, A., & Beamish, P. W. (1999). Ownership strategy of Japanese
firms: transactional, institutional and experience influences. Strategic
Management Journal, 20(10), 915-933.; Dikova e Witteloostuijn
(2007)Dikova, D., & Witteloostuijn, A. van. (2007). Foreign direct
investment mode choice: entry and establishment modes in transition economies.
Journal of International Business Studies, 38(6),
1013-1033.; Estrin et al.
(2009)Estrin, S., Baghdasaryan, D., & Meyer, K. E. (2009). The impact of
institutional and human resource distance on international entry strategies.
Journal of Management Studies, 46(7), 1171-1196.; Gaur e Lu
(2007)Gaur, A. S., Delios, A., & Singh, K. (2007). Institutional
environments, staffing strategies, and subsidiary performance. Journal of
Management, 33(4), 611-636.
|
Consistência e transparência das políticas
governamentais |
| Grau de protecionismo |
Extensão em que o governo aplica medidas
protecionistas |
Agarwal e Feils
(2007)Agarwal, J., & Feils, D. (2007). Political risk and the
internationalization of firms: an empirical study of Canadian-based export and FDI
firms. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 24(3),
165-181.; Morschett et al.
(2010)Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H., & Swoboda, B. (2010). Decades of
research on market entry modes: what do we really know about external antecedents of
entry mode choice? Journal of International Management, 16(1),
60-77.; Yiu e Makino
(2002)Yiu, D., & Makino, S. (2002). The choice between joint venture and
wholly owned subsidiary: an institutional perspective. Organization Science,
13(6), 667-683.
|
Existência de regras de conteúdo local mínimo, controle do
governo sobre fatores essenciais de produção, privilégios a empresas
estatais |
| Qualidade do arcabouço jurídico |
Qualidade do arcabouço jurídico do país, facilitando a
criação e gestão de negócios por firmas estrangeiras |
Estrin et al.
(2009)Estrin, S., Baghdasaryan, D., & Meyer, K. E. (2009). The impact of
institutional and human resource distance on international entry strategies.
Journal of Management Studies, 46(7), 1171-1196.; Roy e Oliver
(2009)Roy, J-P., & Oliver, C. (2009). International joint venture partner
selection: the role of the host-country legal environment. Journal of
International Business Studies, 40(5), 779-801.; Xu et al.
(2004)Xu, D., Pan, Y., & Beamish, P. W. (2004). The effect of regulative
and normative distances on MNE ownership and expatriate strategies.
Management International Review, 44(3), 285-307.
|
Existência de mecanismos de proteção a contratos,
complexidade da legislação trabalhista, facilidade para expatriação de
empregados |
| Restrições ao investimento estrangeiro |
Extensão em que o governo impõe regras que dificultam a
aquisição e gestão de empresas por investidores estrangeiros |
Brouthers (2002)Brouthers, K. D. (2002). Institutional, cultural and transaction cost
influences on entry mode choice and performance. Journal of International
Business Studies, 33(2), 203-221.;
Delios e Beamish (1999)Delios, A., & Beamish, P. W. (1999). Ownership strategy of Japanese
firms: transactional, institutional and experience influences. Strategic
Management Journal, 20(10), 915-933.; Demirbag, McGuinness e Altay (2010)Demirbag, M., McGuinness, M., & Altay, H. (2010). Perceptions of
institutional environment and entry mode: FDI from an emerging country.
Management International Review, 50(2), 207-240.;
Morschett et al. (2010)Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H., & Swoboda, B. (2010). Decades of
research on market entry modes: what do we really know about external antecedents of
entry mode choice? Journal of International Management, 16(1),
60-77.; Slangen e Tulder (2009)Slangen, A. H. L., & Tulder, R. J. M. van. (2009). Cultural
distance, political risk, or governance quality? Towards a more accurate
conceptualization and measurement of external uncertainty in foreign entry mode
research. International Business Review, 18(3),
276-291.; Yiu e Makino (2002)Yiu, D., & Makino, S. (2002). The choice between joint venture and
wholly owned subsidiary: an institutional perspective. Organization Science,
13(6), 667-683.
