BARRIERS TO GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

SILVA, FLÁVIA CRISTINA DA; SHIBAO, FABIO YTOSHI; BARBIERI, JOSÉ CARLOS; LIBRANTZ, ANDRE FELIPE HENRIQUES; SANTOS, MARIO ROBERTO DOS

doi:10.1590/S0034-759020180204

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Brasil

Revista de Administração de Empresas

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Brasil

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ARTICLES • Rev. adm. empres. 58 (2) • Mar-Apr 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-759020180204 copy

BARRIERS TO GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study identified the barriers to Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) and analyzed their degree of influence from the perspective of a first-tier supplier in the Brazilian automotive industry. The literature indicates a total of 43 barriers, of which 13 were validated in the following areas: support and involvement (five), operational performance (three), economic performance (two), environmental performance (two), and knowledge and information (one). The validation was based on the perception of technical and academic specialists familiar with environmental and supply chain management in various sectors. The hierarchy of the barriers by priority was obtained using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, with decision makers representing an industry in the automotive sector. The study showed that cost implications are the most influential barrier to GSCM from the perspective of a first-tier supplier in the sector.

KEYWORDS:
Green supply chain management; barriers; automotive industry; content validation; analytic hierarchy process

Classification type	Class	Justification for adoption	Studies that used the same classification
Extent of interaction with GSCM	Economic performance	Priority for organizations and one of the main reasons for implementing GSCM practices (Zhu, Sarkis, & Lai, 2012Zhu, Q., Sarkis, J., & Lai, K. H. (2012). Examining the effects of green supply chain management practices and their mediations on performance improvements. International Journal of Production Research, 50(5), 1377-1394. doi:10.1080/00207543.2011.571937 https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.57... )	Govindan et al. (2014)Govindan, K., Mathiyazhagan, K., Kannan, D., & Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, 147(Part B), 555-568. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.0... ; Mathiyazhagan, Govindan, Nooru Haq and Geng, (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Muduli, Govindan, Barve, and Geng, (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Balasubramanian (2012)Balasubramanian, S. (2012). A hierarchical framework of barriers to green supply chain management in the construction sector. Journal of Sustainable Development, 5(10), 15-27. doi:10.5539/jsd.v5n10p15 https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v5n10p15...
	Environmental performance	Management of environmental aspects of an organization affects and is affected by various stakeholders (ABNT, 2004Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas. (2004). NBR ISO 14001: Sistemas da gestão ambiental: Requisitos com orientações para uso. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: ABNT., 2005Associação Nacional dos Fabricantes de Veículos Automotores. (2016). Anuário da indústria automobilística brasileira. Recuperado de http://www.anfavea.com.br/anuario.html http://www.anfavea.com.br/anuario.html... )	Balasubramanian (2012)Balasubramanian, S. (2012). A hierarchical framework of barriers to green supply chain management in the construction sector. Journal of Sustainable Development, 5(10), 15-27. doi:10.5539/jsd.v5n10p15 https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v5n10p15... , Mathiyazhagan et al. (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1...
	Operational performance	GSCM practices influence the technical and technological processes of organizations (Zhu, Sarkis, & Lai, 2007Zhu, Q., Sarkis, J., & Lai, K. H. (2007). Initiatives and outcomes of green supply chain management implementation by Chinese manufacturers. Journal of Environmental Management, 85(1), 179-189. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.09.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.0... ).	Govindan et al. (2014)Govindan, K., Mathiyazhagan, K., Kannan, D., & Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, 147(Part B), 555-568. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.0... ; Mathiyazhagan et al. (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Muduli et al. (2013)Muduli, K., & Barve, A. (2013). Establishment of a sustainable development framework in small scale mining supply chains in India. International Journal of Intelligent Enterprise, 2(1), 84-100. doi:10.1504/IJIE.2013.057340 https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIE.2013.057340... ; Balasubramanian (2012)Balasubramanian, S. (2012). A hierarchical framework of barriers to green supply chain management in the construction sector. Journal of Sustainable Development, 5(10), 15-27. doi:10.5539/jsd.v5n10p15 https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v5n10p15...
	Knowledge and information	Skills and competences promote transformations in the organizational environment, and these are transmitted to the environment through multiple channels of interaction (World Economic Forum, 2013World Economic Forum. (2013). The human capital report 2013. Genève, Suisse. Recuperado de http://reports.weforum.org/human-capital-index-2013/ http://reports.weforum.org/human-capital... ; Lee, 2015Lee, S. Y. (2015). The effects of green supply chain management on the supplier’s performance through social capital accumulation. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 20(1), 42-55. doi:10.1108/SCM-01-2014-0009 https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-01-2014-0009... )	Govindan et al. (2014)Govindan, K., Mathiyazhagan, K., Kannan, D., & Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, 147(Part B), 555-568. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.0... ; Muduli, et al., (2013)Muduli, K., & Barve, A. (2013). Establishment of a sustainable development framework in small scale mining supply chains in India. International Journal of Intelligent Enterprise, 2(1), 84-100. doi:10.1504/IJIE.2013.057340 https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIE.2013.057340... ; Balasubramanian (2012)Balasubramanian, S. (2012). A hierarchical framework of barriers to green supply chain management in the construction sector. Journal of Sustainable Development, 5(10), 15-27. doi:10.5539/jsd.v5n10p15 https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v5n10p15...
	Support and involvement	The competitiveness of companies depends on the relationships maintained with their suppliers, and aspects such as interaction, commitment, trust, and reciprocity are fundamental requirements for GSCM (Chan, He, Chan, & Wang, 2012Chan, R. Y. K., He, H., Chan, H. K., & Wang, W. Y. C. (2012). Environmental orientation and corporate performance: The mediation mechanism of green supply chain management and moderating effect of competitive intensity. Industrial Marketing Management, 41(4), 621-630. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2012.04.009 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2012... ; Lee, 2015Lee, S. Y. (2015). The effects of green supply chain management on the supplier’s performance through social capital accumulation. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 20(1), 42-55. doi:10.1108/SCM-01-2014-0009 https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-01-2014-0009... )	Govindan et al. (2014)Govindan, K., Mathiyazhagan, K., Kannan, D., & Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, 147(Part B), 555-568. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.0... ; Balasubramanian (2012)Balasubramanian, S. (2012). A hierarchical framework of barriers to green supply chain management in the construction sector. Journal of Sustainable Development, 5(10), 15-27. doi:10.5539/jsd.v5n10p15 https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v5n10p15...
