Analysis of the use of educational materials by radiologists and radiology residents in Brazil: paradigm shift

Chojniak, Letícia Motono; Isberner, Rony Klaus; Souza, Juliana de Oliveira; Muglia, Valdair Francisco; Bitencourt, Almir Galvão Vieira; Chojniak, Rubens

doi:10.1590/0100-3984.2021.0107

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Original Article • Radiol Bras 55 (2) • Mar-Apr 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2021.0107 copy

Analysis of the use of educational materials by radiologists and radiology residents in Brazil: paradigm shift

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

To profile the use of educational materials by radiologists and radiology residents in Brazil.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study in which an electronic questionnaire was sent via email to physicians working in the field of radiology. The questionnaire contained questions regarding the profile, education, and place of work of the physicians, as well as their access to educational resources and the types of educational materials they used most.

Results:

The questionnaire was completed by 265 physicians. The mean age of the respondents was 38.2 years. Of the 265 respondents, 212 (80.0%) worked with ultrasound, 206 (77.7%) worked with computed tomography, 170 (64.2%) were board-certified, 166 (62.6%) were male, 174 (65.7%) worked at private facilities, and 167 (63.0%) had no academic affiliation. The mean weekly total study time was 9.6 h (median, 6 h), being higher among physicians in training, among those who worked at public facilities, and among those who worked at teaching hospitals. Regarding the device employed in order to access educational materials, there was a trend toward greater use of computers, which were employed by 65.3%. The majority of the respondents (61.9%) chose to access educational materials that were free of charge, the most common sources being websites, eBooks, and online journals.

Conclusion:

Electronic and digital resources are the main means of access to educational materials used by radiologists in Brazil, the most commonly used resources being web sites, eBooks, and online journals.

Keywords:
Radiology; Teaching materials; Education; continuing; Multimedia

Variable	Categories	%	n
Sex	Male	62.6	166
	Female	37.4	99
Status	In training	35.8	95
	Training completed	64.2	170
Age (years)	≤ 40	69.4	184
	> 40	30.6	81
Graduate degree	No	83.4	221
	Master’s	7.9	21
	Doctoral	7.5	20
	Tenured professorship	1.1	3
Regional HDI	High	81.9	217
	Low	18.1	48
Profile of the main workplace	Clinic	36.6	97
of the respondent	Hospital	63.4	168
	Public	34.3	91
	Private	65.7	174
	Teaching	37.0	98
	Non-teaching	63.0	167
Device employed^* * One respondent did not answer.	Computer	65.3	173
	Cell phone	22.3	59
	Tablet	12.1	32
Use of paid material^† † Thirteen respondents did not answer.	Yes	33.2	88
	No	61.9	164

Category	Name	%	n
Journals	Radiographics	77.4	205
	Radiology	71.7	190
	Radiologia Brasileira	63.0	167
	American Journal of Roentgenology	50.9	135
	Journal of the American College of Radiology	38.1	101
	European Radiology	35.1	93
	European Journal of Radiology	34.3	91
Websites/	Radiopaedia	78.9	209
networks	CBR	67.9	180
	Google Scholar	60.4	160
	Sociedade Paulista de Radiologia	60.0	159
	IMAIOS	59.6	158
	Workplace	57.7	153
	PubMed	53.2	141
	STATdx	39.2	104
	American College of Radiology	39.2	104
	Facebook	36.2	96
	Learning Radiology	33.2	88
	AuntMinnie	32.5	86
	UpToDate	25.3	67
	eMedicine	15.5	41
Applications	e-Anatomy	43.8	116
	Radiology Assistant 2.0	31.3	83
	CTisus	11.7	31
	Diagnostic Radiology	11.3	30
	Thoracic Imaging	9.8	6
	MR Imaging in Prostate Cancer	7.5	20

