THE EFFECT OF THE DIVERSITY OF INTERORGANIZATIONAL PARTNERS ON PRODUCT INNOVATION

Montoro-Sánchez, Ángeles; Garavito-Hernández, Youseline; Romero-Martínez, Ana M.

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ARTICLES • Rev. adm. empres. 61 (4) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-759020210406 copy

THE EFFECT OF THE DIVERSITY OF INTERORGANIZATIONAL PARTNERS ON PRODUCT INNOVATION

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This paper analyzes the impact on product innovation of different types of interorganizational relationship partners. An empirical contrast with data taken from the Spanish Technological Innovation Panel (based on Eurostat’s Community Innovation Survey) shows that diversity in the types of partners involved in interorganizational relationships has a positive effect on product innovation. In particular, increased benefits can be achieved in the innovation of goods when there is diversity in the relationships that exist between business partners (customers and suppliers); and in service innovation when there is diversity in the relationships between non-industrial partners (consultants, universities and research entities). Finally, given the results it is not possible to state that a lot of diversity reduces the returns on innovation.

KEYWORDS:
Product innovation; diversity; interorganizational relationships; goods innovation; service innovation

	Mean	Standart Deviation	Frequency	VIF	Correlations
	Mean	Standart Deviation	Frequency	VIF	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Product Innovation - N = 1416
1. Interorganizational relationship diversity	0.360	0.302		5.034	1
	0.077	0.175		1.673	0.271**	1
3. Same group company-competitor diversity	0.037	0.123		1.657	0.336**	0.341**	1
	0.147	0.230		3.254	0.656**	0.174**	0.314**	1
5. Company size	4.661	1.477		1.226	0.165**	0.122*	0.020	0.163**	1
6. Company age	31.923	23.725		1.253	0.023	0.023	-0.037	0.001	0.295**	1
7. Sector			1=535 /0=881	1.205	0.020	-0.104*	0.026	0.062*	-0.004	-0.197*	1
8. Internal R&D expenses	60.597	38.541		1.459	0.197**	0.006	-0.013	0.118**	-0.068*	-0.096**	-0.026	1
9. External R&D expenses	13.682	23.514		1.416	0.015	0.067	0.020	-0.015	0.087**	0.024	-0.064*	-0.327**	1
10. Innovation			1=708 0=708		0.207**	0.097	0.044	0.161**	0.078**	0.019	-0.05	0.180**	-0.04	1
Goods Innovation - N =1866
1. Interorganizational relationship diversity	0.370	0.299		4.802	1
2. Customer-Supplier diversity	0.083	0.179		1.587	0.291**	1
3. Same group company-competitor diversity	0.034	0.117		1.533	0.322**	0.293**	1
4. Other partner types diversity	0.153	0.232		3.185	0.654**	0.202**	0.301**	1
5. Company size	4.713	1.514		1.291	0.184**	0.100*	0.036	0.180**	1
6. Company age	31.887	23.259		1.313	0.037	0.032	-0.015	0.022	0.326**	1
7. Sector			1=618 /0=808	1.134	0.018	-0.051	0.004	0.049*	-0.010	-0.205**	1
8. Internal R&D expenses	62.625	36.804		1.407	0.167**	0.024	0.001	0.086**	-0.100**	-0.113*	-0.013	1
9. External R&D expenses	13.390	22.348		1.333	0.032	0.032	0.001	0.002	0.068**	0.046*	-0.064**	-0.329**	1
10. Innovation			1=933 /0=933		0.190**	0.120**	0.061*	0.140**	0.076**	0.034	-0.207**	0.166**	-0.006	1
Service Innovation - N =1426
1. Interorganizational relationship diversity	0.394	0.296		4.395	1
2. Customer-Supplier diversity	0.083	0.178		1.590	0.320**	1
3. Same group company-competitor diversity	0.038	0.123		1.571	0.333**	0.355**	1
4. Other partner types diversity	0.163	0.238		2.866	0.655**	0.205**	0.291**	1
5. Company size	4.766	1.578		1.313	0.182**	0.128**	0.048	0.181**	1
6. Company age	31.256	23.606		1.355	0.037	0.033	-0.035	0.007	0.356**	1
7. Sector			1=535 /0=881	1.144	0.012	-0.021	-0.006	0.069*	-0.029	-0.195**	1
8. Internal R&D expenses	64.737	35.302		1.563	0.158**	-0.040	-0.008	0.089**	-0.119**	-0.120**	-0.022	1
9. External R&D expenses	13.099	21.642		1.464	0.045	0.065	0.019	-0.006	0.059*	0.026	-0.044	-0.357**	1
10. Innovation			1=713 /0=713		0.180**	0.057	-0.031	0.170**	0.138**	-0.017	0.269**	0.092**	-0.048	1

