Growth Performance and Tibia Mineralization of Broiler Chickens Supplemented with a Liquid Extract of Humic Substances

Angeles, ML; Gómez-Rosales, S; López-Garcia, YR; Montoya-Franco, A

doi:10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1450

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Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

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Original Article • Braz. J. Poult. Sci. 24 (3) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1450 copy

Growth Performance and Tibia Mineralization of Broiler Chickens Supplemented with a Liquid Extract of Humic Substances

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The objective of the study was to evaluate the productive, carcass, and tibia mineralization responses in broiler chickens supplemented with a liquid extract of humic substances (HS) in the drinking water. Chicks were housed in holding cages from 8-42 days of age and were randomly assigned to one of five increasing HS levels in the drinking water (0, 161, 322, 483, and 644 µg/L). At 21 and 42 days, to obtain carcass and tibia measurements half of the broilers were slaughtered. ANOVA and linear regression were used to analyze the data. The HS chemical composition and flat structures were estimated. At 21 days, increasing levels of HS in the drinking water resulted in a cubic response on breast weight (p<0.05), tibia ashes percentage (p<0.05) and tibia Ca percentage, as well as a linear increasing response (p<0.05) on P percentage. HS elicited a quadratic response on the tibia DM percentage (p<0.05), Ca content (p<0.01), and P content (p<0.05) at 42 days. The optimal HS supplementation level to achieve the highest tibia DM percentage, Ca and P content were 345.00, 322.46, and 347.75 µg/L, respectively. Increasing HS levels also resulted in a cubic response in tibia Ca (p<0.05) and P percentage (p<0.01). In conclusions, HS supplementation in drinking water improved bone mineralization in broiler chickens at 21 and 42 days of age.

Keywords:
Broilers; humic substances; productive responses; tibia mineralization

	Starter	Grower	Finisher
Ground corn	63.81	65.31	67.41
Soybean meal	29.40	27.00	24.70
Vegetable oil	2.10	3.30	3.80
Calcium orthophosphate	1.70	1.65	1.52
Calcium carbonate	1.60	1.50	1.43
Salt	0.32	0.30	0.28
Sodium bicarbonate	0.20	0.20	0.20
DL-Methionine	0.24	0.21	0.18
L-Lysine·HCl	0.26	0.21	0.19
L-Threonine	0.08	0.05	0.04
Premix^a	0.20	0.20	0.20
Choline chloride	0.09	0.07	0.05
Calculated nutrient content
Metabolizable energy, kcal/kg	3000	3100	3200
Digestible Lysine, %	1.10	1.00	0.90
Digestible Methionine, %	0.52	0.47	0.43
Digestible Threonine, %	0.71	0.65	0.60
Total Calcium, %	1.00	0.90	0.80
Available Phosphorus, %	0.50	0.45	0.40

	Humic acid	Fulvic acid
Formula	C₁₁₀H₁₀₅N₇O₅₀	C₂₅H₁₇N₀O₁₈
Molecular weight	2325.028	619.398
Elemental composition, %	C (56.82), H (4.55), N (4.22), O (34.41)	C (48.48), H (2.77), N (2.26), O (46.49)
Density, g/cm³	1.870 ± 0.10	1.935 ± 0.06

