Logomarca do periódico: Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

Open-access Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

Publicação de: Fundação de Apoio à Ciência e Tecnologia Avicolas
Área: Ciências Agrárias Versão impressa ISSN: 1516-635X
Versão on-line ISSN: 1806-9061

Sumário

Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, Volume: 26, Número: 4, Publicado: 2024

Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, Volume: 26, Número: 4, Publicado: 2024

Document list
Original Article
Effects of Supplemental Melon Peel Powder on Laying Performance, Egg Quality and Antioxidant Capacity of Layer Quails Gümüş, E Sevim, B

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the effects of melon peel powder (MPP) as a supplement on the performance and egg quality of Japanese quails. Melon peels are by-products of melon production and are rich in polyphenolic compounds and carotenoids that can improve quail performance and egg quality. The study was conducted over six weeks using 120 female Japanese quails with comparable body weights, aged 42 days. MPP was provided to the group diets at inclusion levels of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0%, and 2.0%. The study indicated that MPP supplementation did not improve laying performance, external egg quality parameters, albumen index, yolk index, Haugh unit, or yolk cholesterol levels. However, MPP supplementation improved the internal quality of eggs, as shown by the higher yolk color score and higher yolk carotenoid levels. The antioxidant capacity of eggs was also improved by MPP supplementation. In conclusion, MPP supplementation in laying quail diets positively affected egg internal quality and egg yolk antioxidant status. A 2.0% dietary supplementation of MPP is recommended for laying quails. Further studies will be needed to understand the effects of MPP on metabolism and blood biochemical traits in poultry.
Original Article
The Influence of Physical Characteristics of Pheasant Egg on Incubation Results Đermanović, V Popović, Z Davidović, V Božičković, I Mihajlović, N Obradović, S

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the influence of physical characteristics of pheasant eggs (egg weight, egg length, egg width, egg shape index) on incubation results. The study was performed on 150 randomly chosen pheasant eggs from the parent flock at 45-50 weeks of age. The birds were bred at the pheasant station „Ub“ (44°28’N, 20°03’E, 97 m a.s.l.). Eggs were incubated and divided into three groups: all eggs, eggs lighter than average (< 28 g), and eggs heavier than average (> 28 g). Each group was subdivided into three categories: all eggs, hatched eggs, and eggs that did not hatch. Significant correlation (p<0.001 and p<0.01) between egg weight and length were found across all groups and categories. Similar significance was observed between egg weight and width, except in the lighter than average eggs across all categories, and in the hatched heavier than average eggs (p>0.05). In all groups and categories of pheasant eggs, correlation between weight of eggs and egg shape index was not statistically confirmed (p>0.05), except in hatched eggs with lower than average weight (p<0.05). It can be concluded that egg weight significantly impacts incubation results, but egg length and shape index should also be considered to improve hatchability and offspring vitality. Overall, incorporating all examined physical parameters of pheasant eggs into the selection criteria for incubation is essential for optimizing hatchability and offspring vitality.
Original Article
Substitution of Soybean Meal with Azolla pinnata Meal Improves Gut Histomorphology and Growth Performance in Commercial Broilers Khan, FU Ullah, R Kinkpe, L Hassan, SU Ahamba, IS Goswami, N Binobead, MA Cedric, AMA Ahmed, HQ Shuaib, M

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The rising cost and environmental impact of conventional protein sources in poultry feed necessitate exploration of sustainable alternatives. Azolla pinnata (AP), a nutrient-rich aquatic fern, has emerged as a promising candidate. Our objective was to evaluate the potential of AP as a sustainable feed ingredient for broilers, focusing on its impact on growth, feed efficiency, gut health, and profitability. To obtain AP, we harvested green Azolla from river banks using plastic sieves, sun-dried it, and pulverized it. Three-hundred-day-old Cobb chicks were individually weighed and randomly assigned to four dietary groups, namely: Group A (the control, 0g APM/kg feed), Group B (1g APM/kg feed), Group C (2g APM/kg feed), and Group D (3g APM/kg feed). The study used a completely randomized design with four treatments, each having three replicates of 15 broilers. Broiler weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), villus height, villus-crypt ratio, and economic returns were assessed. The results showed that broilers fed with 3g APM/kg feed had significantly improved weight gain, optimal feed intake, and the lowest FCR compared to other groups. This group also exhibited increased villus height and villus-crypt ratio, suggesting enhanced nutrient absorption. Notably, the 3g APM/kg feed group showed a 22% increase in net returns compared to the control. This study provides compelling evidence for the potential of APM as a sustainable and cost-effective protein source in broiler diets. It offers economic benefits to farmers while promoting gut health and improved broiler performance. Further research can explore the long-term effects and optimal APM inclusion levels for large-scale adoption in the poultry industry.
Original Article
Burgeoning Multi-Drug Resistance in E. coli: Insights from Broiler Chickens and Slaughterhouse Workers Al Hashedi, SA Badi, FA Al-Sheikh, AA Abdulghani, MAM Ramadhan, KMA Sattar, MN Al-Zoreky, NS Al-Gabri, NA