Product Innovation	Model 1				Model 2				Model 3				Model 4
Product Innovation	B	Wald	Sig	Exp (B)	B	Wald	Sig	Exp (B)	B	Wald	Sig	Exp (B)	B	Wald	Sig	Exp (B)
Constant	-1.477	33.046	0.000	0.285	-1.477	33.046	0.000	0.285	-0.002	0.00	0.99	0.998	-0.76	2.13	0.14	0.463
Company size	0.088	5.295	0.021	1.092	0.088	5.295	0.021	1.092	0.095	1.12	0.29	1.099	0.138	2.83	0.09	1.148
Company age	0.000	0.008	0.928	1.000	0.000	0.003	0.955	1.000	-0.001	0.01	0.91	0.999	-0.00	0.05	0.81	0.999
Sector	0.223	3.816	0.051	0.800	0.223	3.816	0.051	0.800	0.140	0.27	0.59	1.151	0.189	0.48	0.48	1.208
Internal R&D expenses	0.008	31.368	0.000	1.008	0.008	31.368	0.000	1.008	0.008	5.03	0.02	1.008	0.010	6.54	0.01	1.010
External R&D expenses	.000	.002	.961	1.000	0.000	0.003	0.955	1.000	-0.006	0.79	0.37	0.994	-0.00	0.79	0.37	0.994
Interorganizational relationship diversity	1.169	38.299	0.000	3.219	1.169	38.299	0.000	3.219
Interorganizational relationship diversity, squared					-0.582	0.355	0.551	0.559
Customer-Supplier diversity									0.993	1.64	0.20	2.699	-5.68	0.48	0.48	0.003
Same group company-competitor diversity									-0.535	0.50	0.47	0.586	-8.64	2.87	0.09	0.000
Other partner types diversity									0.648	1.39	0.23	1.912	-0.21	0.01	0.91	0.807
Customer-Supplier diversity, squared													13.69	0.64	0.42	88301
Same group company-competitor diversity, squared													19.40	2.91	0.08	3E+08
Other partner types diversity, squared													1.754	0.27	0.60	5.777
-2 Log Verisimilitude	1862.306				1862.306				399.641				393.998
R² Cox-Snell	0.069				0.069				0.016				0.034
R² Nagelkerke	0.092				0.092				0.022				0.047
X²	100.687				100.687				5.038				10.681
Significance	0.000				0.000				0.025				0.030
N	1416				1416				1416				1416
% Global Classification Table	61.2				61.2				68.6				67.6

