LEAF RESIDUE DECOMPOSITION OF SELECTED ATLANTIC FOREST TREE SPECIES

Arato, Helga Dias; Dias, Luiz Eduardo; Assis, Igor Rodrigues de; Barros, Nairam Félix de; Neves, Júlio Cesar Lima; Schaefer, Carlos Ernesto Gonçalves Reynaud

doi:10.1590/1806-90882017000300020

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Articles • Rev. Árvore 41 (3) • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-90882017000300020 copy

LEAF RESIDUE DECOMPOSITION OF SELECTED ATLANTIC FOREST TREE SPECIES

DECOMPOSIÇÃO DE MATERIAL FOLIAR DE ÁRVORES SELECIONADAS DA MATA ATLÂNTICA

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Biogeochemical cycling is essential to establish and maintain plant and animal communities. Litter is one of main compartments of this cycle, and the kinetics of leaf decomposition in forest litter depend on the chemical composition and environmental conditions. This study evaluated the effect of leaf composition and environmental conditions on leaf decomposition of native Atlantic Forest trees. The following species were analyzed: Mabea fistulifera Mart., Bauhinia forficata Link., Aegiphila sellowiana Cham., Zeyheria tuberculosa (Vell), Luehea grandiflora Mart. et. Zucc., Croton floribundus Spreng., Trema micrantha (L) Blume, Cassia ferruginea (Schrad) Schrad ex DC, Senna macranthera (DC ex Collad.) H. S. Irwin and Barney and Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae). For each species, litter bags were distributed on and fixed to the soil surface of soil-filled pots (in a greenhouse), or directly to the surface of the same soil type in a natural forest (field). Every 30 days, the dry weight and soil basal respiration in both environments were determined. The cumulative decomposition of leaves varied according to the species, leaf nutrient content and environment. In general, the decomposition rate was lowest for Aegiphila sellowiana and fastest for Bauhinia forficate and Schinus terebinthifolius. This trend was similar under the controlled conditions of a greenhouse and in the field. The selection of species with a differentiated decomposition pattern, suited for different stages of the recovery process, can help improve soil restoration.

Keywords:
Litter; Biogeochemical cycle; Basal respiration

Table 1 Chemical and physical properties ofa dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol.

pH	OM	P	K	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Al³⁺	H+Al	P-rem	Sand	Silt	Clay	Color
	dag kg^-1	mg dm^-3		^{_______________} cmol_c dm^-3 ^{_________________}				mg L^-1	^_________ dag kg^-1 ^__________
4.5	4.9	1.7	20	0.1	0.0	1.7	10.8	9.7	42	4	54	5YR 3/3

Table 2 Content of nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus, lignin (Lig) and cellulose (Cel) and the carbon/nitrogen ratios (C/ N), carbon/phosphorus (C/P) and lignin/nitrogen (Lig/N) of leaf samples of the studied species.

Species	N	C	P	Lig	Cel	C/N	C/P	Lig/N
	^{_________________________________}g kg^{-1_________________________________}
*Mabea fistulifera*	29.9	503.7	1.5	286.3	192.1	16.9	335.8	9.6
*Bauhinia forficata*	28.8	444.7	2.3	167.9	240.6	15.4	193.3	5.8
*Aegiphila sellowiana*	36.7	485.2	1.6	246.3	242.4	13.2	303.3	6.7
*Zeyheria tuberculosa*	24.4	517.4	1.7	163.1	263.5	21.2	304.4	6.7
*Luehea grandiflora*	21.4	525.4	1.1	177.9	277.5	24.6	477.6	8.3
*Croton floribundus*	32.6	527.4	1.4	188.4	250.0	16.2	376.7	5.8
*Trema micrantha*	26.5	479.4	1.2	175.3	158.4	18.1	399.5	6.6
*Cassia ferruginea*	27.2	588.4	1.3	184.2	172.4	21.6	452.6	6.8
*Senna macranthera*	29.2	574.3	1.9	210.7	167.0	19.7	302.3	7.2
*Schinus terebenthifolius*	21.0	534.6	1.4	242.7	251.7	25.5	381.9	11.6

Table 3 Percentage of cumulative decomposition per sampling period and species, under greenhouse conditions.

