Comparison of feeding habits and physical activity between eutrophic and
               overweight/obese children and adolescents: a cross sectional study

Nogueira-de-Almeida, Carlos Alberto; Pires, Lara Aquino Ferreira; Miyasaka, Jordan; Bueno, Vanessa; Khouri, Juliana Mathias Netto; Ramos, Marianna Lorenzo S. Ramos; Ceccato, Yara Cristina; Costa, Vivian; Maia Júnior, Francisco de Assis

doi:10.1590/1806-9282.61.03.227

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 61 (3) • May-Jun 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.61.03.227 copy

Comparison of feeding habits and physical activity between eutrophic and overweight/obese children and adolescents: a cross sectional study

Comparação de hábitos alimentares e atividade física entre crianças e adolescentes eutróficos e portadores de sobrepeso/ obesidade: estudo transversal.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Summary

Objective:

it is broadly accepted, but little explored, that obese children practice less physical activity and eat more. This study has the objective of comparing feeding habits and physical activity between eutrophic and overweight/obese children and adolescents.

Methods:

126 students with ages ranging from 6 to 18 years were evaluated. Eutrophic and overweight/obese students were compared according to calorie intake, macro and micronutrients, prevalence of physical inactivity and ingestion of micronutrients.

Results:

differences were observed in the amount of calories ingested per unit of BMI (eutrophic, 97.6, and overweight/obese, 70.5, p=0.0061), as well as in calcium intake (eutrophic, 546.2, and overweight/obese, 440.7, p=0.0366). Both groups presented sedentarism, as well as a high prevalence of micronutrient intake deficiency, especially calcium and vitamins A, E, and C, but with no difference observed between eutrophic and overweight/obese subjects.

Conclusion:

energy and macronutrients consumption, as well as physical activity, were similar between eutrophic and overweight/obese. Calcium intake was lower in the overweight/obese group and the ingestion of vitamin C was lower in the eutrophic group. These results demonstrate the importance of considering all etiologic factors that may lead to obesity, so that new strategies for prevention and control may be added to traditional interventions.

Keywords:
obesity; overweight; sedentary lifestyle; food consumption; micronutrients; health education

	Eutrophic median (CI)	Overweight/obese median (CI)	p^* * Mann-Whitney Test.
Energy (cal)	1637.9 (1581.8 – 1970.2)	1771.5 (1580.4 – 1916.3)	0.7036
Energy (cal) per BMI unit (kg/m2)	97.6 (92.2 -112.5)	70.5 (72.2 – 90.8)	0.0061
Carbohydrates (g)	227.9 (213.3 – 272.6)	229.1 (212.5 – 264.8)	0.8841
Proteins (g)	77.4 (71.5 – 89.0)	74.8 (68.7 – 83.7)	0.7220
Lipids (g)	46.5 (45.5 – 59.7)	55.7 (46.1 – 61.8)	0.5206
Zinc (mg)	9.2 (9.0 – 11.5)	9.7 (9.2 – 11.6)	0.4798
Calcium (mg)	546.2 (517.2 – 673.9)	440.7 (404.4 – 523.4)	0.0366
Iron (mg)	12.3 (12.4 – 15.8)	12.7 (12.2 – 15.3)	0.8705
Magnesium (mg)	245.2 (229.2 – 277.1)	225.3 (216.4 – 279.7)	0.4541
Vitamin A (microgram retinol)	270.0 (280.3 – 442.2)	203.3 (199.6 – 320.7)	0.0614
Vitamin E (microgram alphaTE)	2.6 (2.4 – 3.5)	2.1 (2.5 – 4.5)	0.8958
Vitamin C (mg)	19.4 (30.5 – 55.9)	38.1 (44.6 – 77.3)	0.0166
Vitamin B12 (microgram)	3.5 (1.6 – 11.5)	3.8 (3.2 – 4.6)	0.7858
Vitamin B6 (mg)	1.1 (1.2 – 1.7)	1.2 (1.1 – 1.4)	0.7706

	Eutrophic	Overweight/ obese	p^ Fischer's exact test.	POF 2008-2009 boys (10 to 13 years old/14 to 18 years old)	POF 2008-2009 girls (10 to 13 years old/14 to 18 years old)
Sedentarism^* * Sedentary insufficiently active according to IPAQ	43.8%	35.8%	0.8129
Zinc	34.2%	20.8%	0.1131	18.2% / 19.9%	19.4% / 21.7%
Calcium	90.4%	98.1%	0.1372	96.4% / 95.1%	97.2% / 97.3%
Iron	23.3%	18.9%	0.6617	8% / 11.5%	7.4% / 24.2%
Magnesium	31.5%	28.3%	0.8443	36.8% / 78.2%	42.4% / 84.7%
Vitamin A	61.6%	75.5%	0.1247	66.5% / 82%	63.3% / 72.4%
Vitamin E	98.6%	94.3%	0.3089	99.2% / 99.9%	99.8% / 100%
Vitamin C	65.8%	43.1%	0.0689	35.1% / 52.7%	33% / 42.1%
Vitamin B12	21.9%	17.0%	0.6515	7.6% / 11%	4.8% / 11.7%
Vitamin B6	27.4%	18.9%	0.2965	11.8% / 22%	9.5% / 22.4%

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