SEED GERMINATION AND PRODUCTION OF SWAMP PALM SEEDLINGS (<i>Mauritia flexuosa</i> L.f.)

Paim, Mateus Silva; Carvalho, Mychelle; Moreira, Édimo Fernando Alves; Paiva, Paulo Eduardo Branco; Bicalho, Elisa Monteze; Coelho, Victor Peçanha de Miranda

doi:10.1590/1806-908820230000029

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Scientific Article • Rev. Árvore 47 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820230000029 copy

SEED GERMINATION AND PRODUCTION OF SWAMP PALM SEEDLINGS (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.)

GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES E PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE BURITI (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Swamp palm (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.) is a typical palm tree from the Amazon and Cerrado of Brazil, whose fruits are used in cooking and the pharmaceutical industry. Seed germination of this palm is slow, irregular and often low, which makes its cultivation limited, being exploited in extractive systems. Also, little is known about seedling development, and this knowledge is important to define a protocol for the production of seedlings of this species. This research aimed to develop a protocol for the seed germination of swamp palm under semi-aseptic conditions and to evaluate the seedling development of swamp palm under different production systems. There was no germination in treatments without scarification. The best germination protocol for swamp palm was scarification with operculum removal in seeds recently extracted from the fruit with application of gibberellic acid (plant growth regulator) because it increased the rate and accelerated germination. However, imbibition in aerated water (with H₂O₂) proved to be suitable up to two days. The best method for seedlings production of swamp palm is the use of conventional bag (20×30 cm) with soil and manure or for producers with greater investment capacity, the use of tubes (180 cm³) for two months and subsequent transplanting to a conventional bag with soil and manure until completing six months.

Keywords:
Plant growth regulator; Palm trees; Cerrado biome

Table 1 Treatments studied for swamp palm seedling production in Uberaba, MG, Brazil.

Treatment	Materials
BSoNT	Bag, 2/3 soil and 1/3 manure, not transplanting, six months
TSuNT	Tube, substrate, not transplanting, six months
TSoNT	Tube, 2/3 soil and 1/3 manure, not transplanting, six months
TSoBSoT	Tube, 2/3 soil and 1/3 manure, 2 months, transplanting to bag, 2/3 soil and 1/3 manure, four months
TSuBSoT	Tube, substrate, 2 months, transplanting to bag, 2/3 soil and 1/3 manure, four months

Table 2 Swamp palm seed germination with (H1) and without (H0) gibberellic acid and diff erent time of imbibition in aerated water: zero days (T0), two days (T2), four days (T4) and six days (T6). Variables: germination (G), fi rst germination count (FGC), mortality (M), abnormal seedlings (AS), mean time to germination (MTG) and germination speed index (GSI).

	Treat.	G (%)	FCG (%)	M (%)	AS (%)	MTG (days)	GSI
	H1	81.7±2.4a	24.2±2.5a	14.0±2.0b	4.2±1.2a	19.3±0.5a	1.01±0.0a
	H0	67.5±2.4b	9.5±2.5b	30.7±2.0a	1.7±1.2a	19.7±0.5a	0.74±0.0b
	p value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.181	0.437	<0.001
	T0	82.0±3.4ab	36.0±3.5a	10.0±2.8b	5.0±1.8a	18.6±0.7a	1.06±0.0a
mean±se	T2	85.0±3.4a	20.0±3.5b	13.0±2.8b	5.0±1.8a	20.4±0.7a	1.01±0.0a
	T4	70.0±3.4bc	9.5±3.5bc	28.5±2.8a	1.5±1.8a	19.6±0.7a	0.77±0.0b
	T6	61.5±3.4c	2.0±3.5c	38.0±2.8a	0.5±1.8a	19.5±0.7a	0.66±0.0b
	p value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.198	0.664	<0.001
H^*T	F value	0.414	0.116	0.787	0.254	0.150	0.171
CV (%)	-	14.66	66.25	40.52	192.7	12.10	15.21

Table 3 Swamp palm seedlings development in diff erent methods. Variables: height (H), root length (RL), collar diameter (CD), shoot, root and total dry mass (SM, RM, TM), shoot root mass ratio (SM:RM), height diameter collar ratio (H:DC), leaf area (LA) and Dickson’s quality index (DQI).

	Treat.	H (cm)	RL (cm)	CD (mm)	SM (g)	RM (g)
	BSoNT	74,9 a	23,8 a	12,33 a	4,29 a	4,88 a
	TSuNT	50,6 b	19,6 b	11,78 a	3,33 ab	5,32 a
mean	TSoNT	52,8 b	19,4 b	10,76 b	2,36 b	4,71 a
	TSuBSoT	72,2 a	23,9 a	12,65 a	3,55 ab	4,25 a
	TSoBSoT	65,5 a	23,1 ab	12,38 a	4,00 a	4,61 a
	p value	<0,001	0,004	<0,001	0,001	0,794
CV (%)	-	8,60	8,06	3,71	15,35	23,98
	Treat.	TM (g)	SM:RM	H:CD	LA (cm²)	DQI
	BSoNT	9,17 a	0,95 a	6,08 a	152,69 a	1,32 a
	TSuNT	8,65 a	0,63 a	4,29 c	168,35 a	1,75 a
mean	TSoNT	7,08 a	0,53 a	4,91 bc	134,95 a	1,29 a
	TSuBSoT	7,80 a	0,87 a	5,70 ab	132,17 a	1,21 a
	TSoBSoT	8,62 a	0,86 a	5,30 ac	168,18 a	1,40 a
	p value	0,303	0,043	0,001	0,464	0,078
CV (%)	-	16,99	25,47	9,21	2,77

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