EFFECTS OF THE COMBINATION OF NON-PHYTATE PHOSPHORUS, PHYTASE AND 25-HYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL ON THE PERFORMANCE AND MEAT QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKENS

Ren, L; Zuo, J; Li, G; Zheng, L; Zhang, Z; Ye, H; Xia W, I; Feng, D

doi:10.1590/1516-635x1703371-380

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Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

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Articles • Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic. 17 (3) • Sept 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-635x1703371-380 copy

EFFECTS OF THE COMBINATION OF NON-PHYTATE PHOSPHORUS, PHYTASE AND 25-HYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL ON THE PERFORMANCE AND MEAT QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKENS

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the combination effect of low dietary non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) concentrations, phytase (PHY) levels, and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D₃) levels on the growth performance and meat quality of broilers. Two levels of NPP, two levels of PHY, and two levels of 25-OH-D₃ resulted in a 2�2�2 factorial arrangements, with eight treatments (TRT). The birds on TRT 1-4 were fed diet 1 (NRC NPP was reduced by 0.1) and the birds on TRT 5-8 were fed with diet 2 (NRC NPP was reduced by 0.2). Each diet was mixed with different levels PHY and 25-OH-D₃. Performance and meat quality parameters were measured. Results showed that during entire experiment the most advantageous effects were obtained with TRT 3 (NRC NPP reduced by 0.1 + 600 U/kg phytase + 34.5�g/kg 25-OH-D₃) and TRT 4 (NRC NPP reduced by 0.1 + 600 U/kg phytase + 69�g/kg 25-OH-D₃). The lowest body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake(FI) were observed with TRT 5 (NRC NPP reduced by 0.2 + 300 U/kg phytase + 34.5�g/kg 25-OH-D₃). Lowering NRC NPP by 0.1 to 0.2 significantly reduced weight gain (WG) (p< 0.05) and FI (p< 0.05) during the starter phase (ST), while during grower phase (GF) lowering NRC NPP by 0.1 to 0.2 did not affect WG (p>0.05) and produced small decrease in FI. BWG, FI and feed conversion ratio were not influenced (p>0.05) by different PHY or 25-OH-D₃ levels. In addition, the meat color, pH, and shear force were not affected by the different NPP, PHY or 25-OH-D₃levels.

Keywords:
Broiler; non-phytate phosphorus; performance; phytase; 25-hydroxycholecalciferol

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[1] Corresponding author e-mail address Prof. D. Y. Feng College of Animal Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Room 1406, Building D, Xingfayuan, South Habin Road, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang city Guangzhou, 510642, China. Phone: (+86) 13531102669 E-mail:fengdy@scau.edu.cn renlils2004@163.com

Starter		Grower
Ingredient (%)	Diet 1	Diet 2	Diet 1	Diet 2
Ground yellow corn	59.64	60.18	63.20	63.43
Soybean meal (dehulled)	29.20	29.10	25.27	25.68
Puffing soybean	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00
Corn Gluten Meal	3.00	3.00	1.31	1.00
Soybean oil	0.95	0.76	3.30	3.22
Dicalcium phosphate	1.29	0.68	1.02	0.42
Limestone	1.30	1.66	1.36	1.71
L-Lysine	0.38	0.38	0.27	0.27
Iodized sodium chloride	0.27	0.27	0.27	0.27
DL-methionine	0.21	0.21	0.23	0.23
Sodium Bicarbonate	0.12	0.12	0.12	0.12
Choline chloride	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10
Threonine	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.05
Mineral-vitamin premix^1,2	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
Calculated composition³
ME(MJ/kg)	12.10	12.10	12.70	12.70
CP,%	20.50	20.50	18.00	18.00
Ca,%	0.90	0.90	0.85	0.85
Total P,%	0.58	0.48	0.50	0.40
Non-phytate P,%	0.35	0.25	0.30	0.20
Determined composition
CP,%,	20.36	20.41	18.18	17.89
Ca,%	0.93	0.89	0.84	0.87
Total P,%	0.57	0.48	0.52	0.43
Non-phytate P,%	0.34	0.26	0.31	0.22