Nature	Attitudinal	It refers to the posture of resistance, passivity, reactivity, or inactivity in relation to the environment, skepticism in relation to the benefits derived from GSCM practices (Kasim & Ismail, 2012Kasim, A., & Ismail, A. (2012). Environmentally friendly practices among restaurants: Drivers and barriers to change. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(4), 551-570. doi:10.1080/09669582.2011.621540 https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.62... ; Mathiyazhagan, Govindan, & Nooru Haq, 2014Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., & Haq, A. N. (2014). Pressure analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Research, 52(1), 188-202. doi:10.1080/00207543.2013.831190 https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2013.83... )	Perron (2005)Perron, G. M. (2005). Barriers to environmental performance improvements in Canadian SMEs. Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
	Resources	Related to the unavailability of human capital, as well as tangible and intangible means to operationalize GSCM practices (Giunipero et al., 2012Giunipero, L. C., Hooker, R. E., & Denslow, D. (2012). Purchasing and supply management sustainability: Drivers and barriers. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 18(4), 258-269. doi:10.1016/j.pursup.2012.06.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2012.06... )
	Information	It refers to the restricted access to information or difficulty in interpreting and understanding the data (Daily & Huang, 2001Daily, B. F., & Huang, S. (2001). Achieving sustainability through attention to human resource factors in environmental management. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 21(12), 1539-1552. doi:10.1108/01443570110410892 https://doi.org/10.1108/0144357011041089... )
	Technique	Corresponds to the commitment of the processes due to lack of method or procedure (Barve & Muduli, 2013Barve, A., & Muduli, K. (2013). Modelling the challenges of green supply chain management practices in Indian mining industries. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 24(8), 1102-1122. doi:10.1108/JMTM-09-2011-0087 https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-09-2011-008... )
Scope	Internal	Involves internal stakeholders, resources, and actions under the control of a single organization (Perron, 2005Perron, G. M. (2005). Barriers to environmental performance improvements in Canadian SMEs. Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.; Zhu, Sarkis, & Lai, 2012Zhu, Q., Sarkis, J., & Lai, K. H. (2012). Examining the effects of green supply chain management practices and their mediations on performance improvements. International Journal of Production Research, 50(5), 1377-1394. doi:10.1080/00207543.2011.571937 https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.57... )	Balasubramanian, (2012)Balasubramanian, S. (2012). A hierarchical framework of barriers to green supply chain management in the construction sector. Journal of Sustainable Development, 5(10), 15-27. doi:10.5539/jsd.v5n10p15 https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v5n10p15... ; Walker & Jones (2012)Walker, H., & Jones, N. (2012). Sustainable supply chain management across the UK private sector. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17(1), 15-28. doi:10.1108/13598541211212177 https://doi.org/10.1108/1359854121121217... ; Zhu et al. (2012)Zhu, Q., Sarkis, J., & Lai, K. H. (2012). Examining the effects of green supply chain management practices and their mediations on performance improvements. International Journal of Production Research, 50(5), 1377-1394. doi:10.1080/00207543.2011.571937 https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.57... .
Scope	External	It covers the decisions of several players in the chain (Perron, 2005Perron, G. M. (2005). Barriers to environmental performance improvements in Canadian SMEs. Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.; Zhu et al., 2012Zhu, Q., Sarkis, J., & Lai, K. H. (2012). Examining the effects of green supply chain management practices and their mediations on performance improvements. International Journal of Production Research, 50(5), 1377-1394. doi:10.1080/00207543.2011.571937 https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.57... )

Barriers
Type	Description		Nature	Scope	References
Economic performance	B1	Cost implications	Resources	External	Al Zaabi, Al Dhaheri, and Diabat (2013)Zaabi, S. Al, Dhaheri, N. Al, & Diabat, A. (2013). Analysis of interaction between the barriers for the implementation of sustainable supply chain management. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 68(1-4), 895-905. doi:10.1007/s00170-013-4951-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-4951-... ; Drohomeretski, Costa, and Lima (2014)Drohomeretski, E., Costa, S. G, & Lima, E. P. (2014). Green supply chain management: Drivers, barriers and practices within the Brazilian automotive industry. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 25(8), 1105-1134. doi:10.1108/JMTM-06-2014-0084 https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-06-2014-008... ; Giunipero et al. (2012)Giunipero, L. C., Hooker, R. E., & Denslow, D. (2012). Purchasing and supply management sustainability: Drivers and barriers. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 18(4), 258-269. doi:10.1016/j.pursup.2012.06.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2012.06... ; Govindan et al. (2014)Govindan, K., Mathiyazhagan, K., Kannan, D., & Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, 147(Part B), 555-568. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.0... ; Luthra, Kumar, Kumar, and Haleem (2011)Luthra, S., Kumar, V., Kumar, S., & Haleem, A. (2011). Barriers to implement green supply chain management in automobile industry using interpretive structural modeling technique: An Indian perspective. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 4(2), 231-257. doi:10.3926/jiem..v4n2.p231-257 https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem..v4n2.p231-... ; Mehrabi, Gharakhani, Jalalifar, and Rahmati (2012)Mehrabi, J., Gharakhani, D., Jalalifar, S., & Rahmati, H. (2012). Barriers to green supply chain management in the petrochemical sector. Life Science Journal, 9(4), 3438-3442.; Mollenkopf, Stolze, Tate, and Ueltschy (2010)Mollenkopf, D., Stolze, H., Tate, W. L., & Ueltschy, M. (2010). Green, lean, and global supply chains. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 40(1/2), 14-41. doi:10.1108/09600031011018028 https://doi.org/10.1108/0960003101101802... ; Muduli and Barve (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Muduli et al. (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Solér, Bergstrom, and Shanahan, (2010)Solér, C., Bergström, K., & Shanahan, H. (2010). Green supply chains and the missing link between environmental information and practice. Business Strategy and the Environment, 19(1), 14-25. doi:10.1002/bse.655 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.655... ; Walker and Jones (2012)Walker, H., & Jones, N. (2012). Sustainable supply chain management across the UK private sector. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17(1), 15-28. doi:10.1108/13598541211212177 https://doi.org/10.1108/1359854121121217... ; Wycherley (1999)Wycherley, I. (1999). Greening supply chains: The case of The Body Shop International. Business Strategy and the Environment, 8(2), 120-127. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0836(199903/04)8:2<120::AID-BSE188>3.0.CO;2-X https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0836(... .
