Los beneficios económicos de la mediación empresarial en el escenario brasileño

Carneiro, Cristiane Dias; Duzert, Yann; Almeida, Rafael Alves de

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Revista de Administração de Empresas

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ARTICLES • Rev. adm. empres. 64 (3) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-759020240304 copiar

Los beneficios económicos de la mediación empresarial en el escenario brasileño

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo medir los beneficios económicos de la mediación empresarial en Brasil en comparación con la acción legal, investigando si elegir la mediación para resolver un conflicto empresarial es más ventajoso económicamente que presentar una demanda en el Poder Judicial y optar por la mediación extrajudicial para poner fin a un conflicto empresarial es más ventajoso económicamente que firmar un acuerdo a través de mediación judicial. La investigación, realizada en la región sudeste de Brasil después de la implementación del Código de Procedimiento Civil en 2016, utilizó métodos cuantitativos, analizando 397 casos judiciales. Los resultados indicaron que la mediación extrajudicial es la opción más económica, mientras que la vía judicial es la más costosa. Este artículo proporciona a las empresas información esencial para una decisión racional en la resolución de conflictos comerciales.

Palabras clave:
mediación empresarial brasileña; beneficios económicos; resolución de conflictos; organización empresarial; ODS 16 ONU; medios consensuales; análisis económico del derecho

Information	N2016	N2017	Total
Number of sessions	191	639	830
Total number of lawsuits	136	476	612
Nº of lawsuits mistakenly indicated	5	11	16
Nº of lawsuits classified as confidentia	0	5	5
Nº of lawsuits in which any mediation occurred	40	117	157
Nº of lawsuits in which the session was canceled	0	37	37
Final number of lawsuits with mediation sessions	91	306	397

Variables		N	%
Agreement	with total agreement	76	19.14%
	with partial agreement	1	0.25%
	with partial agreement - self-failure	1	0.25%
	with total agreement (public institution)	5	1.26%
	without agreement	303	76.32%
	pre-lawsuit	1	0.25%
	agreement outside mediation	9	2.27%
	still in mediation	1	0.25%

Variables	N	Média	D.P.	Mín.	1ºQ	2ºQ	3ºQ	Máx.
Amount initially required – Judicial Mediation (reais) (C)	15	45586.32	95201.64	1000.00	1500.00	10000.00	40000.00	375000.00
Amount settled – Judicial Mediation (reais) (E)	4	277749.34	259192.43	10997.38	55498.69	300000.0	500000.0	500000.00
Amount settled/ Amount initially required (%) (E/C)	4	15019.17	23788.67	26.67	38.33	5025.00	30000.00	50000.00
Time length – Judicial Mediation (days) (F)	15	140.27	56.69	91.00	100.50	132.00	142.50	305.00
Judiciary Costs (reais) (J)	10	47317.82	57519.04	126.07	779.64	11346.00	90166.00	158852.00
Time length – agreement’s homologation (dias) (M)	15	1183.33	710.05	1000.00	1000.00	1000.00	1000.00	3750.00
Number of sections (P)	15	2.97	2.58	1.00	1.25	2.00	3.75	10.00
Amount initially required – Judicial Mediation (reais) (C)	13	87.54	164.86	11.00	17.00	35.00	43.00	611.00
Amount settled – Judicial Mediation (reais) (E)	15	1.93	1.58	1.00	1.00	1.00	2.00	6.00

	Lawsuit	Judicial Mediation	Extrajudicial Mediation
Amount of issue	R$ 10,000.00	R$ 10,000.00	R$ 10,000.00
Time to reach a result	5 years	1 year	1 month
Direct costs of the process	R$ 12,704.20	R$ 2,449.00	R$ 1,981.44
Possible results	Just the demand in the initial pleading	Creative settlement	Creative settlement

