Prevalence of immunization against influenza in elderly Brazilians: National Health Survey, 2019

Santos Júnior, Claudio José dos; Campelo, Luiz Marques; Oliveira, Elaine Cristina Torres

doi:10.1590/1806-9282.20230790

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Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 70 (2) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.20230790 copy

Prevalence of immunization against influenza in elderly Brazilians: National Health Survey, 2019

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

SUMMARY

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of influenza immunization in elderly people in Brazil in 2019.

METHODS:

This is a population-based cross-sectional study. The Brazilian individuals (≥60 years) who participated in the 2019 National Health Survey were included. The survey was conducted in permanent households in Brazil from August 2019 to March 2020. The prevalences of influenza vaccination and their respective confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated according to sociodemographic characteristics and the diagnosis of chronic diseases.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of influenza vaccination was 72.4% (95%CI 71.5–73.2), with statistically significant differences observed between genders (p=0.001), age groups (p=0.001), and those living with a spouse/partner (p=0.002). Significant differences were found in groups with arterial hypertension (75.2%, p<0.001), diabetes (77.2%, p<0.001), and arthritis or rheumatism (75.5%, p<0.001).

CONCLUSION:

A global prevalence of influenza vaccination of 72.4% was estimated among elderly people in Brazil.

KEYWORDS
Influenza vaccines; Aged; Health surveys; Brazil

Variables	Vaccinated			Not vaccinated			p-value
Variables	No	%	95%CI	No	%	95%CI	p-value
Region
North	5067	72.0	70.2–73.7	2059	28.0	26.3–29.8	0.110
Northeast	10799	71.5	70.3–72.7	4384	28.5	27.3–29.7
Southeast	7912	72.3	70.8–73.9	2743	27.7	26.1–29.2
South	4363	72.7	71.0–74.3	1678	27.3	25.7–29.0
Midwest	3406	75.6	73.5–77.5	1143	24.4	22.5–26.5
Gender
Male	13618	71.2	70.1–72.3	5585	28.8	27.7–29.9	0.001
Female	17929	73.2	72.3–74.2	6422	26.8	25.8–27.7	0.001
Age group
60–69 years	17017	70.3	69.2–71.3	7230	29.7	28.7–30.8	0.000
70 years or older	14530	75.0	73.8–76.2	4777	25.0	23.8–26.2	0.000
Lives with spouse/partner
Yes	18264	73.4	72.2–74.5	6553	26.6	25.5–27.8	0.002
No	13283	71.1	70.0–72.2	5454	28.9	27.8–30.0	0.002
Can read and write
Yes	24315	72.5	71.5–73.4	8879	27.5	26.6–28.5	0.610
No	7232	71.6	70.3–72.8	3128	28.4	27.2–29.7	0.610
Race/color^* 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; missing=6; *1 minimum wage in 2019 was equivalent to R$ 998.00 (Brazilian Reais). Statistically significant values are indicated in bold. Source: National Health Survey 2019.
White and yellow	14023	71.8	70.6–73.0	5205	28.2	27.0–29.4	0.125
Black, brown, and indigenous	17519	73.0	72.0–74.0	6801	27.0	26.0–28.0	0.125
Per capita monthly income^** 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; missing=6; *1 minimum wage in 2019 was equivalent to R$ 998.00 (Brazilian Reais). Statistically significant values are indicated in bold. Source: National Health Survey 2019.
≤1 minimum wage	14473	71.5	70.4–72.7	6001	28.5	27.3–29.6	0.069
>1 minimum wage	17074	73.0	71.8–74.1	6006	27.0	25.9–28.2	0.069

Variables	Disease prevalence		Vaccination prevalence
Variables	%	95%CI	%	95%CI	p-value
Arterial hypertension	56.2	55.1–57.2	75.2	73.9–76.4	0.000
Diabetes mellitus	20.6	19.7–21.5	77.2	75.1–79.2	0.000
Arthritis or rheumatism	18.0	17.2–18.8	75.8	73.5–77.9	0.000
Heart disease	13.2	12.5–13.9	71.8	69.1–74.4	0.960
Cancer	6.9	6.3–7.5	71.5	64.8–77.5	0.185
Stroke	5.4	5.0–5.8	74.9	70.7–78.6	0.118
Asthma	4.7	4.3–5.2	75.5	71.1–79.3	0.078
Lung disease or COPD	3.0	2.7–3.4	75.5	69.0–80.9	0.231
Chronic kidney failure	2.5	2.2–2.8	71.5	64.8–75.5	0.944

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[1] * Corresponding author: claudiojunior@usp.br