1-21d
22-42d
TRT	NPP¹	Phytase²	25-OH-D₃ ³	21d BW⁴	Survival rate	Leg abnormality rate	42d BW	Survival rate	Leg abnormality rate	(%)	(U/kg)	(�g/kg)	(g/bird)	(%)	(%)	(g/bird)	(%)	(%)
1	0.35	300	34.5	360.2�2.87^b	99.33	0	979.6�12.6^abc	100	0
2	0.35	300	69	358.6�4.67^b	99.33	0	989.4�9.2^abc	100	0
3	0.35	600	34.5	368.4�3.04^a	99.00	0	1007.8�9.02^a	100	0
4	0.35	600	69	371.8�2.63^a	99.67	0	999.2�17.0^ab	100	0
5	0.25	300	34.5	345.8�3.73^c	99.67	0	952.2�14.2^c	100	0
6	0.25	300	69	343.4�4.79^c	99.33	0	959.2�15.3^bc	99.64	0
7	0.25	600	34.5	338.4�2.06^c	100	0	962.4�10.3^bc	100	0
8	0.25	600	69	333.2�5.77^c	99.33	0	968.0�11.5^abc	100	0

TRT	NPP¹	Phytase²	25-OH-D₃ ³	BWG⁴	Feed intake	FCR	(%)	(U/kg)	(�g/kg)	(g)	(g)	(g/g)
1	0.35	300	34.5	325^ab	547^a	1.68^ab
2	0.35	300	69	323^b	545^a	1.69^a
3	0.35	600	34.5	333^ab	557^a	1.67^b
4	0.35	600	69	336^a	558^a	1.66^b
5	0.25	300	34.5	310^c	527^b	1.70^a
6	0.25	300	69	308^c	524^b	1.70^a
7	0.25	600	34.5	303^c	515^bc	1.70^a
8	0.25	600	69	298^c	509^c	1.71^a
SEM⁵		4.12	5.06	0.011
P		< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.0146
NPP effect
0.35	329^a	552^a	1.68^b
0.25	305^b	519^b	1.70^a
Phytase effect
300	317	536	1.70
600	318	535	1.69
25-OH-D₃ effect
34.5	318	537	1.69
69	316	534	1.69
Source of Variation
NPP	0.0001	0.0001	0.0087
Phytase	0.662	0.790	0.234
25-OH-D₃	0.560	0.427	0.458
NPP � Phytase	0.0019	0.0012	0.233
Phytase � 25-OH-D₃		0.942	0.976	0.958
NPP � 25-OH-D₃		0.467	0.536	0.566
NPP � Phytase � 25-OH-D₃		0.513	0.658	0.638

TRT	NPP¹	Phytase²	25-OH-D₃ ³	BWG⁴	Feed intake	FCR	(%)	(U/kg)	(�g/kg)	(g)	(g)	(g/g)
1	0.3	300	34.5	606	1435^ab	2.37
2	0.3	300	69	615	1463^ab	2.38
3	0.3	600	34.5	625	1481^a	2.37
4	0.3	600	69	613	1463^ab	2.38
5	0.2	300	34.5	591	1403^b	2.37
6	0.2	300	69	601	1423^ab	2.37
7	0.2	600	34.5	608	1419^ab	2.34
8	0.2	600	69	619	1441^ab	2.33
SEM⁵	11	19	0.02
P	0.524	0.029	0.710
NPP effect
0.35	615	1461^a	2.38
0.25	605	1422^b	2.35
Phytase effect
300	603	1431	2.37
600	616	1451	2.36
25-OH-D₃ effect
34.5	608	1435	2.36
69	612	1448	2.37
Source of Variation
NPP	0.227	0.0074	0.174
Phytase	0.113	0.152	0.398
25-OH-D₃	0.591	0.350	0.792
NPP � Phytase	0.609	0.520	0.234
Phytase � 25-OH-D₃		0.504	0.432	0.837
NPP � 25-OH-D₃		0.456	0.555	0.578
NPP � Phytase � 25-OH-D₃		0.488	0.389	0.976

TRT	NPP¹	Phytase²	25-OH-D₃ ³	BWG⁴	Feed intake	FCR	(%)	(U/kg)	(�g/kg)	(g)	(g)	(g/g)
1	0.35/0.3	300	34.5	945^abc	1982^abc	2.10
2	0.35/0.3	300	69	954^abc	2008^ab	2.10
3	0.35/0.3	600	34.5	973^a	2038^a	2.09
4	0.35/0.3	600	69	964^ab	2021^a	2.10
5	0.25/0.2	300	34.5	917^c	1930^c	2.10
6	0.25/0.2	300	69	924^bc	1947^bc	2.11
7	0.25/0.2	600	34.5	927^bc	1934^c	2.09
8	0.25/0.2	600	69	933^bc	1950^bc	2.09
SEM⁵	12	22	0.013
P	0.012	0.017	0.516
NPP effect
0.35	959^a	2012^a	2.10
0.25	925^b	1940^b	2.10
Phytase effect
300	935	1967	2.10
600	949	1986	2.09
25-OH-D₃ effect
34.5	941	1971	2.10
69	944	1982	2.10
Source of Variation
NPP	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.877
Phytase	0.110	0.217	0.212
25-OH-D₃	0.763	0.509	0.625
NPP � Phytase	0.523	0.313	0.657
Phytase � 25-OH-D₃		0.555	0.475	0.986
NPP � 25-OH-D₃		0.655	0.697	0.799
NPP � Phytase � 25-OH-D₃		0.673	0.501	0.762

