Laying Performance and Egg Quality of Japanese Quails Fed Diets Containing Castor Meal and Enzyme Complex

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of diets formulated with corn plus soybean meal (CSM) or with 21% autoclaved castor meal (ACM), with the addition of two enzyme complexes (EC1 and EC2), on the performance and egg quality of laying quail. Two hundred and sixteen quails were selected by egg production and weight uniformity and distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments (in a 2 × 3 cross-factorial arrangement) and six replicates with six birds each. Three CSM and three ACM diets supplemented withEC1, EC2, or unsupplemented were established. The trial lasted three cycles of 21 days. Feed intake, laying rate, egg mass, feed conversion per egg mass, and feed conversion per dozen eggs did not differ. The use of ACM diet reduced egg (EW), yolk (YW), and eggshell (SW) weights, egg specific gravity and increased yolk color. However, EW and YW were similar among quails fed diets containing CSM and ACM when supplemented with CE1.The use of enzyme complex containing xylanase, b-glucanase, and phytase is recommended when 21% autoclaved castor mealis included in the diet of laying quails.

Keywords:
Autoclaved castor meal; enzymes; laying quails; protein source

Authorship

MCMM Ludke

Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Ringgold standard institution - Zootecnia.Universidade Federal Rural de PernambucoBrazilBrazilUniversidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Ringgold standard institution - Zootecnia.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4895-2599

ACS Pimentel

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-3449

JV Ludke

Embrapa / CNPSA.EmbrapaBrazilBrazilEmbrapa / CNPSA.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0113-3270

JCNS Silva

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4523-5076

CBV Rabello

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5912-162X

JS Santos

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8603-7709

Corresponding author e-mail address
Maria do Carmo Mohaupt Marques Ludke Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Ringgold standard institution - Zootecnia, Rua manuel de Medeiros s/n Dois Irmãos Recife, Recife 52171-900, Brazil. Phone: (81)33206573 Email:maria.mmarques@ufrpe.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Embrapa / CNPSA.EmbrapaBrazilBrazilEmbrapa / CNPSA.

Tables

Tables (4)

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Table 1
Chemical composition of ingredients used in diets and calculated percentage composition of experimental diets according to diet type with or without autoclaved castor meal and addition of enzyme complexes.

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Table 2
Composition and calculated analysis of experimental layer quail diets formulated with corn plus soybean meal or 21% autoclaved castor meal, with and without enzyme complex (EC).

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Table 3
Means (±standard deviation) for performance laying quails fed diets containing corn and soybean meal (CSM) or containing 21% autoclaved castor meal, with or without enzyme complex (EC), descriptive probability level for Dunnett’s mean tests of significant parameters, and description of the variance analysis.

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Table 4
Means (±standard deviation) for egg quality of quails fed diets containing corn and soybean meal (CSM) or containing 21% autoclaved castor meal, with or without enzyme complex (EC), descriptive probability level for Dunnett’s mean tests of significant parameters, and description of the variance analysis.

Table 1 Chemical composition of ingredients used in diets and calculated percentage composition of experimental diets according to diet type with or without autoclaved castor meal and addition of enzyme complexes.

Component	Ingredient (g kg⁻¹ as fed)
Component	Corn (grain)	Soybean meal	autoclaved castor meal
Crude protein	72.90	449.80	279.20
AMEn (Kcal kg⁻¹)	3440	2330	2267
Crude fiber	17.3	53.70	276.20
Ash	12.7	58.30	58.50
Crude fat	36.5	16.60	96.80
Calcium	0.30	2.40	49.50
Total phosphorus	2.50	5.60	8.90
Available phosphorus	0.60	2.20	2.80
Total arginine	3.5	33.20	22.90
Total histidine	2.10	11.90	4.00
Total isoleucine	2.40	21.50	12.50
Total leucine	8.70	34.80	19.10
Total methionine + cysteine	3.00	6.10	7.60
Total methionine	1.50	6.10	4.30
Total lysine	2.10	27.70	5.60
Total threonine	2.90	18.00	0.80
Total tryptophan	0.50	6.40	4.10
Total valine	3.40	22.30	12.70

Table 2 Composition and calculated analysis of experimental layer quail diets formulated with corn plus soybean meal or 21% autoclaved castor meal, with and without enzyme complex (EC).

