The developmental anatomy of the subterranean system in Mandevilla illustris (Vell.) Woodson and M. velutina (Mart. ex Stadelm.) Woodson (Apocynaceae)

Two species of Mandevilla from the savanna area of São Paulo State, Brazil were studied. These species have been prescribed as folk medicine as infusions or alcoholic extracts of the underground system for treatment of venomous snake bites. To explain the morphological nature of such a system, its ontogeny was described to determine which parts are involved in its formation. In both Mandevilla species examined, the underground system consists of a xylopodium whose basal region joins a tuberous root.

Underground organs; xylopodium; Mandevilla; Apocynaceae

Authorship

BEATRIZ APPEZZATO-DA-GLÓRIA

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura ‘Luiz de Queiroz’ , Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade de São PauloBrazilPiracicaba, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura ‘Luiz de Queiroz’ , Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil

MARIA EMÍLIA MARANHÃO ESTELITA

Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências , Departamento de Botânica, São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade de São PauloBrazilSão Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências , Departamento de Botânica, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Figures 1-6.
Mandevilla spp. 1. Drawings of the seedling (three months old) and of its root in transverse sections (arrowhead levels). Bar = 500 mm. 2. Root primary differentiation (level A) showing exodermis (arrow) and the detail of the vascular cylinder. Bar = 20 mm. 3. Cambium initials (arrow) laid down separating the xylem from the phloem (level B). Bar = 20 mm. 4. Vascular cambium (C) continuous (level C). Bar = 40 mm. 5. Anticlinal divisions (arrow) of the cortex cells and periclinal divisions of the exodermis originating the periderm (P), (level C). Bar = 40 mm. 6. Transection of the secondarily thickened non-tuberous roots. The secondary xylem is heavily lignified and the phellogen (arrow) is produced through division of the single-layered pericycle. Bar = 230 mm.

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Figures 14-19.
Transections of the hypocotyl and the proximal portion of the main root (16) during the early stages of xylopodium ontogeny in Mandevilla. 14. The hypocotyl has cauline structure and the initiation of the vascular cambium (Vc) in most cases occurs at the same time as the phellogen initiation (Pi). Bar = 60 mm. 15. As the cambium produces secondary vascular tissues, the periclinal and anticlinal divisions of the cortical cells are intensified (arrows). Bar = 120 mm. 16. A callus-like structure (arrow) can be seen on the surface of very young xylopodium (seven months old). Bar = 300 mm. 17. Notice the lateral root emerging through the callus-like structure. Bar = 300 mm. 18. Epidermis undergoes periclinal divisions giving rise to the phellogen (arrow). Bar = 12 mm. 19. Natural self-grafting of the two shoots. Bar = 120 mm.

Figures 1-6. Mandevilla spp. 1. Drawings of the seedling (three months old) and of its root in transverse sections (arrowhead levels). Bar = 500 mm. 2. Root primary differentiation (level A) showing exodermis (arrow) and the detail of the vascular cylinder. Bar = 20 mm. 3. Cambium initials (arrow) laid down separating the xylem from the phloem (level B). Bar = 20 mm. 4. Vascular cambium (C) continuous (level C). Bar = 40 mm. 5. Anticlinal divisions (arrow) of the cortex cells and periclinal divisions of the exodermis originating the periderm (P), (level C). Bar = 40 mm. 6. Transection of the secondarily thickened non-tuberous roots. The secondary xylem is heavily lignified and the phellogen (arrow) is produced through division of the single-layered pericycle. Bar = 230 mm.

Figures 14-19. Transections of the hypocotyl and the proximal portion of the main root (16) during the early stages of xylopodium ontogeny in Mandevilla. 14. The hypocotyl has cauline structure and the initiation of the vascular cambium (Vc) in most cases occurs at the same time as the phellogen initiation (Pi). Bar = 60 mm. 15. As the cambium produces secondary vascular tissues, the periclinal and anticlinal divisions of the cortical cells are intensified (arrows). Bar = 120 mm. 16. A callus-like structure (arrow) can be seen on the surface of very young xylopodium (seven months old). Bar = 300 mm. 17. Notice the lateral root emerging through the callus-like structure. Bar = 300 mm. 18. Epidermis undergoes periclinal divisions giving rise to the phellogen (arrow). Bar = 12 mm. 19. Natural self-grafting of the two shoots. Bar = 120 mm.

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The developmental anatomy of the subterranean system in Mandevilla illustris (Vell.) Woodson and M. velutina (Mart. ex Stadelm.) Woodson (Apocynaceae)

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