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Drug resistance is currently recognized as a global problem. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of multi-drug resistant (MDR) E. coli in broiler chickens, slaughter workers, and related specimens. Swab specimens were collected during the slaughter process from broiler carcasses, organs, workers’ hands, and various utensils. Bacterial culture, biochemical analysis, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were conducted on the isolated specimens. Out of a total of 1132 swab specimens, 294 (25.97%) tested positive for E. coli. The highest percentage (39.76%) was found in workers’ hand specimens, followed by different slaughter utensils and walls. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed complete resistance to ampicillin (100%). High resistance rates were observed for tetracycline (91.50%), chloramphenicol (91.16%), nalidixic acid (86.05%), ciprofloxacin (77.55%), colistin (77.21%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (72.45%), kanamycin (71.09%), doxycycline (70.07%), ceftazidime (69.05%), ampicillin-sulbactam (53.06%), and gentamicin (50.34%). On the other hand, 60.20% of the isolates showed sensitivity to amikacin, followed by ceftriaxone (41.50%) and norfloxacin (37.76%). MDR was observed in 99.32% (292 isolates), with 28.23% of them being potentially classified as extensively drug-resistant (XDR). The MAR index of the E. coli isolates ranged from 0.2 to 1.0, displaying 190 different resistant patterns. The high prevalence of MDR among E. coli isolates from broiler chickens and related specimens, along with their resistance to important antibiotics, is a significant public health concern.
Original Article
Genetic Variability and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Malaysian M. Gallisepticum and M. Synoviae Poultry Isolates Taiyari, H Zakaria, Z Abu, J Faiz, NM

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT M. gallisepticum (MG) and M. synoviae (MS) infections are among the most common and complicated respiratory diseases in birds. The infections can cause a huge loss of production performance in different types of poultry farming, including broilers and layers. Avian mycoplasmosis in Malaysia was detected many years ago, but there is a paucity of information on its genetic variability and antimicrobial susceptibility profile. Therefore, this study was carried out to isolate, molecular characterize, and determine the antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentration of Malaysian MG and MS poultry isolates. A total of 492 choanal swab samples were collected from different poultry farms and subjected to isolation and PCR. Using immunofluorescence assay, 36.4% (179/492) MG and MS isolates were detected, out of which 26.8% (48/179) samples yielded MG colonies, and 73.2% (131/179) samples yielded MS colonies. Using PCR, a higher number of MG and MS were detected. M. gallisepticum was detected in 28% (138/492) of samples, while 61.2% (301/492) of samples were positive by PCR for MS. Phylogenetic analysis of the MG local isolates showed an identical pattern in both pvpA and mgc2 genes with MG strain F. M. synoviae field isolates shared an identical pattern of vlhA gene with the MS strain MS-H. The isolates had the highest resistance to erythromycin, lincomycin, and chlortetracycline. The high number of positive MG and MS infections is suggestive of the continuous circulation of these pathogens among poultry in Malaysia. Therefore, continuous monitoring of the susceptibility profile of isolates to ensure effective treatment dosage is highly recommended.
Original Article
Investigating the Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Campylobacter Jejuni and Escherichia Coli Among Various Avian Species Imtiaz, A Bukhari, SM Hussain, A Mehmood, S Akhtar, F

