SEED EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF <i>Caesalpinia pulcherrima</i> L. SW. AND <i>Cassia grandis</i> L. F. IN ORGANIC SUBSTRATES

Moreira, Flávia Melo; Braulio, Caliane da Silva; Anjos, Ângela Santos de Jesus Cavalcante dos; Silva, Janildes de Jesus da; Rocabado, Juan Manuel Anda; Nóbrega, Rafaela Simão Abrahão

doi:10.1590/1806-908820220000034

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Scientific Article • Rev. Árvore 46 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820220000034 copy

SEED EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF Caesalpinia pulcherrima L. SW. AND Cassia grandis L. F. IN ORGANIC SUBSTRATES

EMERGÊNCIA DE SEMENTES E DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MUDAS DE Caesalpinia pulcherrima L. SW. E Cassia grandis L. F. EM SUBSTRATOS ORGÂNICOS

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The addition of adequate proportions of organic residues to formulate substrates with soil, render positive results on germination and seedling growth by providing benefits to the physical and chemical attributes of the soil. Determining an adequate proportion of such residues is essential to obtain seedlings exhibiting morphophysiological quality. This study aims to evaluate seed emergence and the development of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Swartz and Cassia grandis L. f. seedlings in organic substrates. The experiment was set in a completely randomized design arranged in 2 x 3 x 5 factorial scheme, consisting of two soil classes (Oxisol and Entisol), three types of organic substrate (COP (organic compost from tree pruning + cattle and goat manure), CLU (urban waste compost), RES (residue from the extraction of sisal fiber) and five percentages of organic residues (0, 20, 40, 60, 80). The percentage of emergence and emergence speed of seeds, plant height, number of leaves, root length and dry mass were determined. The species showed better results for these variables when adding organic residues to the substrate. The addition of 80% COP or CLU to the substrate provided higher mean values for percentage of emergence in seeds of Caesalpinia pulcherrima, and the substrate constituted by only soil provided higher dry mass in seedlings of this species. The combination of 50% COP and 50% soil (Oxisol and Entisol) resulted in higher means for the percentage of seed emergence, velocity of emergence and biomass production in Cassia grandis L. f. seedlings.

Keywords:
Agave sisalana residue; Urban waste; Organic fertilization

Table 1 Chemical and physical characterization of residues: COP (organic compostfrom pruning), CLU (urban waste compost) and RES (residue from the extraction of Agave sisalana fibers), used to compose organic substrates.

Chemical attribute	COP		CLU		RES
Chemical attribute	Dry	Humid	Dry	Humid	Dry	Humid
pH (H₂O)¹ 1 Values for pH(CaCl2) were estimated by the equation of Novais et al., (2007) apud Souza et al. (1989): pH(CaCl2) = 0.12+0.89 pH(H2O).	-	7.0	-	7.4	-	9.6
pH (CaCl₂ 0,01 M)	-	6.4	-	6.7	-	8.7
Density (g cm^-3)	-	1.00	-	0.74	-	0.20
Humidity at 60 - 65°C (%)	-	12.03	-	16.55	-	41.53
Humidity at 110°C (%)	-	0.69	-	2.36	-	3.53
Organic matter (combustion) (%)	12.10	10.64	22.25	18.57	54.23	31.71
Organic carbon (%)	5.99	5.27	11.05	9.22	28.34	16.57
Total mineral residue (%)	87.12	76.64	74.92	62.52	39.75	23.24
Mineral residue (%)	6.55	5.76	7.29	6.08	34.67	20.27
Insoluble mineral residue (%)	80.57	70.88	67.63	56.44	5.08	2.97
Nitrogen, total (NT) (%)	0.70	0.62	2.12	1.77	2.51	1.47
Phosphorus, total (P₂O₅) (%)	0.23	0.20	0.86	0.72	3.51	2.05
Potassium, total (K₂O) (%)	0.25	0.22	0.32	0.27	1.27	0.74
Calcium, total (Ca) (%)	0.57	0.50	1.76	1.47	8.50	4.97
Magnesium, total (Mg) (%)	0.13	0.11	0.14	0.12	1.68	0.98
Sulfur, total (S) (%)	0.02	0.02	0.25	0.21	0.19	0.11
C/N ratio	-	9	-	5	-	11
Copper (Cu) (mg kg^-1)	15	13	20	17	92	54
Manganese (Mn) (mg kg^-1)	127	112	97	81	137	80
Zinc (Zn) (mg kg^-1)	35	31	53	44	109	64
Boron (B) (mg kg^-1)	234	206	14	12	17	10
Sodium (Na) (mg kg^-1)	824	725	2214	1848	414	242

Table 2 Humidity (m3 m-3) of substrates formed by the homogeneization of soil classes [LAd (Oxisol) and RQ (Entisol] and types of organic residue [COP (organic compost from pruning), CLU (urban waste compost), RES (residue from the extraction of Agave sisalana fibers)], at percentages of 0, 20 and 80%, submitted to pressures of -10 kPa and -33 kPa.

Soil	Organis residues	Percentage of Residue
		-----0%-----		-----20%-----		-----80%-----
		Humidity (m³m^-3)
		-10 kPa	-33 kPa	-10 kPa	-33 kPa	-10 kPa	-33 kPa
LAd	COP	0.1144	0.1114	0.1141	0.1128	0.1368	0.1270
	CLU	0.1144	0.1114	0.1382	0.1333	0.2529	0.2283
	RES	0.1144	0.1114	0.1266	0.1279	0.2037	0.1962
RQ	COP	0.0187	0.0198	0.0282	0.0276	0.0851	0.0745
	CLU	0.0187	0.0198	0.0410	0.0455	0.1935	0.1847
	RES	0.0187	0.0198	0.0266	0.0249	0.1361	0.0858

Table 3 Percentage of emergence (%E), first emergence count (PCE) of seeds and plant height (H) of Caesalpinia pulcherrima and Cassia grandis seedlings, according to soil class LAd (Oxisol) and RQ (entisol) and types of organic residue [COP (organic compost from pruning), CLU (urban waste compost), RES (residue from the extraction of Agave sisalana fibers)].

Soil	C. pulcherrima				C. grandis
	%E
	Organic Residue
	COP	CLU	RES	Mean	COP	CLU	RES	Mean
LAd	68.00^ns	70.5^ns	70.50^ns	69.67^ns	81.67aA	75.00aA	74.17aA	76.95a
RQ	78.50^ns	68.00^ns	68.00^ns	71.50^ns	88.33aA	60.83bB	77.50aA	75.56a
Mean	73.25^ns	69.25^ns	69.25^ns		85.00A	67.92B	75.83B
CV	36.09%				20%

Soil	PCE
Soil	COP	CLU	RES	Mean	COP	CLU	RES	Mean
LAd	38.00aA	22.00aB	24.00aB	28.00a	2.14^ns	0.78^ns	2.08^ns	1.69a
RQ	21.00bA	14.00bB	25.00aA	20.16b	0.41^ns	0.41^ns	0.70^ns	0.50b
Mean	29.50A	18.00B	24.75A		1.28^ns	0.60^ns	1.38^ns
CV	23%				27.34%

Soil	H
Soil	COP	CLU	RES	Mean	COP	CLU	RES	Mean
LAd	8.83aA	8.32aA	8.93aA	8.69a	11.93^ns	11.26^ns	11.70^ns	11.63^ns
RQ	9.03aA	8.22bA	8.29bB	8.51a	11.58^ns	9.39^ns	10.32^ns	10.43^ns
Mean	8.93A	8.27B	8.61AB		11.76^ns	10.33^ns	11.01^ns
CV	14.43%				19.51%

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