Variable	Categories	Training status				P	Age (years)				P	HDI				P
		In training		Completed			≤ 40		> 40			High		Low
		%	n	%	n		%	n	%	n		%	n	%	n
Graduate degree	No	97.9	93	75.3	128		92.4	170	63.0	51		82.0	178	89.6	43
	Yes	0.2	2	24.7	42	^* * Significant—chi-square test (p < 0.05). ns, not significant.	7.6	14	37.0	30	^* * Significant—chi-square test (p < 0.05). ns, not significant.	18.0	39	10.4	5	ns
Profile of the main work-	Clinic	13.7	13	49.4	84		29.3	54	53.1	43		35.5	77	41.7	20
place of the respondent	Hospital	86.3	82	50.6	86	^* * Significant—chi-square test (p < 0.05). ns, not significant.	70.7	130	46.9	38	^* * Significant—chi-square test (p < 0.05). ns, not significant.	64.5	140	58.3	28	ns
	Public	52.6	50	24.1	41		38.6	71	24.7	20		32.3	70	43.8	21
	Private	47.4	45	75.9	129	^* * Significant—chi-square test (p < 0.05). ns, not significant.	61.4	113	75.3	61	^* * Significant—chi-square test (p < 0.05). ns, not significant.	67.7	147	56.3	27	ns
	Teaching	58.9	56	24.7	42		42.4	78	24.7	20		38.2	83	31.3	15
	Non-teaching	41.1	39	75.3	128	^* * Significant—chi-square test (p < 0.05). ns, not significant.	57.6	106	75.3	61	^* * Significant—chi-square test (p < 0.05). ns, not significant.	61.8	134	68.8	33	ns
Device employed	Computer	62.8	59	67.1	114		63.9	117	69.1	56		70.4	152	43.8	21
	Cell phone	19.1	18	24.1	41		22.4	41	22.2	18		20.8	45	29.2	14
	Tablet	18.1	17	8.8	15	ns	13.7	25	8.6	7	ns	8.8	19	27.1	13	^* * Significant—chi-square test (p < 0.05). ns, not significant.
Use of paid material	Yes	42.0	37	31.1	51		38.7	67	26.6	21		37.1	76	25.5	12
	No	58.0	51	68.9	113	ns	61.3	106	73.4	58	ns	62.9	129	74.5	35	ns
Educational resources	Print books	65.3	62	57.6	98		59.2	109	63.0	51		59.5	130	62.5	30
	eBooks	90.5	86	73.5	125	ns	58.8	156	67.9	55	ns	78.8	171	83.3	40	ns
	Print journals	34.7	33	38.8	66		32.6	60	48.2	39		38.7	84	31.3	15
	Online journals	28.3	5	53.6	142	ns	54.0	143	27.9	74	ns	66.8	177	15.1	40	ns
	Websites	97.9	93	94.7	161		97.8	180	91.4	74		94.9	206	100.0	48
	Social networks	78.9	75	58.8	100		71.2	131	54.3	44		67.7	147	58.3	28
	Applications	78.9	75	63.5	108	ns	75.0	138	55.6	45	ns	66.8	145	79.2	38	ns

Variable	Categories	Hours of study per week		P
Variable	Categories	Mean	Median	P
Sex	Male	8.7	6	ns
	Female	11.2	5
Status	In training	14.3	10	^* * Significant—chi-square test (p < 0.05). ns, not significant.
	Training completed	7.1	5
Age (years)	≤ 40	10.2	7	ns
	> 40	8.2	5
Graduate degree	No	10.1	6	ns
	Master’s	5.1	5
	Doctoral	8.7	7
	Tenured professorship	7.5	7.5
Regional HDI	High	9.9	6	ns
	Low	8.3	6
Profile of the main workplace of the respondent	Clinic	5.8	4	^* * Significant—chi-square test (p < 0.05). ns, not significant.
	Hospital	11.7	8
	Public	12.8	8	^* * Significant—chi-square test (p < 0.05). ns, not significant.
	Private	7.9	5
	Teaching	13.7	8	^* * Significant—chi-square test (p < 0.05). ns, not significant.
	Non-teaching	7.1	5

Variable	Categories	Way of digital access						P
		Computer		Cell phone		Tablet
		%	n	%	n	%	n
Sex	Male	40.8	108	15.1	40	6.8	18	ns
	Female	24.5	65	7.2	19	5.7	15
Status	In training	22.3	59	6.8	18	6.8	18	^* * Significant—chi-square test (p < 0.05). ns, not significant.
	Training completed	43.0	114	15.5	41	5.7	15
Age (years)	≤ 40	44.2	117	15.5	41	9.8	26	ns
	> 40	21.1	56	6.8	18	2.6	7
Graduate degree	No	51.3	136	20.0	53	12.1	32	†
	Master’s	6.8	18	1.1	3	0.0	0
	Doctoral	6.4	17	1.1	3	0.0	0
	Tenured professorship	0.8	2	0.0	0	0.4	1
Regional HDI	High	57.4	152	17.0	45	7.5	20	^* * Significant—chi-square test (p < 0.05). ns, not significant.
	Low	7.9	21	5.3	14	4.9	13
Profile of the main workplace of the respondent	Clinic	23.4	62	9.8	26	3.4	9	ns
	Hospital	41.9	111	12.5	33	9.1	24
	Public	20.8	55	7.9	21	5.7	15	ns
	Private	44.5	118	14.3	38	6.8	18
	Teaching	24.9	66	7.2	19	4.9	13	ns
	Non-teaching	40.4	107	15.1	40	7.5	20
Use of paid material	Yes	24.5	65	4.9	13	3.8	10	ns
	No	37.4	99	17.0	45	7.5	20
Educational resources	Print books	40.8	108	12.8	34	6.8	18	ns
	eBooks	50.6	134	18.5	49	10.6	28	ns
	Print journals	26.0	69	8.3	22	3.0	8	ns
	Online journals	57.4	152	15.8	42	8.7	23	^* * Significant—chi-square test (p < 0.05). ns, not significant.
	Websites	62.6	166	21.9	58	11.3	30	ns
	Social networks	40.0	106	17.4	46	8.7	23	^* * Significant—chi-square test (p < 0.05). ns, not significant.
	Applications	41.1	109	18.9	50	9.1	24	^* * Significant—chi-square test (p < 0.05). ns, not significant.

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[1] Correspondence: Dr. Rubens Chojniak. A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Departamento de Imagem. Rua Professor Antônio Prudente, 211, Liberdade. São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 09015-010. chojniak@accamargo.org.br.