	B2	Unavailability of cash flow	Resources attitudinal	Internal	Mathiyazhagan, Govindan, Nooru Haq, and Geng (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Mehrabi et al. (2012)Mehrabi, J., Gharakhani, D., Jalalifar, S., & Rahmati, H. (2012). Barriers to green supply chain management in the petrochemical sector. Life Science Journal, 9(4), 3438-3442.; Mudgal. Shankar, Talib, and Raj (2010)Mudgal, R. K., Shankar, R., Talib, P., & Raj, T. (2010). Modelling the barriers of green supply chain practices: An Indian perspective. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 7(1), 81-107. doi:10.1504/IJLSM.2010.033891 https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLSM.2010.03389... ; Muduli and Barve (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Walker, Di Sisto, and Mcbain (2008)Walker, H., Sisto, L. Di, & McBain, D. (2008). Drivers and barriers to environmental supply chain management practices: Lessons from the public and private sectors. Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, 14(1), 69-85. doi:10.1016/j.pursup.2008.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2008.01... ; Walker and Jones (2012)
	B3	High investment and low financial return	Resources	Internal	Barve and Muduli (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Govindan et al. (2014)Govindan, K., Mathiyazhagan, K., Kannan, D., & Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, 147(Part B), 555-568. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.0... ; Mathiyazhagan et al. (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Mollenkopf et al. (2010)Mollenkopf, D., Stolze, H., Tate, W. L., & Ueltschy, M. (2010). Green, lean, and global supply chains. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 40(1/2), 14-41. doi:10.1108/09600031011018028 https://doi.org/10.1108/0960003101101802... ; Walker and Jones (2012)Walker, H., & Jones, N. (2012). Sustainable supply chain management across the UK private sector. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17(1), 15-28. doi:10.1108/13598541211212177 https://doi.org/10.1108/1359854121121217... ; Wycherley (1999)Wycherley, I. (1999). Greening supply chains: The case of The Body Shop International. Business Strategy and the Environment, 8(2), 120-127. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0836(199903/04)8:2<120::AID-BSE188>3.0.CO;2-X https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0836(... .
	B4	Unavailability of credit to finance green initiatives	Resources attitudinal	External	Govindan et al. (2014)Govindan, K., Mathiyazhagan, K., Kannan, D., & Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, 147(Part B), 555-568. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.0... ; Mathiyazhagan et al. (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... .
	B5	High cost of ecological packaging	Resources	External	Al Zaabi et al. (2013)Zaabi, S. Al, Dhaheri, N. Al, & Diabat, A. (2013). Analysis of interaction between the barriers for the implementation of sustainable supply chain management. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 68(1-4), 895-905. doi:10.1007/s00170-013-4951-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-4951-... ; Walker et al. (2008)Walker, H., Sisto, L. Di, & McBain, D. (2008). Drivers and barriers to environmental supply chain management practices: Lessons from the public and private sectors. Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, 14(1), 69-85. doi:10.1016/j.pursup.2008.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2008.01... .
	B6	High cost of waste disposal	Resources technique	External	Al Zaabi et al. (2013)Zaabi, S. Al, Dhaheri, N. Al, & Diabat, A. (2013). Analysis of interaction between the barriers for the implementation of sustainable supply chain management. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 68(1-4), 895-905. doi:10.1007/s00170-013-4951-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-4951-... ; Govindan et al. (2014)Govindan, K., Mathiyazhagan, K., Kannan, D., & Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, 147(Part B), 555-568. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.0... ; Mathiyazhagan et al. (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Muduli et al. (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... .
	B7	Lack of competitiveness of organic products	Resources	External	Bala, Muñoz, Rieradevall, and Ysern (2008)Bala, A., Muñoz, P., Rieradevall, J., & Ysern, P. (2008). Experiences with greening suppliers. The Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Journal of Cleaner Production, 16(15), 1610-1619. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2008.04.015 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2008.0... ; Bovell-Benjamin, Hathorn, Ibrahim, Gichuhi, and Bromfield (2009)Bovell-Benjamin, A. C., Hathorn, C. S., Ibrahim, S., Gichuhi, P. N., & Bromfield, E. M. (2009). Healthy food choices and physical activity opportunities in two contrasting Alabama cities. Health & Place, 15(2), 429-438. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2008.08.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.20... ; Kasim and Ismail (2012)Kasim, A., & Ismail, A. (2012). Environmentally friendly practices among restaurants: Drivers and barriers to change. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(4), 551-570. doi:10.1080/09669582.2011.621540 https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.62... ; Mosgaard, Riisgaard, and Huulgaard (2013)Mosgaard, M., Riisgaard, H., & Huulgaard, R. D. (2013). Greening non-product-related procurement: When policy meets reality. Journal of Cleaner Production, 39), 137-145. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.0... .
Environmental performance	B8	Environmentally inappropriate strategic planning	Attitudinal	Internal	Al Zaabi et al. (2013)Zaabi, S. Al, Dhaheri, N. Al, & Diabat, A. (2013). Analysis of interaction between the barriers for the implementation of sustainable supply chain management. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 68(1-4), 895-905. doi:10.1007/s00170-013-4951-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-4951-... ; Barve and Muduli (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Giunipero et al. (2012)Giunipero, L. C., Hooker, R. E., & Denslow, D. (2012). Purchasing and supply management sustainability: Drivers and barriers. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 18(4), 258-269. doi:10.1016/j.pursup.2012.06.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2012.06... ; Govindan et al. (2014)Govindan, K., Mathiyazhagan, K., Kannan, D., & Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, 147(Part B), 555-568. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.0... ; Mehrabi et al. (2012)Mehrabi, J., Gharakhani, D., Jalalifar, S., & Rahmati, H. (2012). Barriers to green supply chain management in the petrochemical sector. Life Science Journal, 9(4), 3438-3442.; Mudgal et al. (2010)Mudgal, R. K., Shankar, R., Talib, P., & Raj, T. (2010). Modelling the barriers of green supply chain practices: An Indian perspective. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 7(1), 81-107. doi:10.1504/IJLSM.2010.033891 https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLSM.2010.03389... ; Walker et al. (2008)Walker, H., Sisto, L. Di, & McBain, D. (2008). Drivers and barriers to environmental supply chain management practices: Lessons from the public and private sectors. Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, 14(1), 69-85. doi:10.1016/j.pursup.2008.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2008.01... .
	B9	Lack of metrics for internal performance evaluation	Information	Internal	Mathiyazhagan et al. (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Witczak et al. (2014)Witczak, J., Kasprzak, J., Klos, Z., Kurczewski, P., Lewandowska, A., & Lewicki, R. (2014). Life cycle thinking in small and medium enterprises: The results of research on the implementation of life cycle tools in Polish SMEs-part 2: LCA related aspects. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 19(4), 891-900. doi:10.1007/s11367-013-0687-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-013-0687-... .
	B10	Lack of metrics for performance evaluation common to chain members	Information	Internal External	Al Zaabi et al. (2013)Zaabi, S. Al, Dhaheri, N. Al, & Diabat, A. (2013). Analysis of interaction between the barriers for the implementation of sustainable supply chain management. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 68(1-4), 895-905. doi:10.1007/s00170-013-4951-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-4951-... ; Bala et al. (2008)Bala, A., Muñoz, P., Rieradevall, J., & Ysern, P. (2008). Experiences with greening suppliers. The Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Journal of Cleaner Production, 16(15), 1610-1619. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2008.04.015 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2008.0... ; Govindan et al. (2014)Govindan, K., Mathiyazhagan, K., Kannan, D., & Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, 147(Part B), 555-568. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.0... ; Mathiyazhagan et al. (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Mollenkopf et al. (2010)Mollenkopf, D., Stolze, H., Tate, W. L., & Ueltschy, M. (2010). Green, lean, and global supply chains. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 40(1/2), 14-41. doi:10.1108/09600031011018028 https://doi.org/10.1108/0960003101101802... ; Mudgal et al. (2010)Mudgal, R. K., Shankar, R., Talib, P., & Raj, T. (2010). Modelling the barriers of green supply chain practices: An Indian perspective. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 7(1), 81-107. doi:10.1504/IJLSM.2010.033891 https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLSM.2010.03389... .
