Dependent |
Consortium Costs (CCons) |
Consortium costs, in Brazilian currency (R$) |
Allers and Greef (2018Allers, M. A., & De Greef, J. A. (2018). Intermunicipal cooperation, public spending and service levels.Local Government Studies, 44(1), 127-150.); Niaounakis and Blank (2017Niaounakis, T., & Blank, J. (2017). Inter-municipal cooperation, economies of scale and cost efficiency: an application of stochastic frontier analysis to Dutch municipal tax departments.Local Government Studies, 43(4), 533-554.); Bel, Fageda, and Mur (2012Bel, G., Fageda, X., & Mur, M. (2012). Does cooperation reduce service delivery costs? Evidence from residential solid waste services. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 24(1), 85-107.); Zafra-Gómez et al. (2013Zafra‐Gómez, J. L., Prior, D., Díaz, A. M. P., & López‐Hernández, A. M. (2013). Reducing costs in times of crises: delivery forms in small and medium sized local government waste management services. Public Administration, 91(1), 51-68.); Frère, Leprince, and Paty (2014Frère, Q., Leprince, M., & Paty, S. (2014). The impact of intermunicipal cooperation on local public spending.Urban Studies, 51(8), 1741-1760.); Bel and Warner (2015) |
Local government costs (CGLocal) |
Local government costs of consortia, in Brazilian currency (R$) |
Total costs of consortia (CToCons) |
Total costs of consortia, including local government financing, in Brazilian currency (R$) |
Independent |
Consortia (CONS) |
Nominal variable for consortium identification: Cigres, coded as 1; Cirsures, coded as 2; and Ecotre, coded as 3 |
Feiock (2007Feiock, R. C. (2007). Rational choice and regional governance. Journal of Urban Affairs, 29(1), 47-63.); Plata-Díaz et al. (2014) |
Year (YEAR) |
Nominal variable to identify pre-recession period (from 2013 to 2015), coded as 1, and the recession period (from 2016 to 2017), coded as 2 |
Lima and Silveira (2018Lima, R. C. de A., & Silveira, R. M. S., Neto. (2018). Secession of municipalities and economies of scale: evidence from Brazil.Journal of Regional Science, 58(1), 159-180.) |
Contextual |
Population (POPU) |
Nominal variable where municipalities with less than 20 thousand residents are coded as 1 and the others as 2 |
Cunha (2004Cunha, R. E. (2004). Federalismo e relações intergovernamentais: os consórcios públicos como instrumento de cooperação federativa. Revista do Serviço Público, 55(3), 5-36.); Henrichs and Meza (2017Henrichs, J. A., & Meza, M. L. F. G. (2017). Governança multinível para o desenvolvimento regional: um estudo de caso do Consórcio Intermunicipal da Fronteira.Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana, 9(1), 124-138.); Cruz and Marques (2012Cruz, N. F., & Marques, R. C. (2012). Mixed companies and local governance: no man can serve two masters.Public administration, 90(3), 737-758.) |
Area (AREA) |
Nominal variable where municipalities with areas with less than 157 thousand km² are coded as 1 and the others as 2 |
Lima and Silveira (2018Lima, R. C. de A., & Silveira, R. M. S., Neto. (2018). Secession of municipalities and economies of scale: evidence from Brazil.Journal of Regional Science, 58(1), 159-180.); Cruz and Marques (2012Cruz, N. F., & Marques, R. C. (2012). Mixed companies and local governance: no man can serve two masters.Public administration, 90(3), 737-758.) |