subject	No		Yes
subject	N	%	N	%
Society/Company	281	70.8%	116	29.2%
Dissolution	326	82.1%	71	17.9%
Contractual responsibility	349	87.9%	48	12.1%
Acceleration of Court Order	352	88.7%	45	11.3%
Indemnity for moral damages	359	90.4%	38	9.6%
Indemnity for material damage	365	91.9%	32	8.1%
Brand	367	92.4%	30	7.6%
Material damage - other	370	93.2%	27	6.8%
Moral damage - other	371	93.5%	26	6.5%
Verification of goods	372	93.7%	25	6.3%
Moral damage – other Consumer	374	94.2%	23	5.8%
Payment	377	95.0%	20	5.0%
Copyright	378	95.2%	19	4.8%
Vessel Rentals	378	95.2%	19	4.8%
Nullity or nullification	380	95.7%	17	4.3%
Entry and exclusion of members of society	381	96.0%	16	4.0%
Defect	381	96.0%	16	4.0%
Company cc verification of goods	381	96.0%	16	4.0%
Credits	381	96.0%	16	4.0%
Maritime Privileges	381	96.0%	16	4.0%
Association	382	96.2%	15	3.8%
Legal act or business	382	96.2%	15	3.8%
Partner Responsibility	383	96.5%	14	3.5%

Subject N		No agreement (n=314)		With agreement (n=83)		Valor-p
Subject N		N	%	N	%	Valor-p
Company	No	240	77%	39	47%	<0.001
Company	Yes	72	23%	44	53%	<0.001
Dissolution	No	271	87%	53	64%	<0.001
Dissolution	Yes	41	13%	30	36%	<0.001
Contractual Responsibility	No	265	85%	82	99%	<0.001
Contractual Responsibility	Yes	47	15%	1	1%	<0.001
Indemnity for moral damage	No	281	90%	76	92%	0.835
Indemnity for moral damage	Yes	31	10%	7	8%	0.835
Acceleration of Court Order	No	291	93%	79	95%	0.621
Acceleration of Court Order	Yes	21	7%	4	5%	0.621
Indemnity for material damage	No	283	91%	80	96%	0.113
Indemnity for material damage	Yes	29	9%	3	4%	0.113
Moral Damage – other Consumer	No	296	95%	76	92%	0.290
Moral Damage – other Consumer	Yes	16	5%	7	8%	0.290
Material Damage - other	No	288	92%	80	96%	0.229
Material Damage - other	Yes	24	8%	3	4%	0.229
Brand	No	287	92%	78	94%	0.647
Brand	Yes	25	8%	5	6%	0.647
Moral Damage moral – Consumer	No	291	93%	78	94%	1.000
Moral Damage moral – Consumer	Yes	21	7%	5	6%	1.000
Vessel rental	No	294	94%	82	99%	0.143
Vessel rental	Yes	18	6%	1	1%	0.143
Verification of goods	No	293	94%	77	93%	0.799
Verification of goods	Yes	19	6%	6	7%	0.799
Copyright	No	296	95%	80	96%	0.775
Copyright	Yes	16	5%	3	4%	0.775
Company and verification of goods	No	303	97%	76	92%	0.052
Company and verification of goods	Yes	9	3%	7	8%	0.052

Variables N		2016		2017		Total		Valor-p
Variables N		N	%	N	%	N	%	Valor-p
Value required in the lawsuit – Judicial mediation (C)	Money	13	86.7%	37	88.1%	49	87.5%	0.774
	Money + goods	2	13.3%	3	7.1%	5	8.9%
	Other	0	0.0%	2	4.8%	2	3.6%
Value offered by the other party- Judicial mediation (D)	Dissolution and determination of goods	0	0.0%	1	2.4%	1	1.8%	1.000
Value offered by the other party- Judicial mediation (D)	No proposal (zero) – CPC art. 334	15	100.0%	41	97.6%	55	98.2%	1.000
Agreement value – Judicial Mediation (E)	Money	5	33.3%	24	57.1%	29	51.8%	0.186
	Without monetary value	10	66.7%	16	38.1%	25	44.6%
	Other	0	0.0%	2	4.8%	2	3.6%
Agreements in installments (L)	Agreements in installments	1	6.6%	16	38.1%	17	30.4%	0.056
	Full payment (once)	4	26.7%	7	16.7%	11	19.6%
	Without monetary value	10	66.7%	16	38.1%	25	44.6%
	Other	0	0.0%	3	7.1%	3	5.4%
Agreement fulfillment (R)	The agreement was not fulfilled	3	20.0%	14	33.3%	17	30.4%	0.039
	Other	3	20.0%	1	2.4%	4	7.1%
	The agreement was partially fulfilled	2	13.3%	1	2.4%	2	3.6%
	The agreement was totally fulfilled	7	46.7%	26	61.9%	33	58.9%
Filing (S	lawsuit continues	2	13.3%	19	45.2%	21	37.5%	0.037
	filed	13	86.7%	22	52.4%	34	60.7%
	Other	0	0.0%	1	2.4%	1	1.8%

