Self-reported symptoms and seroprevalence against SARS-CoV-2 in the population of Mato Grosso: a household-based survey in 2020

Terças-Trettel, Ana Cláudia Pereira; Muraro, Ana Paula; Andrade, Amanda Cristina de Souza; Oliveira, Elaine Cristina de

doi:10.1590/1806-9282.20220078

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Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira

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Original Article • Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 68 (7) • July 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.20220078 copy

Self-reported symptoms and seroprevalence against SARS-CoV-2 in the population of Mato Grosso: a household-based survey in 2020

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

SUMMARY

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to analyze the association between self-reported symptoms and seroprevalence against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the population of Mato Grosso.

METHODS:

A household-based survey was conducted on 4,206 adults from 10 municipalities of Mato Grosso, in the Brazilian Midwest, who were selected by cluster sampling in three stages. Questionnaires were applied between September and October 2020, and chemiluminescence was used for the quantitative determination of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against the S1 and S2 proteins of SARS-CoV-2.

RESULTS:

Approximately half (47.0%) of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (12.5%) reported having no symptoms. The most prevalent symptoms among individuals with antibodies were body pain (37.0%), fever (32.9%), and smell and taste change (28.7%). The search for a basic health unit was predominant (45.0%) as the first service, and only 5.3% reported being hospitalized.

CONCLUSION:

A high proportion of asymptomatic cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified in the general population, even among older adults and individuals with comorbidities.

KEYWORDS:
Coronavirus infections; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19

General		Number of symptoms	95%CI	p-value	% of asymptomatic	95%CI	p-value
General		Number of symptoms	95%CI	p-value	47.0	37.2–57.0	p-value
Sex				0.14			0.11
	Female	2.58	2.03–3.13		38.0	27.6–49.5
	Male	1.83	1.08–2.59		54.0	38.9–68.4
Age group (years)				0.01			0.03
	18–29	1.03	0.38–1.69		67.8	47.0–83.3
	30–49	2.64	2.00–3.27		35.8	24.0–49.6
	50–59	2.05	1.40–2.71		49.1	36.3–62.2
	60 or above	2.25	1.20–3.29		50.6	32.8–68.3
Race/skin colo^b b Yellow (n=31) and indigenous (n=3) were excluded.				0.92			0.92
	White	2.23	1.04–3.43		50.7	27.2–73.9
	Brown	2.24	1.67–2.82		46.4	34.8–58.3
	Black	1.77	0.90–2.67		47.0	23.5–72.0
Schooling				0.60			0.16
	Until complete elementary school	1.80	1.21–2.38		56.8	43.7–68.9
	Incomplete and complete high school	1.96	1.47–2.45		47.1	35.4–59.0
	Undergraduate or more	3.45	2.09–4.81		30.5	11.7–59.3
Family income				0.36			0.40
	Less than one minimum wage (less than R$1,045.00)	1.59	0.78–2.40		41.7	24.2–61.8
	From one to less than three minimum wages (from R$1,045.00–R$3,134.99)	1.95	1.41–2.47		49.8	38.9–60.8
	Three or more minimum wages (BRL 3,135.00 or more)	2.60	1.79–3.41		41.2	26.8–73.2

	Test results		Prevalence Ratio
	Negative	Positive	PR	95%CI
Change in smell or taste	3.71	28.70	7.56	5.05	11.32
Fever	8.78	32.92	3.75	2.54	5.54
Sore throat	10.10	25.20	2.49	1.64	4.94
Cough	8.04	28.74	3.42	2.36	4.94
Difficulty in breathing	4.29	16.99	3.96	2.47	6.35
Palpitation	1.80	9.33	5.09	3.06	8.45
Shiver or chills	2.02	11.30	5.58	3.18	9.77
Body ache	11.92	37.04	3.11	2.18	4.43
Diarrhea	5.53	18.57	3.35	1.81	6.22
Vomiting	1.96	6.02	3.06	1.56	6.02

		% weighted	Asymptomatic		Oligosymptomatic		Symptomatic
		% weighted	%	95%CI	%	95%CI	%	95%CI
Did you seek health services?
	Yes	51.3	–	–	28.8	19.8–39.8	71.2	60.1–81.1
	No	48.6	–	–	55.5	45.2–64.4	45.5	35.5–54.8
Which health service did you seek first?
	Basic Health Unit	45.0	–	–	32.0	18.0–50.1	68.0	49.8–82.0
	Polyclinic	4.1	–	–	18.2	7.1–39.3	81.8	60.4–93.0
	UPA	13.7	–	–	16.8	8.1–31.5	83.2	68.5–91.8
	Exclusive unit for COVID-19	13.3	–	–	29.5	10.0–61.2	70.5	38.8–90.0
	Private emergency care	6.2	–	–	29.9	15.6–49.7	70.1	50.3–84.4
	Private clinic	5.2	–	–	29.3	9.0–64.3	70.7	36.5–91.0
	Other	12.4	–	–	37.8	21.5–57.3	62.2	42.7–78.5
Admitted at health service
	Yes	5.6	–	–	8.4	1.7–32.1	91.6	67.9–98.3
	No	94.4	–	–	23.0	14.2–35.0	77.0	65.0–87.8
Comorbidities
	Hypertension or high blood pressure	23.8	39.8	23.3–58.9	9.8	5.0–19.5	50.4	29.6–71.1
	Diabetes or blood sugar	7.2	36.2	18.2–59.3	13.4	41.2–35.7	50.4	30.3–70.4
	Asthma or bronchitis	1.9	43.7	23.9–65.7	6.3	0.8–35.7	50.0	28.6–71.3
	Chronic kidney disease	0.7	22.6	4.1–66.3	45.8	9.0–87.9	31.6	7.6–72.1
	Chronic lung disease	0.2	97.4	74.8–99.8	–	–	2.6	0.2–25.2
	Some heart diseases	0.2	52.6	24.8–78.6	–	–	47.4	21.2–75.1
	Some mental disorders	0.3	21.9	7.0–51.0	23.1	8.7–48.4	55.0	37.9–70.9

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[1] *Corresponding author: muraroap@gmail.com