The effects of physical activity during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood on cardiovascular risk factors among adults

Werneck, André O.; Agostinete, Ricardo R.; Lima, Manoel Carlos S. de; Turi-Lynch, Bruna C.; Fernandes, Romulo A.

doi:10.1590/1806-9282.65.11.1337

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Rapid Communication • Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 65 (11) • Nov 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.11.1337 copy

The effects of physical activity during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood on cardiovascular risk factors among adults

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

SUMMARY

OBJECTIVES:

To analyze the association between physical activity during life and cardiovascular risk factors among adults.

DESIGN:

The sample was composed of 101 adults (59 men) between 30 and 50 years old, who were recruited from different gyms and from a University in Brasil. Participants were divided according to their engagement in sports in early life (self-reported) and current physical activity (pedometer) (sports participation during childhood/adolescence and currently active [n=26], sports participation during childhood/adolescence and currently inactive [n=26], and control [n=49]). Cardiovascular risk factors were measured, such as body fat (through DXA), HDL-C, triglycerides, HOMA index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and C-reactive protein. We adopted the covariates of chronological age, sex, alcohol consumption, tobacco, and body mass index. General estimating equations were used, with p<0.05.

RESULTS:

After the adjustments of the final model, individuals engaged in sports during childhood and adolescence and inactive during adulthood presented lower body fat, when compared to participants persistently inactive (p<0.001). Participants persistently active presented lower body fat (p<0.001) and lower c-reactive protein (p=0.010) when compared to the control group.

CONCLUSION:

Early sports participation was associated with reduced body fat, and being physically active throughout life was associated with reduced body fat and C-reactive protein.

KEYWORDS:
Motor activity; Sports; Chronic disease; Exercise

Variables	Men (n=59)	Women (n=42)	p
Chronological age (years)	39.3 ± 5.8	40.2 ± 6.8	0.513
BMI (kg/m²)	27.2 ± 3.8	25.3 ± 5.0	0.004
Body fat (%)	27.3 ± 8.2	37.3 ± 10.9	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	117.3 ± 9.8	104.5 ± 11.9	<0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	81.4 ± 5.5	74.8 ± 7.6	<0.001
HOMA (score)	1.63 ± 1.36	1.27 ± 0.91	0.148
HDL-C (mg/dL)	47.1 ± 9.9	58.9 ± 12.1	<0.001
Tryglicerids (mg/dL)	142.0 ± 100.0	87.7 ± 43.7	0.001
C-reactive protein (mg/dL)	2.90 ± 3.40	3.69 ± 4.55	0.959
Mean number of steps (n)	8,314 ± 3,494	8,324 ± 3,399	0.995
Current physically active (%)	25.4%	27.9%	0.931
Early sports practice (%)	54.2%	46.5%	0.512
Tobacco smoking (%)	6.8%	0%	0.085
Alcohol drinking (≥2x week) (%)	20.3%	11.9%	0.264

