What do patients know about healthcare-associated infections? What do they want to know? Ethical evaluation

Sahiner, Pervin

doi:10.1590/1806-9282.20230292

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Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira

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Sumário

Original Article • Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 69 (8) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.20230292 copy

What do patients know about healthcare-associated infections? What do they want to know? Ethical evaluation

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION:

Patients hospitalized for treatment may be exposed to healthcare-associated infections, and these infections can affect patients seriously.

OBJECTIVE:

This research was conducted to determine what hospitalized patients know and what they want to know about healthcare-associated infections.

METHODS:

This is a full-text original research article. The study was conducted between July and September 2022 with inpatients in all clinics of Kocaeli University Hospital in Turkey. A total of 310 patients participated in this cross-sectional study. The questions were asked by the researcher and the answers were recorded.

RESULTS:

Almost all (92.8%) the patients who stated that they knew what healthcare-associated infection was evaluated their knowledge as insufficient. Patients with higher educational levels have more information (p=0.000) about healthcare-associated infections. Young (p=0.000) and highly educated patients (p=0.000) stated that the infection rate of the hospital would affect the choice of hospital.

CONCLUSION:

Patients want to learn about healthcare-associated infections, but most do not know about them. Patients should be informed about healthcare-associated infections during hospitalization planning and hospitalization.

KEYWORDS:
Patient; Safety; Healthcare associated infection; Ethics

		n	%
What do you know about HAI? (n=97)^* * Patients answered the relevant question.
	It is serious	84	86.2
	Other^ HAI develops in every hospitalized patient, treatment of HAI is difficult and expensive, HAI develops in patients hospitalized in intensive care, HAI passes through operating rooms, and HAI passes through the hospital environment.	13	13.8
Do you find their knowledge about HAI sufficient? (n=97)^* * Patients answered the relevant question.
	Yes	7	7.2
	No	90	92.8
What do you want to know about HAI?^* ***** Patients reported more than one opinion.
	Reason of HAI	266	85.8
	Signs and symptoms of HAI	265	85.5
	Whether they are at risk	262	84.5
	How to prevented	262	84.5
	Risks and complications	242	78.1
	Treatment and cost	224	72.3
Do you think HAI can be prevented?
	Yes	262	84.5
	No	48	15.5
Where did you learn about HAI? (n=95)
	From persons with hospital infections	35	36.1
	From the healthcare worker	29	32.0
	From the Internet	23	23.7
	From previous HAI experience	8	8.2
Were patients exposed to HAI while they were hospitalized? (n=310)
	Yes	49	15.5
	No	261	84.5
Types of HAI (n=49)
	Surgical site infections	20	40.8
	Urinary tract infection	11	22.4
	Pneumonia	11	22.4
	Bloodstream infections	7	14.3
Do you want to be told if you are exposed to HAI?
	Yes	293	94.5
	No	17	5.5
Why do you want to know if you develop HAI?^* ***** Patients reported more than one opinion.
	Being aware of what happened to me	276	89.0
	Consciously participating in treatment	156	50.3
	Protecting other patients from infection	122	39.4
What are their roles and responsibilities in the prevention of HAIs?^* ***** Patients reported more than one opinion.
	Washing hands and paying attention to personal hygiene	301	97.1
	Not going to other patients’ rooms	78	25.2
	Notifying the healthcare worker when I realize that I have a problem myself	74	23.9

