| Uremic Neuropathy |
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Pain, numbness, and tingling in feet and legs;
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Cramps, muscle twitches, or increased pain sensation in the feet and legs;
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Muscle weakness 1616. University of Chicago. Types of peripheral neuropathy - systemic / metabolic. 2017. [cited 2017 April 20]. Available from: http://peripheralneuropathycenter.uchicago.edu/learnaboutpn/typesofpn/systemic/kidney.shtml.
http://peripheralneuropathycenter.uchica...
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| Diabetic Neuropathy |
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Treatment can range from lifestyle modification and strict glucose control to the use of immunosuppressant medications 1717. Tracy JA, Dyck PJ. The spectrum of diabetic neuropathies. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2008;19(1):1-26.,1818. Schreiber AK, Nones CF, Reis RC, Chichorro JG, Cunha JM. Diabetic neuropathic pain: physiopathology and treatment. World J Diabetes. 2015;6(3):432-44.
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| Alcoholic Neuropathy |
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Painful paresthesia;
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Muscle weakness;
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Sensory and motor symptoms extend proximately into the arms and legs;
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Gait impairment may be present 1919. Zeng L, Alongkronrusmee D, van Rijn RM. An integrated perspective on diabetic, alcoholic, and drug-induced neuropathy, etiology, and treatment in the US. J Pain Res. 2017;10:219-28.,2020. Chopra K, Tiwari V. Alcoholic neuropathy: possible mechanisms and future treatment possibilities. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2012;73(3):348-62.
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Thiamine treatment has been shown not to be effective;
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Therapy ought to include cessation of alcohol ingestion, aiming at the toxic target(s) of alcohol 2222. Mellion M, Gilchrist JM, de la Monte S. Alcohol-related peripheral neuropathy: nutritional, toxic, or both? Muscle Nerve. 2011;43(3):309-16.
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| Chronic Inflammatory Neuropathy |
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Weakness is typically symmetric and characteristically involves proximal and distal muscles;
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Sensory symptoms include numbness, tingling, gait imbalance, and, at times, painful paresthesias 2121. Dimachkie MM, Barohn RJ. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2013;15(3):350-66.
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Steroids, plasma exchange, and intravenous immunoglobulin may be used as 1st line treatment options 2121. Dimachkie MM, Barohn RJ. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2013;15(3):350-66.
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| Infectious neuropathy (HIV, HCV, CJ, LD2323. Cashman CR, Höke A. Mechanisms of distal axonal degeneration in peripheral neuropathies. Neurosci Lett. 2015;596:33-50.) |
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HIV, HCV, LD: pain, weakness, paresthesia and absent ankle reflexes
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CJ: acute, ascending, motor neuropathy associated with Guillan-Barré syndrome (GBS) 2323. Cashman CR, Höke A. Mechanisms of distal axonal degeneration in peripheral neuropathies. Neurosci Lett. 2015;596:33-50.,2424. Smith HS. Treatment considerations in painful HIV-related neuropathy. Pain Physician. 2011;14(6):E505-24.
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HIV: analgesics, anticonvulsants 2424. Smith HS. Treatment considerations in painful HIV-related neuropathy. Pain Physician. 2011;14(6):E505-24.
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HCV: steroids, antiviral therapy, rituximab, interferon alfa 2525. Prud'homme S, Nevens F, Casteels I. Bilateral simultaneous anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, an extrahepatic manifestation of hepatitis C cured with direct acting antivirals. GMS Ophthalmol Cases. 2016;6:Doc05.,2626. Benstead TJ, Chalk CH, Parks NE. Treatment for peripheral neuropathy associated with hepatitis C virus infection. 2017. [cited 2017 April 20]. Available from: http://www.cochrane.org/CD010404/NEUROMUSC_treatment-for-peripheral-neuropathy-associated-with-hepatitis-c-virus-infection, 2014
http://www.cochrane.org/CD010404/NEUROMU...
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LD: doxycycline, amoxicillin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone 2727. Foundation for Peripheral Neuropathy. Lyme disease neuropathy. [cited 2017 April 20]. Available from: https://www.foundationforpn.org/what-is-peripheral-neuropathy/causes/inflammatory-infectious/lyme-disease/
https://www.foundationforpn.org/what-is-...
–2929. Radzišauskienė D, Ambrozaitis A, Marciuškienė E. Delayed diagnosis of lyme neuroborreliosis presenting with abducens neuropathy without intrathecal synthesis of Borrelia antibodies. Medicina (Kaunas). 2013;49(2):89-94.
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CJ: azithromycin, erythromycin, fluoroquinolones; treatment for GBS such as plasmapheresis, plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin 3030. Nyati KK, Nyati R. Role of Campylobacter jejuni infection in the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barré syndrome: an update. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:852195.,3131. Miljković-Selimović B, Lavrnić D, Morić O, Ng LK, Price L, Suturkova L, et al. Enteritis caused by Campylobacter jejuni followed by acute motor axonal neuropathy: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2010;4:101.
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