PRODUCTION OF AUSTRALIAN CEDAR SEEDLINGS INOCULATED WITH ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONTAINERS

Carmo, Élida Ribeiro do; Silva, Cristiane Figueira da; Freitas, Marta Simone Mendonça; Lima, Késsia Barrêto; Martins, Marco Antonio

doi:10.1590/0100-67622016000200009

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Articles • Rev. Árvore 40 (2) • Mar-Apr 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-67622016000200009 copy

PRODUCTION OF AUSTRALIAN CEDAR SEEDLINGS INOCULATED WITH ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONTAINERS

PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE CEDRO AUSTRALIANO INOCULADAS COM FUNGOS MICORRÍZICOS ARBUSCULARES EM DIFERENTES RECIPIENTES

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to evaluate the growth and the levels of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in Australian cedar seedlings which had been inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in different types of containers. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and the experimental design was that of randomized complete blocks (RCB), with a 4 x 4 factorial design consisting of four inoculation treatments with AMF (Rhizophagus clarum, Gigaspora margarita, a mixed inoculation (R. clarum + G. margarita) and the control (with no AMF inoculation); four types of containers (plastic bags measuring 250 cm³, tubes of 55 and 130 cm³ and pressed blocks 440 cm³. plant^-1), with four repetitions. The height, the diameter of the stem base, the aerial part dry weight (APDW), the dry weight of the root (DWR) and the total plant dry weight (DW) were measured, along with the Dickson quality index, the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization and the levels of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the aerial part dry weight. One hundred and thirty eight days (138) days after sowing, the greatest growth and/or the highest levels of P, K and Ca could be observed in the aerial part dry weight of the Australian cedar seedlings which had been planted in the pressed block container and inoculated with a mixture of the two AMF species (G. margarita + R. clarum) or with just R. clarum. Thus it can be seen that AMF can make a significant contribution to the production of Australian cedar seedlings.

Keywords:
Toona ciliata; Tubes; Pressed blocks

Table 1 Analysis of variations in height, stem base diameter, aerial part dry matter (APDW), dry weight of root (DWR) and total dry weight (DW), Dickson Quality Index (DQI), mycorrhizal colonization and levels of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) in Australian cedar seedlings, 138 days after sowing, inoculated with AMF in different types of containers

Variation Causes		Containers
Variation Causes		Height	Diameter	DWR	APDW	DW	DQI
	DF	AS
Fungi	3	52.63*	1.70*	0.06*	0.65*	1.06*	0.01*
Containers	3	218.78*	13.18*	0.60*	3.08*	6.38*	0.18*
F x R	9	17.60*	0.43*	0.03*	0.41*	0.61*	0.01*
Residue	48	0.51	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00
		Colonization	N	P	K	Ca	Mg
	DF	AS
Fungi	3	8060.42*	2.21*	1.45*	28.44*	1.00*	0.36
Containers	3	789.58*	64.11*	8.49*	293.51*	13.70*	1.10
F x R	9	432.61*	1.07	0.34*	3.68*	1.31*	0.87
Residue	48	126.04	0.52	0.05	1.64	0.27	0.43

Table 2 Height, stem base diameter, dry weight of root (DWR), aerial part (APDW) and total (DW) and the Dickson Quality Index (DQI) in Australian cedar seedlings (Toona ciliata), inoculated or not with AMF, in different types of containers, 138 days after sowing

AMF inoculation	Containers
	Tube 130 cm³	Tube 55cm³	Plastic Bag	Pressed Block
	Height (cm)
Control	4.93 Aab	4.40 Ab	5.10 Cab	6.28 Ca
Rhizophagus clarum	5.48 Ac	5.03 Ac	8.96 Ab	16.62 Aa
Gigaspora margarita	5.62 Abc	4.33 Ac	6.84 Bb	12.67 Ba
Mixed	6.05 Ac	4.86 Ac	9.04 Ab	16.0 Aa
Stem base diameter (mm)
Control	1.88 Bb	1.89 Ab	1.98 Cb	2.91 Ca
Rhizophagus clarum	2.24 Ac	1.86 Ad	3.04 Ab	4.47 Aa
Gigaspora margarita	2.23 Ab	1.73 Ac	2.38 Bb	3.91 Ba
Mixed	2.26 Ac	1.78 Ad	2.90 Ab	4.25 Aa
DWR (g)
Control	0.131 Ab	0.076 Ac	0.114 Bb	0.304 Ca
Rhizophagus clarum	0.157 Abc	0.076 Ac	0.248 Ab	0.700 Aa
Gigaspora margarita	0.173 Ab	0.082 Ac	0.166 ABb	0.573 Ba
Mixed	0.166 Abc	0.087 Ac	0.249 Ab	0.500 Ba
APDW (g)
Control	0.097 Aa	0.076 Aa	0.115 Aa	0.295 Ca
Rhizophagus clarum	0.181 Abc	0.087 Ac	0.338 Ab	1.752 Aa
Gigaspora margarita	0.168 Ab	0.079 Ab	0.234 Ab	0.851 Ba
Mixed	0.171 Ab	0.086 Ab	0.308 Ab	1.039 Ba
DW (g)
Control	0.228 Ab	0.152 Ab	0.230 Bb	0.599 Ca
Rhizophagus clarum	0.337 Ac	0.163 Ac	0.586 Ab	2.628 Aa
Gigaspora margarita	0.340 Abc	0.162 Ac	0.400 ABb	1.424 Ba
Mixed	0.337 Ac	0.173 Ac	0.556 Ab	1.539 Ba
DQI
Control	0.07 Ab	0.04 Ab	0.06 Bb	0.19 Ca
Rhizophagus clarum	0.09 Ab	0.04 Ac	0.14 Ab	0.39 Aa
Gigaspora margarita	0.10 Ab	0.05 Ac	0.09 ABb	0.30 Ba
Mixed	0.09 Abc	0.05 Ac	0.13 Ab	0.26 Ba