	Humic substances, µg/L of water						p value ^c
	0	161	322	483	654	SEM^b	L	Q	C
Body weight, g
8 days, g	128.2	130.2	129.9	130.7	129.3	1.249	0.48	0.23	0.99
21 days, g	719.8	734.1	738.4	734.8	730.9	8.013	0.37	0.14	0.70
42 days, g	2452.2	2503.6	2486.8	2496.8	2500.9	34.259	0.40	0.60	0.57
Period from 8-21 days
Feed intake, g/d	61.3	63.1	63.7	63.1	63.4	0.797	0.10	0.16	0.42
Weight gain, g/d	42.3	43.1	43.5	43.1	43.0	0.546	0.41	0.18	0.68
FCR	1.46	1.47	1.47	1.47	1.48	0.013	0.32	0.85	0.61
Period from 22-42 days
Feed intake, g/d	146.0	148.9	146.5	147.0	147.1	1.895	0.96	0.72	0.41
Weight gain, g/d	81.9	83.9	82.6	83.1	84.1	1.673	0.50	0.96	0.46
FCR	1.81	1.79	1.80	1.79	1.77	0.042	0.51	0.85	0.78
Carcass traits at 21 days of age
Carcass weight, g	374	385	373	364	385	56.803	0.47	0.62	0.26
Carcass yield, %	53.8	54.2	53.7	53.3	54.6	7.357	0.45	0.59	0.19
Breast weight, g	147^de	151^d	144^de	141^e	150^d	3.069	0.71	0.32	0.05
Breast yield, %	21.1	21.3	20.8	20.7	21.2	0.285	0.76	0.33	0.16
Carcass traits at 42 days of age
Carcass weight, g	1324	1341	1327	1337	1359	24.491	0.40	0.71	0.58
Carcass yield, %	54.9	54.4	54.7	54.7	55.0	0.365	0.66	0.40	0.68
Breast weight, g	574	575	581	562	572	12.232	0.65	0.86	0.51
Breast yield, %	23.8	23.3	23.9	23.0	23.2	0.275	0.10	0.72	0.99

	Humic substances, µg/L of water						p value ^c
	0	161	322	483	654	SEM^b	L	Q	C
Dry matter, %	35.24	36.15	35.77	35.87	36.48	0.522	0.19	0.95	0.28
Dry weight, g	2.10	1.99	2.07	2.05	2.13	0.060	0.48	0.21	0.65
Ashes, %	38.11^d	40.13^e	39.32^de	39.18^de	39.57^e	0.539	0.25	0.21	0.05
Ashes, mg	802.0	797.0	814.8	804.8	845.3	28.075	0.29	0.58	0.71
Ca, %	40.20^fg	36.94^f	42.04^g	42.20^g	36.70^f	1.648	0.74	0.13	0.01
Ca, mg	320.3	298.5	342.3	339.4	307.9	18.551	0.78	0.33	0.10
p, %	14.02^d	14.01^d	14.10^de	14.15^e	14.14^e	0.050	0.05	0.91	0.36
p, mg	112.6	111.8	114.8	113.9	119.4	4.203	0.29	0.49	0.71

	Humic substances, µg/L of water						p value ^c
	0	161	322	483	654	SEM^b	L	Q	C
Dry matter, %	42.25^d	43.06^de	43.16^de	43.35^e	42.17^d	0.440	0.95	0.05	0.72
Dry weight, g	7.79	8.32	8.26	8.39	8.21	0.218	0.19	0.14	0.67
Ashes, %	35.84	35.64	35.11	36.34	35.34	0.596	0.88	0.94	0.32
Ashes, mg	2785.5	2966.1	2894.4	3046.8	2891.0	73.941	0.22	0.11	0.81
Ca, %	34.73^d	33.17^de	35.81^d	35.98^d	31.11^e	1.242	0.26	0.06	0.05
Ca, mg	969.0^fg	984.0^fg	1039.2^f	1102.5^f	891.9^g	45.542	0.82	0.01	0.05
p, %	14.02^fg	13.98^f	14.04^g	13.97^f	13.97^f	0.019	0.13	0.38	0.01
p, mg	390.6^d	414.5^de	409.9^de	425.9^e	402.0^d	10.187	0.21	0.05	0.83

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[1] Corresponding author e-mail address
María de Lourdes Angeles National Center of Disciplinary Research in Animal Physiology and Genetics, National Institute of Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock. Km 1 carretera a Ajuchitlan, Queretaro. CP 76280. Mexico. Email: angeles.lourdes@inifap.gob.mx