	Experimental diet
	Corn soybean meal			21% autoclaved castor meal
	Without EC	EC1	EC2	Without EC	EC1	EC2
Ingredient (g kg⁻¹ as fed)
Corn	453.220	452.650	452.360	388.400	387.830	388.240
Soybean meal (45%)	413.810	413.980	414.060	287.100	287.270	287.130
Autoclaved castor meal	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	210.000	210.000	210.000
Limestone	69.250	69.250	69.250	43.970	43.970	43.970
Soybean oil	37.220	37.570	37.750	42.020	42.370	42.070
Dicalcium phosphate	15.230	15.230	15.230	13.770	13.770	13.770
Vitamin supplement¹	1.800	1.800	1.800	1.800	1.800	1.800
Mineral supplement¹	1.200	1.200	1.200	1.200	1.200	1.200
Salt (NaCl)	5.860	5.860	5.860	5.880	5.880	5.880
DL-methionine (99%)	1.410	1.410	1.410	1.610	1.610	1.610
Choline chloride (60%)	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
L-lysine HCl (78%)	0.000	0.000	0.000	2.620	2.620	2.620
L-threonine (98.5%)	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.630	0.630	0.630
Enzyme complex 1²	0.000	0.050	0.000	0.000	0.050	0.000
Enzyme complex 2³	0.000	0.000	0.075	0.000	0.000	0.075
	Calculated composition (g kg⁻¹ as fed)
AMEn (Kcal kg⁻¹)	2850	2850	2850	2850	2850	2850
Calculated crude protein	220.000	220.000	220.000	220.000	220.000	220.000
Analyzed crude protein	208.100	209.800	211.300	196.400	206.700	207.200
Crude fiber	30.060	30.050	30.050	80.350	80.340	80.350
Fat	60.250	60.570	60.730	79.610	79.920	79.650
Calcium	31.500	31.500	31.500	31.500	31.500	31.500
Available phosphorus	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000
Total lysine	12.410	12.410	12.410	12.000	12.000	12.000
Total methionine + cysteine	8.010	8.010	8.010	8.000	8.000	8.000
Total methionine	4.600	4.600	4.600	4.830	4.830	4.830
Total threonine	8.760	8.760	8.760	8.600	8.600	8.600
Total leucine	18.340	18.340	18.340	17.380	17.380	17.380
Total tryptophan	2.870	2.870	2.870	2.890	2.890	2.890
Sodium	2.500	2.50	2.500	2.500	2.500	2.500

AMEn - apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen.¹Provides per kg of product: Fe - 50,000 mg; Co - 200 mg; Cu - 8,500 mg; Mn - 75,000 mg; Zn - 70,000 mg; Se - 250 mg; I - 1,500 mg; folic acid - 500 mg; pantothenic acid - 13.5 g; niacin - 30 g; vit. A - 10,000,000 IU; vit. D₃ -2,000,000 IU; vit. K₃ - 4,000 mg; vit. B₂- 5,000 mg; vit. B₆ - 2,000 mg; B₁₂ - 10,000 µg; vit. E - 20,000 mg. ²Minimal activity provided per gram of EC1: EC 3.2.1.8 - 3,200 U; EC 3.2.1.6 - 4,300 U; EC 3.1.3.26 - 10,000 FTU. ³Minimal activity provided per gram of EC2: EC 3.2.1.8 - 1,500 U; EC 3.4.21.62 - 20,000 U; EC 3.2.1.1 - 2,000 U.

Table 3 Means (±standard deviation) for performance laying quails fed diets containing corn and soybean meal (CSM) or containing 21% autoclaved castor meal, with or without enzyme complex (EC), descriptive probability level for Dunnett’s mean tests of significant parameters, and description of the variance analysis.

	Corn soybean meal			21% autoclaved castor meal
	Without EC	EC1	EC2	Without EC	EC1	EC2
FI (g day⁻¹)	26.81±0.36	26.78±0.23	26.84±0.49	26.57±0.48	27.02±0.53	26.08±0.13
Laying rate (%)	88.04±2.45	90.18±2.40	90.59±1.07	88.75±3.34	91.14±1.52	90.21±1.87
EW (g)	10.99a±0.12	10.80±0.18	10.74±0.13	10.42b±0.13	10.61±0.11	10.28b±0.04
EM (g day⁻¹)	9.67±0.27	9.75±0.35	9.73±0.20	9.24±0.31	9.67±0.35	9.27±0.22
FCEM (g g⁻¹)	2.78±0.09	2.77±0.12	2.77±0.08	2.89±0.11	2.80±0.08	2.82±0.06
FCDZ (g dz⁻¹)	367.1±12.2	357.9±11.8	355.9±8.9	361.8±15.2	356.4±10.2	347.4±6.22
	Descriptive probability level (P) for means using Dunnett’s test 1 or Dunnett’s test 2
EW¹ (g)	-	0.6729	0.4287	0.0089	0.1178	0.0012
EW² (g)	-	-	-	-	0.6657	0.8830
	Analysis of variance (P)
	CV (%)		Enzyme complex	Diet		Enzyme complex × Diet
AFI (g day⁻¹)	3.65		0.5468	0.4360		0.4580
Laying rate (%)	6.08		0.5754	0.8201		0.9557
EW (g)	2.88		0.1838	0.0003		0.2640
EM (g day⁻¹)	6.65		0.6281	0.1638		0.7474
FCEM (g g⁻¹)	8.18		0.8403	0.4513		0.9211
FCDZ (g dz⁻¹)	7.61		0.5663	0.6064		0.9574