	B11	Corporate restrictions regarding the product	Attitudinal	Internal	Govindan et al. (2014)Govindan, K., Mathiyazhagan, K., Kannan, D., & Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, 147(Part B), 555-568. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.0... ; Mathiyazhagan et al. (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Mudgal et al. (2010)Mudgal, R. K., Shankar, R., Talib, P., & Raj, T. (2010). Modelling the barriers of green supply chain practices: An Indian perspective. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 7(1), 81-107. doi:10.1504/IJLSM.2010.033891 https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLSM.2010.03389... .
	B12	Competition and uncertainty in the market	Attitudinal information	External	Luthra et al. (2011)Luthra, S., Kumar, V., Kumar, S., & Haleem, A. (2011). Barriers to implement green supply chain management in automobile industry using interpretive structural modeling technique: An Indian perspective. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 4(2), 231-257. doi:10.3926/jiem..v4n2.p231-257 https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem..v4n2.p231-... ; Mehrabi et al. (2012)Mehrabi, J., Gharakhani, D., Jalalifar, S., & Rahmati, H. (2012). Barriers to green supply chain management in the petrochemical sector. Life Science Journal, 9(4), 3438-3442.; Miao, Cai, and Xu (2012)Miao, Z., Cai, S., & Xu, D. (2012). Exploring the antecedents of logistics social responsibility: A focus on Chinese firms. International Journal Production Economics, 140(1), 18-27. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2011.05.030: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2011.05.0... .
	B13	Decrease in the efficiency of GSCM	Attitudinal	Internal External	Govindan et al. (2014)Govindan, K., Mathiyazhagan, K., Kannan, D., & Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, 147(Part B), 555-568. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.0... ; Kasim and Ismail (2012)Kasim, A., & Ismail, A. (2012). Environmentally friendly practices among restaurants: Drivers and barriers to change. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(4), 551-570. doi:10.1080/09669582.2011.621540 https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.62... ; Mathiyazhagan et al. (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Mollenkopf et al. (2010)Mollenkopf, D., Stolze, H., Tate, W. L., & Ueltschy, M. (2010). Green, lean, and global supply chains. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 40(1/2), 14-41. doi:10.1108/09600031011018028 https://doi.org/10.1108/0960003101101802... ; Muduli and Barve (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Walker and Jones (2012)Walker, H., & Jones, N. (2012). Sustainable supply chain management across the UK private sector. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17(1), 15-28. doi:10.1108/13598541211212177 https://doi.org/10.1108/1359854121121217... ; Witczak et al. (2014)Witczak, J., Kasprzak, J., Klos, Z., Kurczewski, P., Lewandowska, A., & Lewicki, R. (2014). Life cycle thinking in small and medium enterprises: The results of research on the implementation of life cycle tools in Polish SMEs-part 2: LCA related aspects. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 19(4), 891-900. doi:10.1007/s11367-013-0687-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-013-0687-... ; Wycherley (1999)Wycherley, I. (1999). Greening supply chains: The case of The Body Shop International. Business Strategy and the Environment, 8(2), 120-127. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0836(199903/04)8:2<120::AID-BSE188>3.0.CO;2-X https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0836(... .
	B14	Inadequate business self-regulation	Attitudinal	Internal	Mehrabi et al. (2012)Mehrabi, J., Gharakhani, D., Jalalifar, S., & Rahmati, H. (2012). Barriers to green supply chain management in the petrochemical sector. Life Science Journal, 9(4), 3438-3442.; Walker et al. (2008)Walker, H., Sisto, L. Di, & McBain, D. (2008). Drivers and barriers to environmental supply chain management practices: Lessons from the public and private sectors. Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, 14(1), 69-85. doi:10.1016/j.pursup.2008.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2008.01... .
	B15	Belief in the loss of competitive advantage	Attitudinal information	Internal	Mehrabi et al. (2012)Mehrabi, J., Gharakhani, D., Jalalifar, S., & Rahmati, H. (2012). Barriers to green supply chain management in the petrochemical sector. Life Science Journal, 9(4), 3438-3442.; Walker et al. (2008)Walker, H., Sisto, L. Di, & McBain, D. (2008). Drivers and barriers to environmental supply chain management practices: Lessons from the public and private sectors. Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, 14(1), 69-85. doi:10.1016/j.pursup.2008.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2008.01... .
	B16	Fear of failure	Attitudinal information	Internal	Govindan et al. (2014)Govindan, K., Mathiyazhagan, K., Kannan, D., & Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, 147(Part B), 555-568. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.0... ; Mathiyazhagan et al. (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1...
Operational performance	B17	Resistance to innovations in technology, materials and processes	Attitudinal technique	Internal	Barve and Muduli (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Govindan et al. (2014)Govindan, K., Mathiyazhagan, K., Kannan, D., & Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, 147(Part B), 555-568. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.0... ; Luthra et al. (2011)Luthra, S., Kumar, V., Kumar, S., & Haleem, A. (2011). Barriers to implement green supply chain management in automobile industry using interpretive structural modeling technique: An Indian perspective. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 4(2), 231-257. doi:10.3926/jiem..v4n2.p231-257 https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem..v4n2.p231-... ; Mathiyazhagan et al. (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Mehrabi et al. (2012)Mehrabi, J., Gharakhani, D., Jalalifar, S., & Rahmati, H. (2012). Barriers to green supply chain management in the petrochemical sector. Life Science Journal, 9(4), 3438-3442.; Muduli et al. (2013).
	B18	Lack of implementation of green practices	Attitudinal information	Internal External	Luthra et al. (2011)Luthra, S., Kumar, V., Kumar, S., & Haleem, A. (2011). Barriers to implement green supply chain management in automobile industry using interpretive structural modeling technique: An Indian perspective. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 4(2), 231-257. doi:10.3926/jiem..v4n2.p231-257 https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem..v4n2.p231-... ; Mudgal et al. (2010)Mudgal, R. K., Shankar, R., Talib, P., & Raj, T. (2010). Modelling the barriers of green supply chain practices: An Indian perspective. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 7(1), 81-107. doi:10.1504/IJLSM.2010.033891 https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLSM.2010.03389... ; Mehrabi et al. (2012)Mehrabi, J., Gharakhani, D., Jalalifar, S., & Rahmati, H. (2012). Barriers to green supply chain management in the petrochemical sector. Life Science Journal, 9(4), 3438-3442.; Muduli and Barve (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1...