|
Existência de regras/instâncias de aprovação para
investimentos estrangeiros, regras para aquisição de empresas locais,
regras para constituição de joint ventures |
| Proteção a direitos de propriedade |
Instrumentos que asseguram ao proprietário de um ativo o
poder discricionário de utilizá-lo e usufruir dos retornos por ele
propiciados |
Arslan e Larimo
(2010)Arslan, A., & Larimo, J. (2010). Ownership strategy of multinational
enterprises and the impacts of regulative and normative institutional distance:
evidence from Finnish foreign direct investments in Central and Eastern Europe.
Journal of East – West Business, 16(3), 179-200.; Delios e Beamish,
1999Delios, A., & Beamish, P. W. (1999). Ownership strategy of Japanese
firms: transactional, institutional and experience influences. Strategic
Management Journal, 20(10), 915-933.; Luo (2001)Luo, Y. (2001). Determinants of entry in an emerging economy: a
multilevel approach. Journal of Management Studies, 38(3),
443-472.; Dikova e Witteloostuijn (2007)Dikova, D., & Witteloostuijn, A. van. (2007). Foreign direct
investment mode choice: entry and establishment modes in transition economies.
Journal of International Business Studies, 38(6),
1013-1033.; Gaur et al. (2007)Gaur, A. S., Delios, A., & Singh, K. (2007). Institutional
environments, staffing strategies, and subsidiary performance. Journal of
Management, 33(4), 611-636.; Gaur e Lu (2007)Gaur, A. S., & Lu, J. W. (2007). Ownership strategies and survival
of foreign subsidiaries: impacts of institutional distance and experience.
Journal of Management, 33(1), 84-110.; Meyer, Estrin, Bhaumik e Peng (2009)Meyer, K. E., Estrin, S., Bhaumik, S. K., & Peng, M. W. (2009).
Institutions, resources, and entry strategies in emerging economies.
Strategic Management Journal, 30(1), 61-80.;
Pajunen (2008)Pajunen, K. (2008). Institutions and inflows of foreign direct
investment: a fuzzy-set analysis. Journal of International Business Studies,
39(4), 652-669.
|
Adequação de leis de proteção a direitos de propriedade,
simplicidade dos procedimentos de proteção a direitos de propriedade |
| Sistema judiciário |
Qualidade do poder judiciário, encorajando o respeito às
leis e assegurando seu cumprimento |
Arslan e Larimo
(2010)Arslan, A., & Larimo, J. (2010). Ownership strategy of multinational
enterprises and the impacts of regulative and normative institutional distance:
evidence from Finnish foreign direct investments in Central and Eastern Europe.
Journal of East – West Business, 16(3), 179-200.; Dumludag (2009Dumludag, D. (2009). An analysis of the determinants of foreign direct
investment in Turkey: the role of the institutional context. Journal of
Business Economics and Management, 10(1), 15-30.,
2010)Dumludag, D. (2010). The quality of institutions and multinational
corporation: the political economy of foreign direct investment in Turkey. In T.
Cetin, & F. Yilmaz (Org.) Understanding the process of institutional
change in Turkey: a political economy approach. Nova Science Publishers:
New York.; Gaur et al. (2007)Gaur, A. S., Delios, A., & Singh, K. (2007). Institutional
environments, staffing strategies, and subsidiary performance. Journal of
Management, 33(4), 611-636.; Gaur e Lu (2007)Gaur, A. S., & Lu, J. W. (2007). Ownership strategies and survival
of foreign subsidiaries: impacts of institutional distance and experience.
Journal of Management, 33(1), 84-110.; Pajunen
(2008)Pajunen, K. (2008). Institutions and inflows of foreign direct
investment: a fuzzy-set analysis. Journal of International Business Studies,
39(4), 652-669.; Xu et al.
(2004)Xu, D., Pan, Y., & Beamish, P. W. (2004). The effect of regulative
and normative distances on MNE ownership and expatriate strategies.
Management International Review, 44(3), 285-307.
|
Eficiência do sistema judiciário, independência do Poder
Judiciário |