Table 3 Levels of macronutrients in the aerial parts of Australian cedar (Toona ciliata) 138 days after sowing, inoculated or not with AMF, in different kinds of containers

AMF inoculation	Containers
AMF inoculation	Tube 130 cm³	Tube 55cm³	Plastic Bag	Pressed Block	Averages
Nitrogen (g kg^-1)
Control	8.35	7.02	10.14	12.17	9.42 B
Rhizophagus clarum	8.32	8.36	9.27	12.14	9.52 AB
Gigaspora margarita	7.84	8.55	10.94	12.59	9.98 AB
Mixed	8.86	8.45	10.81	12.70	10.21 A
Averages	8.10 c	8.34 c	10.29 b	12.40 a	-
Phosphorus (g kg^-1)
Control	2.09 Bbc	1.79 Bc	2.45 Ab	3.16 Ca	2.37
Rhizophagus clarum	2.55 Ab	2.31 Ab	2.60 Ab	3.41 Ca	2.72
Gigaspora margarita	2.11 Bc	2.14 Abc	2.85 Ab	3.89 Ba	2.75
Mixed	2.39 ABc	2.54 Abc	2.85 Ab	4.66 Aa	3.11
Averages	2,28	2.19	2.69	3.78	-
Potassium (g kg^-1)
Control	15.82 Bc	15.87 ABc	19.29 BCb	23.01 Ba	18.50
Rhizophagus clarum	17.78 ABb	14.63 Bc	18.75 Cb	26.01 Aa	19.30
Gigaspora margarita	17.10 ABc	17.07 Ac	21.18 ABb	26.52 Aa	20.47
Mixed	18.26 Ac	17.98 Ac	22.04 Ab	27.88 Aa	21.54
Averages	17.24	16.39	20.32	25.87	-
Calcium (g Kg^-1)
Control	5.87 ABc	5.99 Bc	6.99 ABb	8.75 Aa	6.90
Rhizophagus clarum	6.78 Aa	6.78 ABa	7.15 Aa	7.67 Ba	7.10
Gigaspora margarita	5.77 Bb	6.71 ABb	6.04 Bb	8.90 Aa	6.86
Mixed	6.69 ABb	7.11 Ab	7.58 Aab	8.25 ABa	7.41
Averages	6.28	6.65	6.94	8.39	-
Magnesium (g Kg^-1)
Control	5.85	5.45	6.55	6.26	6.02
Rhizophagus clarum	5.80	6.67	5.98	5.68	6.03
Gigaspora margarita	5.67	5.90	5.75	6.68	6.00
Mixed	5.79	5.94	6.87	6.68	6.32
Averages	5.77	5.99	6.29	6.33	-

Table 4 Percentage of mycorrhizal colonization in the roots of Australian cedar seedlings (Toona ciliata) 138 days after sowing, inoculated or not with AMF, in different kinds of containers.

AMF inoculation	Containers
	Tube 130 cm³	Tube 55cm³	Plastic Bag	Pressed Block
	Mycorrhizal Colonization (%)
Control	42.50 Cab	37.50 Cab	27.50 Bb	50.00 Ba
Rhizophagus clarum	70.00 Ba	77.50 ABa	90. 00 Aa	87.50 Aa
Gigaspora margarita	70.00 Bbc	57.50 BCc	95.00 Aa	90.00 Aab
Mixed	92.50 Aa	87.50 Aa	82.50 Aa	97. 50 Aa

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