Information N		2016		2017		Total		Value-p
Information N		N	%	N	%	N	%	Value-p
State	RJ	83	91.2%	294	96.1%	377	95.0%	0.112
State	Other	8	8.8%	12	3.9%	20	5.0%	0.112
Agreement	With agreement	21	23.1%	56	18.3%	77	19.4%	0.375
	Without agreement	69	75.8%	240	78.4%	309	77.8%
	Other	1	1.1%	10	3,3%	11	2.8%

Variables	N	Média	D.P.	Mín.	1ºQ	2ºQ	3ºQ	Máx.
Amount initially required – Judicial Mediation (reais) (C)	42	153213.04	463350.22	150.00	10000.00	31000.00	60000.00	2384661.80
Amount settled – Judicial Mediation (reais) (E)	26	150528.09	308884.76	3.18	5856.00	20000.00	60000.00	1200000.00
Amount settled/ Amount initially required (%) (E/C)	25	638.90	2093.74	2.80	17.62	50.00	99.76	10000.00
Time length – Judicial Mediation (days) (F)	42	323.21	387.85	71.00	160.00	255.50	365.00	2637.00
Judiciary Costs (reais) (J)	35	3484.83	8113.83	80.19	566.67	1028.80	2787.90	37000.00
Time length – agreement’s homologation (dias) (M)	42	1328.57	949.53	1000.00	1000.00	1000.00	1000.00	5000.00
Number of sections (P)	42	3.07	2.27	1.00	2.00	2.38	3.00	12.50
Amount initially required – Judicial Mediation (reais) (C)	36	66.31	65.87	4.00	19.00	41.50	91.00	253.00
Amount settled – Judicial Mediation (reais) (E)	42	1.93	1.11	1.00	1.00	2.00	2.00	6.00

	Lawsuit (5 years)	Judicial mediation (1 year)	Extrajudicial Mediation (1 month)
The plaintiff will receive at the end	- 1,959.96	1,157.40	3,018.56
The defendant will pay at the end	23,448.44	8,842.60	6,981.44

Annual Value of the lawsuit – Judicial Mediation (H)	Company size
Annual Value of the lawsuit – Judicial Mediation (H)	Small	Medium	Large
2014	921.59	2022.66	2897.01
2015 (IPCA = 10.67%)	1019.92	2238.48	3206.12
2016 (IPCA = 6.28%)	1083.97	2379.05	3407.47
2017 (IPCA = 2.94%)	1115.84	2449.00	3507.64
2018 (IPCA = 3.75%)	1157.68	2540.84	3639.18

Agreement present value	N	Average	E.P.	1º Q	2º Q	3º Q	Value-p¹ 1 Wilcoxon test.
Agreement present value	N	Average	E.P.	1º Q	2º Q	3º Q	1	2	3
Judicial Mediation (1)	26	150528.10	60577.28	5856.00	20000.00	60000.00	-	-	-
Lawsuit (2)	26	103350.70	40311.21	4269.02	13851.00	43740.00	<0.001	-	-
Extrajudicial mediation (3)	26	156821.10	61348.98	6441.60	21000.00	66000.00	<0.001	<0.001	-

Fundação Getulio Vargas, Escola de Administração de Empresas de S.Paulo Av 9 de Julho, 2029, 01313-902 S. Paulo - SP Brasil, Tel.: (55 11) 3799-7999, Fax: (55 11) 3799-7871 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: rae@fgv.br

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