Herpes simplex is a DNA virus which provokes perianal lesions, and it is the most frequent etiology of anal ulcer. Despite the ulcerative herpes being known worldwide, literature relates a tumoral, or nodular, or hypertrophic form related to this virus. Proctological examination showed nodules with a verrucous appearance and an ulcerated surface at the anal margin, sometimes mimicking viral condylomas or carcinomas. Anamnesis reveals insidious installation, slow growth and prior treatments for herpetic ulcers. The differential diagnoses with cancer allow us to perform biopsies for histological confirmation. This exam reveals mild epithelial hyperplasia and dense inflammatory process composed of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Multinucleated giant epithelial cells may be seen in the epidermis. Immunohistochemical tests show HSV presence. Medical therapy is indicated. It is very important to establish the correct diagnosis to relieve symptoms and to avoid an unnecessary surgical treatment. Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) must be introduced for HIV-infected patients to improve immunity.
anal tumors; hypertrophic herpes simplex; AIDS