	B19	Disbelief in the performance and quality of green products	Attitudinal information	Internal	Bala et al. (2008)Bala, A., Muñoz, P., Rieradevall, J., & Ysern, P. (2008). Experiences with greening suppliers. The Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Journal of Cleaner Production, 16(15), 1610-1619. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2008.04.015 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2008.0... ; Mosgaard et al. (2013)Mosgaard, M., Riisgaard, H., & Huulgaard, R. D. (2013). Greening non-product-related procurement: When policy meets reality. Journal of Cleaner Production, 39), 137-145. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.0... .
	B20	Lack of human resources	Resources	Internal	Govindan et al. (2014)Govindan, K., Mathiyazhagan, K., Kannan, D., & Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, 147(Part B), 555-568. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.0... ; Mathiyazhagan et al. (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Muduli et al. (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Witczak et al. (2014)Witczak, J., Kasprzak, J., Klos, Z., Kurczewski, P., Lewandowska, A., & Lewicki, R. (2014). Life cycle thinking in small and medium enterprises: The results of research on the implementation of life cycle tools in Polish SMEs-part 2: LCA related aspects. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 19(4), 891-900. doi:10.1007/s11367-013-0687-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-013-0687-... .
	B21	Lack of proper reverse logistics practices	Attitudinal technique	Internal External	Al Zaabi et al. (2013)Zaabi, S. Al, Dhaheri, N. Al, & Diabat, A. (2013). Analysis of interaction between the barriers for the implementation of sustainable supply chain management. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 68(1-4), 895-905. doi:10.1007/s00170-013-4951-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-4951-... ; Chen, Chen, Shen, Lo, and Chu (2014)Chen, S. M. S. M., Chen, Y-T., Shen, Y-H., Lo, S-T., & Chu, S-S. (2014). Green supply chain management as a conceptual framework for Taiwan textile industry. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 7(12), 2432-2436. doi:10.19026/rjaset.7.548 https://doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.7.548... ; Mathiyazhagan et al. (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Mudgal et al. (2010)Mudgal, R. K., Shankar, R., Talib, P., & Raj, T. (2010). Modelling the barriers of green supply chain practices: An Indian perspective. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 7(1), 81-107. doi:10.1504/IJLSM.2010.033891 https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLSM.2010.03389... ; Muduli et al. (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Sadrnia et al. (2013)Sadrnia, A., Ismail, N., Zulkifli, N., Ariffin, M. K. A., Nezamabadi-Pour, H., & Mirabi, H. (2013). A multi objective optimization model in automotive supply chain networks. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2013), 1-10. doi:10.1155/2013/823876doi.org/10.1155/201. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/823876doi.o... .
	B22	Low eco-efficiency due to complexities in product design	Information technique	Internal External	Al Zaabi et al. (2013)Zaabi, S. Al, Dhaheri, N. Al, & Diabat, A. (2013). Analysis of interaction between the barriers for the implementation of sustainable supply chain management. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 68(1-4), 895-905. doi:10.1007/s00170-013-4951-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-4951-... ; Govindan et al. (2014)Govindan, K., Mathiyazhagan, K., Kannan, D., & Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, 147(Part B), 555-568. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.0... ; Mathiyazhagan et al. (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... .
Knowledge and information	B23	Internal communication failures	Attitudinal information	Internal	Govindan et al. (2014)Govindan, K., Mathiyazhagan, K., Kannan, D., & Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, 147(Part B), 555-568. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.0... ; Mathiyazhagan et al. (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Muduli and Barve (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... .
	B24	Lack of implementation of information technologies (IT)	Information resources	Internal	Al Zaabi et al. (2013)Zaabi, S. Al, Dhaheri, N. Al, & Diabat, A. (2013). Analysis of interaction between the barriers for the implementation of sustainable supply chain management. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 68(1-4), 895-905. doi:10.1007/s00170-013-4951-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-4951-... ; Luthra et al. (2011)Luthra, S., Kumar, V., Kumar, S., & Haleem, A. (2011). Barriers to implement green supply chain management in automobile industry using interpretive structural modeling technique: An Indian perspective. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 4(2), 231-257. doi:10.3926/jiem..v4n2.p231-257 https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem..v4n2.p231-... ; Mudgal et al. (2010)Mudgal, R. K., Shankar, R., Talib, P., & Raj, T. (2010). Modelling the barriers of green supply chain practices: An Indian perspective. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 7(1), 81-107. doi:10.1504/IJLSM.2010.033891 https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLSM.2010.03389... .
	B25	Poor quality of human resources	Information resources	Internal	Barve and Muduli (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Luthra et al. (2011)Luthra, S., Kumar, V., Kumar, S., & Haleem, A. (2011). Barriers to implement green supply chain management in automobile industry using interpretive structural modeling technique: An Indian perspective. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 4(2), 231-257. doi:10.3926/jiem..v4n2.p231-257 https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem..v4n2.p231-... ; Mathiyazhagan et al. (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Muduli and Barve (2013).
	B26	Lack of knowledge or technique	Information	Internal	Govindan et al. (2014)Govindan, K., Mathiyazhagan, K., Kannan, D., & Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, 147(Part B), 555-568. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.0... ; Mathiyazhagan et al. (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Mehrabi et al. (2012)Mehrabi, J., Gharakhani, D., Jalalifar, S., & Rahmati, H. (2012). Barriers to green supply chain management in the petrochemical sector. Life Science Journal, 9(4), 3438-3442.; Mosgaard et al. (2013)Mosgaard, M., Riisgaard, H., & Huulgaard, R. D. (2013). Greening non-product-related procurement: When policy meets reality. Journal of Cleaner Production, 39), 137-145. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.0... ; Muduli and Barve (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Muduli et al. (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Witczak et al. (2014)Witczak, J., Kasprzak, J., Klos, Z., Kurczewski, P., Lewandowska, A., & Lewicki, R. (2014). Life cycle thinking in small and medium enterprises: The results of research on the implementation of life cycle tools in Polish SMEs-part 2: LCA related aspects. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 19(4), 891-900. doi:10.1007/s11367-013-0687-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-013-0687-... ; Thun and Muller (2010)Thun, J. H., & Müller, A. (2010). An empirical analysis of green supply chain management in the German automotive industry. Business Strategy and the Environment, 19(1), 119-132. doi:10.1002/bse.642 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.642... ; Walker and Jones (2012)Walker, H., & Jones, N. (2012). Sustainable supply chain management across the UK private sector. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17(1), 15-28. doi:10.1108/13598541211212177 https://doi.org/10.1108/1359854121121217...
	B27	Lack of staff training	Attitudinal information	Internal	Al Zaabi et al. (2013)Zaabi, S. Al, Dhaheri, N. Al, & Diabat, A. (2013). Analysis of interaction between the barriers for the implementation of sustainable supply chain management. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 68(1-4), 895-905. doi:10.1007/s00170-013-4951-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-4951-... ; Govindan et al. (2014)Govindan, K., Mathiyazhagan, K., Kannan, D., & Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, 147(Part B), 555-568. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.0... ; Mathiyazhagan et al. (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Mudgal et al. (2010)Mudgal, R. K., Shankar, R., Talib, P., & Raj, T. (2010). Modelling the barriers of green supply chain practices: An Indian perspective. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 7(1), 81-107. doi:10.1504/IJLSM.2010.033891 https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLSM.2010.03389... .