		Do you know what HAIs are?			Do you want to know the HAI incidence rate of the hospital?			Does the HAI rate of the hospital affect your choice of hospital?
		Yes	No	p	Yes	No	p	Yes	No	p
		n (%)	n (%)	p	n (%)	n (%)	p	n (%)	n (%)	p
Education
	Less than high school	46 (23.8)	147 (76.2)	0.000	175 (90.7)	18 (9.3)	0.612	98 (50.0)	95 (49.2)	0.000
	High school and above	51 (43.6)	66 (56.4)	0.000	104 (88.9)	13 (11.1)	0.612	86 (73.5)	31 (26.5)	0.000
Gender
	Female	55 (31.1)	122 (68.9)	0.924	154 (87.0)	23 (13.0)	0.043	111 (62.7)	66 (37.3)	0.119
	Male	42 (31.6)	91 (68.4)	0.924	125 (94.4)	8 (6.0)	0.043	73 (54.9)	60 (45.1)	0.119
Age (years)
	18–37	16 (23.5)	52 (76.5)	0.293	60 (88.2)	8 (11.8)	0.828	52 (76.5)	16 (23.5)
	38–57	36 (33.0)	73 (67.0)		98 (89.9)	11 (10.1)		70 (64.2)	39 (35.8)	0.000
	58 and above	45 (33.8)	88 (66.2)		121 (91.0)	12 (9.0)		62 (46.6)	71 (53.4)	0.000
Clinic
	Internal medicine clinics	35 (31.5)	76 (68.5)	0.945	101 (91.0)	10 (9.0)	0.844	62 (55.9)	49 (44.1)	0.399
	Surgery clinics	62 (31.2)	137 (68.8)	0.945	178 (89.4)	21 (10.6)	0.844	122 (61.3)	77 (38.7)	0.399
How many days in the hospital
	1–6 days	67 (33.0)	136 (67.0)	0.370	182 (89.7)	21 (10.3)	0.845	134 (66.0)	69 (34.0)	0.001
	7 days and above	30 (28.0)	77 (72.0)	0.370	97 (90.7)	10 (9.3)	0.845	50 (46.7)	57 (53.3)	0.001

		Would you warn the healthcare worker if he or she engages in a behavior that may expose you to HAI?			If you do not warn, what is the reason?
					I hesitate to warn			If I warn, my treatment will be adversely affected
		Yes	No	p	Yes	No	p	Yes	No	p
		n (%)	n (%)	p	n (%)	n (%)	p	n (%)	n (%)	p
Education
	Less than high school	124 (64.2)	69 (35.8)	0.000	66 (34.2)	127 (65.8)	0.002	24 (12.4)	169 (87.6)	0.066
	High school and above	97 (82.9)	20 (17.1)	0.000	21 (17.9)	96 (82.1)	0.002	7 (6.0)	110 (94.0)	0.066
Gender
	Female	128 (72.3)	49 (27.7)	0.645	48 (27.1)	129 (72.9)	0.669	17 (9.6)	160 (90.4)	0789
	Male	93 (69.9)	40 (30.1)	0.645	39 (29.3)	94 (70.7)	0.669	14 (10.5)	119 (89.5)	0789
Age (years)
	18–37	55 (80.9)	13 (19.1)	0.017	13 (19.1)	55 (80.9)	0.034	3 (4.4)	65 (95.6)	0.213
	38–57	82 (75.2)	27 (24.8)		27 (24.8)	82 (75.2)		12 (11.0)	97 (89.0)
	58 and above	84 (63.2)	49 (36.8)		47 (35.3)	86 (64.7)		16 (12.0)	117 (88.0)
Clinic
	Internal medicine clinics	68 (61.3)	43 (38.7)	0.004	42 (37.8)	69 (62.2)	0.004	13 (11.7)	98 (88,3)	0.453
	Surgery clinics	153 (76.9)	46 (23.1)	0.004	45 (22.6)	154 (77.4)	0.004	18 (9.0)	181 (91.0)	0.453
How many days in the hospital
	1–6 days	154 (75.9)	49 (24.1)	0.014	47 (23.2)	156 (76.8)	0.008	17 (8.4)	186 (91.6)	0.189
	7 days and above	67 (62.6)	40 (37.4)	0.014	40 (37.4)	(67 (62.6)	0.008	14 (13.1)	93 (86.9)	0.189

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[1] *Corresponding author: sahinerpervin20@gmail.com