TRT	NPP¹	Phytase²	25-OH-D₃ ³	L* value⁴	a* value	b* value	pH	Shear force	(%)	(U/kg)	(�g/kg)	(lightness)	(redness)	(yellowness)	(N)
1	0.3	300	34.5	52.60	15.40	9.52	6.04	13.18
2	0.3	300	69	51.72	16.60	9.44	6.05	13.17
3	0.3	600	34.5	51.88	16.95	9.72	6.04	13.20
4	0.3	600	69	53.06	15.65	8.74	6.02	13.23
5	0.2	300	34.5	52.13	16.53	9.59	6.02	13.21
6	0.2	300	69	51.39	16.76	8.61	6.03	13.19
7	0.2	600	34.5	51.69	16.36	9.54	6.04	13.15
8	0.2	600	69	52.04	16.11	9.23	6.04	13.18
SEM⁵	1.18	0.83		0.42	0.05	0.08
P	0.583	0.273		0.296	0.878	0.142
NPP effect
0.35	52.32	16.15	9.35	6.04	13.20
0.25	51.82	16.44	9.24	6.03	13.18
Phytase effect
300	51.96	16.33	9.29	6.04	13.19
600	52.17	16.27	9.31	6.04	13.19
25-OH-D₃ effect
34.5	52.08	16.31	9.59	6.04	13.19
69	52.06	16.28	9.01	6.04	13.19
Source of Variation
NPP	0.210	0.402	0.518	0.553	0.571
Phytase	0.939	0.871	0.669	0.572	0.219
25-OH-D₃	0.651	0.927	0.146	0.530	0.326
NPP � Phytase		0.806	0.299		0.359	0.774	0.716
Phytase � 25-OH-D₃		0.084	0.134		0.718	0.340	0.079
NPP � 25-OH-D₃		0.896	0.950		0.717	0.384	0.248
NPP � Phytase � 25-OH-D₃		0.408	0.147		0.833	0.676	0.187

TRT	NPP¹	Phytase²	25-OH-D₃ ³	L* value⁴	a* value	b* value	pH	Shear force	(%)	(U/kg)	(�g/kg)	(lightness)	(redness)	(yellowness)	(N)
1	0.3	300	34.5	49.86	19.39	6.65	6.39	17.17
2	0.3	300	69	49.32	18.83	6.53	6.45	17.06
3	0.3	600	34.5	50.22	19.36	6.47	6.44	16.87
4	0.3	600	69	49.36	19.04	6.49	6.43	16.99
5	0.2	300	34.5	51.07	18.45	6.68	6.41	16.93
6	0.2	300	69	49.85	18.90	6.57	6.41	17.09
7	0.2	600	34.5	50.57	18.54	6.43	6.38	16.89
8	0.2	600	69	49.67	19.03	6.75	6.43	16.98
SEM⁵	0.94	0.53		0.30	0.06	0.25
P	0.296	0.421		0.205	0.527	0.454
NPP effect
0.3	49.69	19.16	6.53	6.43	17.02
0.2	50.29	18.73	6.61	6.41	16.97
Phytase effect
300	50.03	18. 90	6.61	6.42	17.06
600	49.95	18.99	6.53	6.42	16.93
25-OH-D₃ effect
34.5	50.44	18.93	6.56	6.41	16.97
69	49.55	18.95	6.59	6.43	17.03
Source of Variation
NPP	0.208	0.278	0.105	0.282	0.609
Phytase	0.541	0.672	0.083	0.647	0.359
25-OH-D₃	0.093	0.948	0.098	0.207	0.994
NPP � Phytase		0.972	0.966		0.122	0.609	0.506
Phytase � 25-OH-D₃		0.629	0.764		0.066	0.813	0.783
NPP � 25-OH-D₃		0.896	0.071		0.673	0.845	0.859
NPP � Phytase � 25-OH-D₃		0.434	0.339		0.297	0.101	0.177