	B28	Difficulties in interpreting environmental and sustainable concepts	Attitudinal information	Internal	Al Zaabi et al. (2013)Zaabi, S. Al, Dhaheri, N. Al, & Diabat, A. (2013). Analysis of interaction between the barriers for the implementation of sustainable supply chain management. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 68(1-4), 895-905. doi:10.1007/s00170-013-4951-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-4951-... ; Giunipero et al. (2012)Giunipero, L. C., Hooker, R. E., & Denslow, D. (2012). Purchasing and supply management sustainability: Drivers and barriers. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 18(4), 258-269. doi:10.1016/j.pursup.2012.06.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2012.06... ; Solér et al. (2010)Solér, C., Bergström, K., & Shanahan, H. (2010). Green supply chains and the missing link between environmental information and practice. Business Strategy and the Environment, 19(1), 14-25. doi:10.1002/bse.655 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.655... ; Walker et al. (2008)Walker, H., Sisto, L. Di, & McBain, D. (2008). Drivers and barriers to environmental supply chain management practices: Lessons from the public and private sectors. Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, 14(1), 69-85. doi:10.1016/j.pursup.2008.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2008.01... ; Walker and Jones (2012).
	B29	Environmental Labeling	Attitudinal information	Internal	Chen et al. (2014)Chen, S. M. S. M., Chen, Y-T., Shen, Y-H., Lo, S-T., & Chu, S-S. (2014). Green supply chain management as a conceptual framework for Taiwan textile industry. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 7(12), 2432-2436. doi:10.19026/rjaset.7.548 https://doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.7.548... ; Wycherley (1999)Wycherley, I. (1999). Greening supply chains: The case of The Body Shop International. Business Strategy and the Environment, 8(2), 120-127. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0836(199903/04)8:2<120::AID-BSE188>3.0.CO;2-X https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0836(... .
	B30	Lack of information dissemination among chain members	Attitudinal information	External	Govindan et al. (2014)Govindan, K., Mathiyazhagan, K., Kannan, D., & Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, 147(Part B), 555-568. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.0... ; Mollenkopf et al. (2010)Mollenkopf, D., Stolze, H., Tate, W. L., & Ueltschy, M. (2010). Green, lean, and global supply chains. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 40(1/2), 14-41. doi:10.1108/09600031011018028 https://doi.org/10.1108/0960003101101802... ; Muduli and Barve (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Muduli et al. (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Solér et al. (2010)Solér, C., Bergström, K., & Shanahan, H. (2010). Green supply chains and the missing link between environmental information and practice. Business Strategy and the Environment, 19(1), 14-25. doi:10.1002/bse.655 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.655... ; Wycherley (1999)Wycherley, I. (1999). Greening supply chains: The case of The Body Shop International. Business Strategy and the Environment, 8(2), 120-127. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0836(199903/04)8:2<120::AID-BSE188>3.0.CO;2-X https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0836(... .
	B31	Linguistic and cultural diversity	Attitudinal information	External	Setthasakko (2009)Setthasakko, W. (2009). Barriers to implementing corporate environmental responsibility in Thailand: A qualitative approach. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 17(3), 169-183. doi:10.1108/19348830910974905 https://doi.org/10.1108/1934883091097490... ; Walker and Jones (2012)Walker, H., & Jones, N. (2012). Sustainable supply chain management across the UK private sector. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17(1), 15-28. doi:10.1108/13598541211212177 https://doi.org/10.1108/1359854121121217... .
Support and involvement	B32	Lack of public policies and favorable government regulations	Attitudinal	External	Al Zaabi et al. (2013)Zaabi, S. Al, Dhaheri, N. Al, & Diabat, A. (2013). Analysis of interaction between the barriers for the implementation of sustainable supply chain management. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 68(1-4), 895-905. doi:10.1007/s00170-013-4951-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-4951-... ; Barve and Muduli (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Chen et al. (2014)Chen, S. M. S. M., Chen, Y-T., Shen, Y-H., Lo, S-T., & Chu, S-S. (2014). Green supply chain management as a conceptual framework for Taiwan textile industry. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 7(12), 2432-2436. doi:10.19026/rjaset.7.548 https://doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.7.548... ; Govindan et al. (2014)Govindan, K., Mathiyazhagan, K., Kannan, D., & Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, 147(Part B), 555-568. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.0... ; Kasim and Ismail (2012)Kasim, A., & Ismail, A. (2012). Environmentally friendly practices among restaurants: Drivers and barriers to change. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(4), 551-570. doi:10.1080/09669582.2011.621540 https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.62... ; Luthra et al. (2011)Luthra, S., Kumar, V., Kumar, S., & Haleem, A. (2011). Barriers to implement green supply chain management in automobile industry using interpretive structural modeling technique: An Indian perspective. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 4(2), 231-257. doi:10.3926/jiem..v4n2.p231-257 https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem..v4n2.p231-... ; Mathiyazhagan et al. (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Mehrabi et al. (2012)Mehrabi, J., Gharakhani, D., Jalalifar, S., & Rahmati, H. (2012). Barriers to green supply chain management in the petrochemical sector. Life Science Journal, 9(4), 3438-3442.; Miao et al. (2012)Miao, Z., Cai, S., & Xu, D. (2012). Exploring the antecedents of logistics social responsibility: A focus on Chinese firms. International Journal Production Economics, 140(1), 18-27. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2011.05.030: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2011.05.0... ; Mosgaard et al. (2013)Mosgaard, M., Riisgaard, H., & Huulgaard, R. D. (2013). Greening non-product-related procurement: When policy meets reality. Journal of Cleaner Production, 39), 137-145. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.0... ; Mudgal et al. (2010)Mudgal, R. K., Shankar, R., Talib, P., & Raj, T. (2010). Modelling the barriers of green supply chain practices: An Indian perspective. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 7(1), 81-107. doi:10.1504/IJLSM.2010.033891 https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLSM.2010.03389... ; Muduli and Barve (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Muduli et al. (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Wycherley (1999)Wycherley, I. (1999). Greening supply chains: The case of The Body Shop International. Business Strategy and the Environment, 8(2), 120-127. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0836(199903/04)8:2<120::AID-BSE188>3.0.CO;2-X https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0836(... .
	B33	Lack of corporate socio-environmental responsibility	Attitudinal	Internal	Govindan et al. (2014)Govindan, K., Mathiyazhagan, K., Kannan, D., & Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, 147(Part B), 555-568. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.0... ; Mathiyazhagan et al. (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Mudgal et al. (2010)Mudgal, R. K., Shankar, R., Talib, P., & Raj, T. (2010). Modelling the barriers of green supply chain practices: An Indian perspective. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 7(1), 81-107. doi:10.1504/IJLSM.2010.033891 https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLSM.2010.03389... ; Setthasakko (2009)Setthasakko, W. (2009). Barriers to implementing corporate environmental responsibility in Thailand: A qualitative approach. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 17(3), 169-183. doi:10.1108/19348830910974905 https://doi.org/10.1108/1934883091097490... .