Species	Days
	30	60	90	120	150	180
	^{_____________________________________________________}%^{_____________________________________________________}
*Mabea fistulifera*	13.7 b	23.7 b	25.4 b	26.2 b	30.5 b	42.1 b
*Bauhinia forficata*	21.8 a	30.9 a	31.4 a	40.1 a	46.0 a	56.3 a
*Aegiphila sellowiana*	2.2 c	17.0 c	22.6 b	24.9 b	28.4 b	50.5 a
*Zeyheria tuberculosa*	7.2 c	7.2 d	11.4 c	16.5 c	30.5 b	38.4 b
*Luehea grandiflora*	12.7 b	15.8 c	17.4 b	20.4 b	20.4 b	26.2 b
*Croton floribundus*	11.5 b	20.9 b	21.1 b	23.4 b	30.4 b	39.6 b
*Trema micrantha*	10.9 b	21.2 b	23.5 b	29.2 b	29.2 b	44.2 b
*Cassia ferruginea*	5.1 c	5.1 d	10.2 c	10.9 c	29.4 b	33.0 b
*Senna macranthera*	17.9 a	28.2 a	34.1 a	39.4 a	42.0 a	44.1 b
*Schinus terebinthifolius*	11.7 b	29.8 a	29.8 a	38.6 a	48.0 a	61.0 a

Table 4 Percentage of cumulative decomposition per sampling period and species, in the field

Species	Days
	30	60	90	120	150	180
	^{_________________________________________________________}%^{_________________________________________________________}
*Mabea fistulifera*	28.9 b	54.2 a	64.3 a	67.7 a	88.8 a	91.9 a
*Bauhinia forficata*	31.5 b	50.7 a	55.8 a	64.7 a	82.3 a	82.3 a
*Aegiphila sellowiana*	19.5 c	23.8 c	29.3 c	32.3 c	35.2 c	37.3 d
*Zeyheria tuberculosa*	35.1 b	39.5 b	44.3 b	76.7 a	82.0 a	89.3 a
*Luehea grandiflora*	16.1 c	31.4 b	43.7 b	48.6 b	48.6 b	49.6 c
*Cróton floribundus*	23.3 c	36.0 b	60.6 a	67.5 a	67.5 a	67.5 b
*Trema micrantha*	13.9 c	19.7 c	32.8 c	32.8 c	35.6 c	43.6 d
*Cassia ferruginea*	14.1 c	27.2 c	43.4 b	59.8 b	77.2 a	88.5 a
*Senna macranthera*	35.8 b	56.5 a	67.0 a	71.8 a	75.3 a	87.7 a
*Schinus terebinthifolius*	54.2 a	60.4 a	64.3 a	69.8 a	73.4 a	88.6 a

Table 5 Decomposition constant of (k) and half-life (t1/2) values of different leaf materials after a decomposition period of 180 days in the field (DF) and under greenhouse conditions (DG)

Species	K constant		Half-life t^1/2
	DF	DG	DF	DG
	^{_______________}g g^{-1_______________}		^{_______________}dia^{_______________}
Mabea fistulifera	0.0140	0.0030	49.5	228.8
Cassia ferruginea	0.0096	0.0046	72.1	150.9
Senna macranthera	0.0026	0.0039	267.6	177.3
Zeyheria tuberculosa	0.0124	0.0027	55.9	257.7
Schinus terebinthifolius	0.0038	0.0017	181.9	410.2
Bauhinia forficata	0.0062	0.0028	111.1	247.6
Croton floribundus	0.0032	0.0032	218.0	213.9
Luehea grandiflora	0.0120	0.0022	57.8	310.8
Trema micrantha	0.0116	0.0032	59.8	214.6
Aegiphila sellowiana	0.0121	0.0052	57.3	132.5
Mean	0.0088	0.0033	113.1	234.4

Sociedade de Investigações Florestais Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP: 36570-900 - Viçosa - Minas Gerais - Brazil, Tel: (55 31) 3612-3959 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
E-mail: rarvore@sif.org.br

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