Goods Innovation	Model 1				Model 2				Model 3					Model 4
Goods Innovation	B	Wald	Sig	Exp (B)	B	Wald	Sig	Exp (B)	B	Wald	Sig	Exp (B)	B		Wald	Sig	Exp (B)
Constant	-1.946	88.23	0.000	0.143	-1.946	88.23	0.00	0.143	-0.464	1.68	0.19	0.628	-0.468		1.712	0.19	0.626
Company size	0.085	6.524	0.011	1.089	0.085	6.524	0.01	1.089	0.111	2.70	0.10	1.118	0.113		2.792	0.09	1.119
Company age	-0.002	0.726	0.394	0.998	-0.002	0.759	0.38	0.998	0.002	0.12	0.72	1.002	0.002		0.115	0.73	1.002
Sector	0.926	83.71	0.000	2.524	0.926	83.71	0.00	2.524	0.516	6.07	0.01	1.675	0.511		5.948	0.01	1.666
Internal R&D expenses	0.009	38.94	0.000	1.009	0.009	38.94	0.00	1.009	0.002	0.39	0.52	1.002	0.003		0.500	0.47	1.003
External R&D expenses	0.002	0.981	0.322	1.002	0.002	0.963	0.32	1.002	-0.003	0.34	0.55	0.997	-0.003		0.316	0.57	0.997
Interorganizational relationships diversity	1.167	47.28	0.000	3.214	1.167	47.28	0.00	3.214
Interorganizational relationships diversity, squared					-0.619	0.525	0.46	0.538
Customer-Supplier diversity									1.308	4.77	0.02	3.700	0.077		0.000	0.99	1.080
Same group company-competitor diversity									-0.278	0.17	0.67	0.757	-4.208		0.865	0.35	0.015
Other partner types diversity									0.554	1.35	0.24	1.740	0.537		0.107	0.74	1.710
Customer-Supplier diversity, squared													2.782		4.800	0.02	16.154
Same group company-competitor diversity, square													8.877		0.763	0.38	7167
Other partner types diversity, squared													0.102		0.001	0.97	1.107
-2 Log Verisimilitude	2388.900				2388.900				533.882					533.825
R² Cox-Snell	0.101				0.101				0.041					0.041
R² Nagelkerke	0.134				0.134				0.056					0.056
X²	197.926				197.926				17.550					17.607
Significance	0.000				0.000				0.001					0.001
N	1866				1866				1866					1866
% Global Classification Table	62.5				62.5				60.8					60.300

Services Innovation	Model 1				Model 2				Model 3				Model 4
Services Innovation	B	Wald	Sig	Exp (B)	B	Wald	Sig	Exp (B)	B	Wald	Sig	Exp (B)	B	Wald	Sig	Exp (B)
Constant	-1.04	20.214	0.00	0.353	-0,994	18,539	0,00	0,370	-0,650	2,371	0,12	0,522	-0,556	1,783	0,18	0,573
Company size	0.195	25.863	0.00	1.215	0,190	24,457	0,00	1,209	0,266	11,372	0,00	1,305	0,266	11,24	0,00	1,304
Company age	0.000	0.033	0.85	1.000	0,000	0,019	0,88	1,000	0,001	0,027	0,87	1,001	0,001	0,011	0,91	1,001
Sector	-1.20	107.98	0.00	0.299	-1,194	105,39	0,00	0,303	-1,125	21,150	0,00	0,325	-1,116	20,70	0,00	0,327
Internal R&D expenses	0.006	12.847	0.00	1.006	0,006	13,364	0,00	1,006	0,005	1,240	0,26	1,005	0,006	1,465	0,22	1,006
External R&D expenses	-0.00	0.622	0.43	0.998	-0,002	0,639	0,42	0,998	0,000	0,000	0,99	1,000	0,001	0,007	0,93	1,001
Interorganizational relationships diversity	1.050	27.856	.000	2.858	-0,029	0,002	0,96	0,971
Interorganizational relationships diversity, squared					1,526	30,409	0,00	4,600
Customer-Supplier diversity									0,206	0,091	0,76	1,228	-4,048	0,461	0,49	0,017
Same group company-competitor diversity									-1,065	2,183	0,14	0,345	-1,184	2,985	0,08	0,306
Other partner types diversity									0,957	3,6690	0,05	2,604	0,145	0,007	0,93	1,156
Customer-Supplier diversity, squared													8,974	0,510	0,47	7894,31
Same group company-competitor diversity, squared													7,584	0,479	0,48	1966,12
Other partner types diversity, squared													1,912	4,804	0,02	6,770
-2 Log Verisimilitude	1788.757				1785.982				437.595				434.949
R2 Cox-Snell	0.124				0.125				0.107				0.114
R2 Nagelkerke	0.165				0.167				0.145				0.154
X2	188.099				190.874				40.431				43.077
Significance	0.000				0.000				0.000				0.000
N	1426				1426				1426				1426
% Global Classification Table	65.4				64.9				65.4				65.7

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