	B34	Lack of integration between members of the chain	Attitudinal	External	Mathiyazhagan et al. (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Miao et al. (2012)Miao, Z., Cai, S., & Xu, D. (2012). Exploring the antecedents of logistics social responsibility: A focus on Chinese firms. International Journal Production Economics, 140(1), 18-27. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2011.05.030: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2011.05.0... ; Mudgal et al. (2010)Mudgal, R. K., Shankar, R., Talib, P., & Raj, T. (2010). Modelling the barriers of green supply chain practices: An Indian perspective. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 7(1), 81-107. doi:10.1504/IJLSM.2010.033891 https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLSM.2010.03389... .
	B35	Lack of commitment by the senior management	Attitudinal	Internal	Al Zaabi et al. (2013)Zaabi, S. Al, Dhaheri, N. Al, & Diabat, A. (2013). Analysis of interaction between the barriers for the implementation of sustainable supply chain management. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 68(1-4), 895-905. doi:10.1007/s00170-013-4951-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-4951-... ; Barve and Muduli (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Giunipero et al. (2012)Giunipero, L. C., Hooker, R. E., & Denslow, D. (2012). Purchasing and supply management sustainability: Drivers and barriers. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 18(4), 258-269. doi:10.1016/j.pursup.2012.06.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2012.06... ; Govindan et al. (2014)Govindan, K., Mathiyazhagan, K., Kannan, D., & Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, 147(Part B), 555-568. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.0... ; Luthra et al. (2011)Luthra, S., Kumar, V., Kumar, S., & Haleem, A. (2011). Barriers to implement green supply chain management in automobile industry using interpretive structural modeling technique: An Indian perspective. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 4(2), 231-257. doi:10.3926/jiem..v4n2.p231-257 https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem..v4n2.p231-... ; Mathiyazhagan et al. (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Mehrabi et al. (2012)Mehrabi, J., Gharakhani, D., Jalalifar, S., & Rahmati, H. (2012). Barriers to green supply chain management in the petrochemical sector. Life Science Journal, 9(4), 3438-3442.; Mudgal et al. (2010)Mudgal, R. K., Shankar, R., Talib, P., & Raj, T. (2010). Modelling the barriers of green supply chain practices: An Indian perspective. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 7(1), 81-107. doi:10.1504/IJLSM.2010.033891 https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLSM.2010.03389... ; Muduli and Barve (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Muduli et al. (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Setthasakko (2009)Setthasakko, W. (2009). Barriers to implementing corporate environmental responsibility in Thailand: A qualitative approach. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 17(3), 169-183. doi:10.1108/19348830910974905 https://doi.org/10.1108/1934883091097490... ; Walker et al. (2008)Walker, H., Sisto, L. Di, & McBain, D. (2008). Drivers and barriers to environmental supply chain management practices: Lessons from the public and private sectors. Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, 14(1), 69-85. doi:10.1016/j.pursup.2008.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2008.01... ; Walker and Jones (2012)Walker, H., & Jones, N. (2012). Sustainable supply chain management across the UK private sector. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17(1), 15-28. doi:10.1108/13598541211212177 https://doi.org/10.1108/1359854121121217... ; Witczak et al. (2014)Witczak, J., Kasprzak, J., Klos, Z., Kurczewski, P., Lewandowska, A., & Lewicki, R. (2014). Life cycle thinking in small and medium enterprises: The results of research on the implementation of life cycle tools in Polish SMEs-part 2: LCA related aspects. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 19(4), 891-900. doi:10.1007/s11367-013-0687-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-013-0687-... .
	B36	Lack of commitment of employees	Attitudinal	Internal	Barve and Muduli (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Muduli and Barve (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Muduli et al. (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Thun and Muller (2010)Thun, J. H., & Müller, A. (2010). An empirical analysis of green supply chain management in the German automotive industry. Business Strategy and the Environment, 19(1), 119-132. doi:10.1002/bse.642 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.642... ; Walker et al. (2008)Walker, H., Sisto, L. Di, & McBain, D. (2008). Drivers and barriers to environmental supply chain management practices: Lessons from the public and private sectors. Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, 14(1), 69-85. doi:10.1016/j.pursup.2008.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2008.01... ; Walker and Jones (2012); Wycherley (1999)Wycherley, I. (1999). Greening supply chains: The case of The Body Shop International. Business Strategy and the Environment, 8(2), 120-127. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0836(199903/04)8:2<120::AID-BSE188>3.0.CO;2-X https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0836(... .
	B37	Lack of involvement in environmental networks	Attitudinal	External	Govindan et al. (2014)Govindan, K., Mathiyazhagan, K., Kannan, D., & Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, 147(Part B), 555-568. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.0... ; Mathiyazhagan et al. (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... .
	B38	Lack of supplier commitment	Attitudinal	External	Drohomeretski et al. (2014)Drohomeretski, E., Costa, S. G, & Lima, E. P. (2014). Green supply chain management: Drivers, barriers and practices within the Brazilian automotive industry. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 25(8), 1105-1134. doi:10.1108/JMTM-06-2014-0084 https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-06-2014-008... ; Govindan et al. (2014)Govindan, K., Mathiyazhagan, K., Kannan, D., & Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, 147(Part B), 555-568. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.0... ; Luthra et al. (2011)Luthra, S., Kumar, V., Kumar, S., & Haleem, A. (2011). Barriers to implement green supply chain management in automobile industry using interpretive structural modeling technique: An Indian perspective. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 4(2), 231-257. doi:10.3926/jiem..v4n2.p231-257 https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem..v4n2.p231-... ; Mathiyazhagan et al. (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Miao et al. (2012)Miao, Z., Cai, S., & Xu, D. (2012). Exploring the antecedents of logistics social responsibility: A focus on Chinese firms. International Journal Production Economics, 140(1), 18-27. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2011.05.030: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2011.05.0... ; Mollenkopf et al. (2010)Mollenkopf, D., Stolze, H., Tate, W. L., & Ueltschy, M. (2010). Green, lean, and global supply chains. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 40(1/2), 14-41. doi:10.1108/09600031011018028 https://doi.org/10.1108/0960003101101802... ; Mudgal et al. (2010)Mudgal, R. K., Shankar, R., Talib, P., & Raj, T. (2010). Modelling the barriers of green supply chain practices: An Indian perspective. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 7(1), 81-107. doi:10.1504/IJLSM.2010.033891 https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLSM.2010.03389... ; Walker et al. (2008)Walker, H., Sisto, L. Di, & McBain, D. (2008). Drivers and barriers to environmental supply chain management practices: Lessons from the public and private sectors. Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, 14(1), 69-85. doi:10.1016/j.pursup.2008.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2008.01... ; Walker and Jones (2012)Walker, H., & Jones, N. (2012). Sustainable supply chain management across the UK private sector. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17(1), 15-28. doi:10.1108/13598541211212177 https://doi.org/10.1108/1359854121121217... ; Wycherley (1999)Wycherley, I. (1999). Greening supply chains: The case of The Body Shop International. Business Strategy and the Environment, 8(2), 120-127. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0836(199903/04)8:2<120::AID-BSE188>3.0.CO;2-X https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0836(... .