Physical activity patterns
	Control(n=49)	Early practice / inactive (n=26)	Early practice / active (n=26)
	Mean (95%CI)	Mean (95%CI)	Mean (95%CI)	Wald	p
Model 1
Body fat (%)	37.8 (36.3 to 39.5)	26.0 (23.5 to 28.7)^a a = p<0.05 vs. control. CI = confidence interval. Significant differences in bold	23.6 (21.0 to 26.6)^a a = p<0.05 vs. control. CI = confidence interval. Significant differences in bold	90.21	<0.001
HDL-C (mg/dL)	47.6 (45.3 to 50.1)	55.3 (51.1 to 59.8)^a a = p<0.05 vs. control. CI = confidence interval. Significant differences in bold	55.7 (51.8 to 60.0)^a a = p<0.05 vs. control. CI = confidence interval. Significant differences in bold	16.77	<0.001
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	144.3 (125.3 to 166.3)	84.0 (71.8 to 98.3)^a a = p<0.05 vs. control. CI = confidence interval. Significant differences in bold	90.9 (70.1 to 117.8)^a a = p<0.05 vs. control. CI = confidence interval. Significant differences in bold	27.76	<0.001
HOMA (score)	2.06 (1.71 to 2.47)	0.95 (0.78 to 1.15)^a a = p<0.05 vs. control. CI = confidence interval. Significant differences in bold	0.87 (0.74 to 1.02)^a a = p<0.05 vs. control. CI = confidence interval. Significant differences in bold	54.01	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	113.8 (110.8 to 116.9)	110.3 (106.5 to 114.2)	109.5 (106.0 to 113.0)	4.09	0.130
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	79.8 (77.8 to 81.8)	78.1 (76.3 to 79.9)	76.7 (74.4 to 79.1)	4.10	0.129
C-reactive protein (mg/dL)	4.76 (3.69 to 6.13)	2.20 (1.22 to 3.98)^a a = p<0.05 vs. control. CI = confidence interval. Significant differences in bold	1.30 (0.85 to 1.98)^a a = p<0.05 vs. control. CI = confidence interval. Significant differences in bold	29.11	<0.001
Model 2
Body fat (%)	35.0 (33.7 to 36.4)	27.48 (25.5 to 29.7)^a a = p<0.05 vs. control. CI = confidence interval. Significant differences in bold	24.72 (22.7 to 26.9)^a a = p<0.05 vs. control. CI = confidence interval. Significant differences in bold	66.65	<0.001
HDL-C (mg/dL)	49.1 (46.6 to 51.8)	53.5 (49.6 to 57.8)	53.8 (50.3 to 57.7)	4.89	0.087
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	132.3 (118.4 to 147.8)	89.63 (75.8 to 105.9)^a a = p<0.05 vs. control. CI = confidence interval. Significant differences in bold	96.03 (73.7 to 125.1)^a a = p<0.05 vs. control. CI = confidence interval. Significant differences in bold	15.64	<0.001
HOMA (score)	1.67 (1.44 to 1.93)	1.07 (0.90 to 1.27)^a a = p<0.05 vs. control. CI = confidence interval. Significant differences in bold	1.01 (0.85 to 1.21)^a a = p<0.05 vs. control. CI = confidence interval. Significant differences in bold	17.66	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	110.7 (108.1 to 113.3)	113.0 (108.8 to 117.3)	112.14 (109.1 to 115.3)	0.85	0.654
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	78.8 (76.9 to 81.1)	78.98 (76.9 to 81.1)	77.48 (75.3 to 79.8)	1.16	0.560
C-reactive protein (mg/dL)	4.08 (3.18 to 5.22)	2.41 (1.35 to 4.31)	1.44 (0.95 to 2.18)^a a = p<0.05 vs. control. CI = confidence interval. Significant differences in bold	17.51	<0.001
Model 3
Body fat (%)	34.8 (33.3 to 36.3)	27.5 (25.6 to 29.5)^a a = p<0.05 vs. control. CI = confidence interval. Significant differences in bold	24.9 (22.9 to 27.1)^a a = p<0.05 vs. control. CI = confidence interval. Significant differences in bold	54.91	<0.001
HDL-C (mg/dL)	–	–	–	–	–
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	126.7 (107.7 to 149.1)	92.1 (77.6 to 109.3)	98.4 (72.5 to 133.5)	5.47	0.065
HOMA (score)	1.43 (1.24 to 1.66)	1.18 (1.02 to 1.37)	1.14 (0.97 to 1.34)	4.11	0.128
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	–	–	–	–	–
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	–	–	–	–	–
C-reactive protein (mg/dL)	4.12 (2.83 to 5.99)	2.13 (1.47 to 3.09)	1.33 (0.77 to 2.29)^a a = p<0.05 vs. control. CI = confidence interval. Significant differences in bold	9.16	0.010

Associação Médica Brasileira R. São Carlos do Pinhal, 324, 01333-903 São Paulo SP - Brazil, Tel: +55 11 3178-6800, Fax: +55 11 3178-6816 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: ramb@amb.org.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: André O. Werneck, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua Roberto Símonsen, 305 - Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brasil - Zipcode: 19060-900 Tel: +55 (18) 3229-5388 E-mail: andreowerneck@gmail.com