Means followed by lowercase letters in the same row differ (p<0.05) by Dunnett’s test using CSM diet as control. CV - coefficient of variation. AFI - average feed intake; EW - egg weight; EM - egg mass; FCEM - feed conversion per egg mass; FCDZ - feed conversion per dozen eggs. ²Minimal activity provided per gram of EC1: EC 3.2.1.8 - 3,200 U; EC 3.2.1.6 - 4,300 U; EC 3.1.3.26 - 10,000 FTU. ³Minimal activity provided per gram of EC2: EC 3.2.1.8 - 1,500 U; EC 3.4.21.62 - 20,000 U; EC 3.2.1.1 - 2,000 U.

Table 4 Means (±standard deviation) for egg quality of quails fed diets containing corn and soybean meal (CSM) or containing 21% autoclaved castor meal, with or without enzyme complex (EC), descriptive probability level for Dunnett’s mean tests of significant parameters, and description of the variance analysis.

	Corn soybean meal				21% autoclaved castor meal
	Without EC	EC1	EC2		Without EC	EC1	EC2
SG	1.074a±0.001	1.074±0.001	1.077±0.001		1.071b±0.001	1.071b±0.001	1.072b±0.001
ST (mm)	0.130±0.002	0.133±0.002	0.133±0.002		0.132±0.002	0.131±0.003	0.131±0.002
HU	87.70±0.20	87.90±0.21	88.07±0.20		88.21±0.17	88.17±0.21	88.04±0.20
YC	4.25a±0.04	4.26±0.06	4.31±0.05		4.52b±0.04	4.44b±0.03	4.51b±0.05
YW (g)	3.89a±0.08	3.79±0.06	3.76±0.06		3.61b±0.07	3.68±0.05	3.58b±0.04
AW (g)	6.27±0.07	6.18±0.13	6.13±0.14		6.05±0.11	6.18±0.07	5.93±0.07
SW (g)	0.88a±0.02	0.87±0.03	0.87±0.03		0.81b±0.02	0.81b±0.01	0.82b±0.02
Yolk (%)	35.23±0.50	34.97±0.32	34.92±0.50		34.52±0.62	34.52±0.42	34.69±0.46
Albumen (%)	56.78±0.67	57.04±0.28	56.95±0.67		57.74±0.70	57.91±0.47	57.40±0.50
Eggshell (%)	7.99±0.19	7.99±0.13	8.06±0.26		7.75±0.19	7.57±0.07	7.92±0.14
Descriptive probability level (P) for means using Dunnett’s test 1 or Dunnett’s test 2
Yolk¹ (g)	-	0.7037	0.4747		0.0237	0.1242	0.0105
Yolk² (g)	-	-	-	-	-	0.8991	0.9965
	Analysis of variance (P)
	CV (%)		Enzyme complex		Diet		Enzyme complex × Diet
SG	0.16		0.9035		<0.0001		0.9898
ST (mm)	4.21		0.8356		0.7794		0.4691
HU	0.53		0.8425		0.1048		0.3500
YC	2.50		0.3330		<0.0001		0.6027
YW (g)	4.00		0.4166		0.0017		0.4218
AW (g)	4.12		0.2227		0.0641		0.4170
SW (g)	6.22		0.9068		0.0015		0.8732
Yolk (%)	3.63		0.9629		0.2326		0.8712
Albumen (%)	2.43		0.8528		0.1077		0.8867
Eggshell (%)	5.38		0.4338		0.0505		0.6965

Means followed by lowercase letters in the same row differ (p<0.05) by Dunnett’s test using CSM diet as control. CV - coefficient of variation. SG - specific gravity; ST - shell thickness; HU - Haugh unit; YC - yolk color; YW - yolk weight; AW- albumen weight; SW - eggshell weight. ²Minimal activity provided per gram of EC1: EC 3.2.1.8 - 3,200 U; EC 3.2.1.6 - 4,300 U; EC 3.1.3.26 - 10,000 FTU. ³Minimal activity provided per gram of EC2: EC 3.2.1.8 - 1,500 U; EC 3.4.21.62 - 20,000 U; EC 3.2.1.1 - 2,000 U.

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Laying Performance and Egg Quality of Japanese Quails Fed Diets Containing Castor Meal and Enzyme Complex

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[1] Corresponding author e-mail address
Maria do Carmo Mohaupt Marques Ludke Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Ringgold standard institution - Zootecnia, Rua manuel de Medeiros s/n Dois Irmãos Recife, Recife 52171-900, Brazil. Phone: (81)33206573 Email:maria.mmarques@ufrpe.br