	B39	Lack of client commitment	Attitudinal	External	Bala et al. (2008)Bala, A., Muñoz, P., Rieradevall, J., & Ysern, P. (2008). Experiences with greening suppliers. The Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Journal of Cleaner Production, 16(15), 1610-1619. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2008.04.015 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2008.0... ; Govindan et al. (2014)Govindan, K., Mathiyazhagan, K., Kannan, D., & Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, 147(Part B), 555-568. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.0... ; Kasim and Ismail (2012)Kasim, A., & Ismail, A. (2012). Environmentally friendly practices among restaurants: Drivers and barriers to change. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(4), 551-570. doi:10.1080/09669582.2011.621540 https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.62... ; Luthra et al. (2011)Luthra, S., Kumar, V., Kumar, S., & Haleem, A. (2011). Barriers to implement green supply chain management in automobile industry using interpretive structural modeling technique: An Indian perspective. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 4(2), 231-257. doi:10.3926/jiem..v4n2.p231-257 https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem..v4n2.p231-... ; Mathiyazhagan et al. (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Mehrabi et al. (2012)Mehrabi, J., Gharakhani, D., Jalalifar, S., & Rahmati, H. (2012). Barriers to green supply chain management in the petrochemical sector. Life Science Journal, 9(4), 3438-3442.; Miao et al. (2012)Miao, Z., Cai, S., & Xu, D. (2012). Exploring the antecedents of logistics social responsibility: A focus on Chinese firms. International Journal Production Economics, 140(1), 18-27. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2011.05.030: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2011.05.0... ; Mosgaard et al. (2013)Mosgaard, M., Riisgaard, H., & Huulgaard, R. D. (2013). Greening non-product-related procurement: When policy meets reality. Journal of Cleaner Production, 39), 137-145. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.0... ; Mudgal et al. (2010)Mudgal, R. K., Shankar, R., Talib, P., & Raj, T. (2010). Modelling the barriers of green supply chain practices: An Indian perspective. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 7(1), 81-107. doi:10.1504/IJLSM.2010.033891 https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLSM.2010.03389... ; Muduli et al. (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Solér et al. (2010)Solér, C., Bergström, K., & Shanahan, H. (2010). Green supply chains and the missing link between environmental information and practice. Business Strategy and the Environment, 19(1), 14-25. doi:10.1002/bse.655 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.655... ; Wycherley (1999)Wycherley, I. (1999). Greening supply chains: The case of The Body Shop International. Business Strategy and the Environment, 8(2), 120-127. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0836(199903/04)8:2<120::AID-BSE188>3.0.CO;2-X https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0836(... .
	B40	Resistance to change	Attitudinal	Internal	Barve and Muduli (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Mudgal et al. (2010)Mudgal, R. K., Shankar, R., Talib, P., & Raj, T. (2010). Modelling the barriers of green supply chain practices: An Indian perspective. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 7(1), 81-107. doi:10.1504/IJLSM.2010.033891 https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLSM.2010.03389... ; Mathiyazhagan et al. (2013)Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Haq, A. N., & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 283-297. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Muduli et al. (2013).
	B41	Incompatibility of legal requirements among countries	Attitudinal	Internal	Giunipero et al. (2012)Giunipero, L. C., Hooker, R. E., & Denslow, D. (2012). Purchasing and supply management sustainability: Drivers and barriers. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 18(4), 258-269. doi:10.1016/j.pursup.2012.06.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2012.06... ; Thun and Muller (2010)Thun, J. H., & Müller, A. (2010). An empirical analysis of green supply chain management in the German automotive industry. Business Strategy and the Environment, 19(1), 119-132. doi:10.1002/bse.642 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.642... ; Walker and Jones (2012)Walker, H., & Jones, N. (2012). Sustainable supply chain management across the UK private sector. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17(1), 15-28. doi:10.1108/13598541211212177 https://doi.org/10.1108/1359854121121217... .
	B42	Dependency among members of the chain	Attitudinal	External	Bala et al. (2008)Bala, A., Muñoz, P., Rieradevall, J., & Ysern, P. (2008). Experiences with greening suppliers. The Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Journal of Cleaner Production, 16(15), 1610-1619. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2008.04.015 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2008.0... ; Thun and Muller (2010)Thun, J. H., & Müller, A. (2010). An empirical analysis of green supply chain management in the German automotive industry. Business Strategy and the Environment, 19(1), 119-132. doi:10.1002/bse.642 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.642... .
	B43	Lack of integration with stakeholders	Attitudinal	External	Barve and Muduli (2013)Muduli, K., Govindan, K., Barve, A., & Geng, Y. (2013). Barriers to green supply chain management in Indian mining industries: A graph theoretic approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47), 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.1... ; Mehrabi et al. (2012)Mehrabi, J., Gharakhani, D., Jalalifar, S., & Rahmati, H. (2012). Barriers to green supply chain management in the petrochemical sector. Life Science Journal, 9(4), 3438-3442.; Muduli et al. (2013).

Total number of experts in the panel	Proportion of agreement(Essential item)	CVR(Exact values)	N_crítico(Minimum number of experts in agreement)
17	0.765	0.529	13
18	0.722	0.444	13
19	0.737	0.474	14
20	0.750	0.500	15
21	0.714	0.429	15

Influence over:	Total number of barriers		Validated barriers	% of validation
Influence over:	Qty	Description	Validated barriers	% of validation
1 - Economic performance	7	B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7	B1, B2	28.6
2 - Environmental performance	9	B8, B9, B10, B11, B12, B13, B14, B15, B16	B8, B12	22.2
3 - Operational performance	6	B17, B18, B19, B20, B21, B22	B17, B21, B22	50.0
4 - Knowledge and information	9	B23, B24, B25, B26, B27, B28, B29, B30, B31	B26	11.1
5 - Support and involvement	12	B32, B33, B34, B35, B36, B37, B38, B39, B40, B41, B42, B43	B33, B35, B38, B39, B43	41.7

Criteria		Decision maker 1		Decision maker 2		Decision maker 3
EP	Economic performance	0.214	3^rd	0.537	1^st	0.232	2^nd
EnP	Environmental performance	0.076	5^th	0.079	4^th	0.035	5^th
OP	Operational performance	0.134	4^th	0.169	2^nd	0.107	3^rd
KI	Knowledge and information	0.230	2^nd	0.041	5^th	0.095	4^th
SI	Support and involvement	0.345	1^st	0.174	3^rd	0.531	1^st

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[1] flacrisil@uninove.edu.br