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Avian species are recognized as reservoirs of bacteria with potential human health risks, highlighting the need for further research into their role in spreading these pathogens, and the associated public health concerns. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli among various farmed avian species. A total of 5 avian species from different farms in the district of Kasur were sampled, and fecal samples (n=250) were collected for analysis. The samples were processed using standard microbiological techniques to isolate and identify C. jejuni and E. coli. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed to determine the resistance patterns of these bacteria against commonly used antibiotics. The results revealed a significant prevalence of C. jejuni (56%) and E. coli (87%) among the avian species tested. Regarding antibiotic resistance, both C. jejuni and E. coli strains showed varying levels of resistance to the tested antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, erythromycin and amoxicillin). The findings suggest that avian species may harbor C. jejuni and E. coli, underscoring the need for surveillance, control, and effective management of antibiotic use. It was concluded that avian species are significant reservoirs for Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli, which exhibited notable antibiotic resistance and multidrug-resistant strains.
Original Article
Effect of Citrullus Colocynthis Fruit Pulp and Antibiotic Growth Promoter on Performance, Blood Biochemistry and Intestinal Microbial Count of Broilers Qumar, M Ali, HMM Faran, G Kamran, Z Aditya, S Khan, MT Nisa, Q Akhtar, R Siddique, B Abbas, G Al-Anazi, KM Farah, MA Bughio, E Naz, S Salam, MM Farooq, Z Khaliq, H Wadood, F Sheikh, MA

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the impact of incorporating Citrullus colocynthis fruit pulp (CCFP) into the diet of broiler chickens as a replacement for antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) on growth performance, blood biochemistry, and intestinal microbial count. A total of 600 unsexed Ross-308 day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 6 groups using a completely randomized design. Each group had 5 replicates, with 20 chicks per replicate. The study included a control group (T1) that did not receive any CCFP or AGP supplementation. The other experimental groups were as follows: T2 (0.15 g/kg AGP, 0 g/kg CCFP), T3 (0.11 g/kg AGP, 0.75 g/kg CCFP), T4 (0.075 g/kg AGP, 1.5 g/kg CCFP), T5 (0.037 g/kg AGP, 2.25 g/kg CCFP), and T6 (0 g/kg AGP, 3 g/kg CCFP). The results indicated a reduction in feed intake (p = 0.045) in group T3 compared to the control group (T1). Blood biochemical analysis showed that group T6 had higher levels of serum total protein (p = 0.050) and globulin (p = 0.044) compared to the control group (T1). The cecal microbial count revealed a lower total bacterial count (p = 0.01) in groups T2 and T3, and a reduced E. coli count (p = 0.050) in group T3 compared to the group T5. However, the ileal microbial count showed no significant differences between treatments. In conclusion, these findings suggest that a diet containing 0.75 g/kg CCFP combined with 0.11 g/kg AGP may improve the growth of broiler chickens while maintaining a healthy microbial balance.
Original Article
Effect of Adding a Toxin Binder to the Aflatoxin-Infected Diet on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, Immune Responses, and Liver Pathological Changes of Broilers Azghadi, M Aami Sedghi, M Sarrami, Z Kimiaeitalab, MV Ghasemi, R Mohammadi, I

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effects of adding a toxin binder (TB) to the aflatoxin-infected diet on broilers’ performances. 875 day-old broilers were used based on a completely randomized design with 5 treatments: 1) Negative control (NC): Basal diet without aflatoxin; 2) Positive control (PC): Basal diet + 0.75 (mg/kg) of aflatoxin B1; 3, 4, and 5) PC + 1, 2, and 3 (g/kg) of TB. The TB did not affect the average daily weight gain (ADWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), but the addition of TB decreased average daily feed intake (ADFI) compared to NC (p<0.05). In the starter phase, TB addition decreased the ADWG and ADFI (p<0.05). During the grower phase, the ADFI decreased with increasing different levels of TB (p<0.05). Birds that received TB had lower ADFI and FCR than those in the NC group in the finisher phase (p<0.05). Adding TB to the diet increased the Lactobacillus count compared to the PC group and the Salmonella count in the ileum (p<0.05). The results revealed that the villus height to crypt depth ratio and the villus width increased with TB addition compared to NC and PC (p<0.05). The broilers’ liver color was lighter and less yellow when 2 (g/kg) of TB were added to the diet compared to other treatments (p<0.05). As a result, dietary TB improved performance, increased Lactobacillus count, and modified liver pathology with the addition of 2 (g/kg) of TB to the diet. However, no significant positive impact was observed on immune responses.
Original Article
The Effect of Nigella Sativa Meal and Enzymes Cocktail Supplementation on Broilers Raised Under High Ambient Temperature Elgandy, MF

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The utilization of Nigella sativa protein meal (NSM) was studied by replacing soybean meal protein (SBM) with NSM protein at 0%, 50% and 100%. This means that NSM was used instead of SBM in starter diets at 0, 24.7 and 50%, and in finisher diets at 0, 22 and 44%. Moreover, the different diets given to broiler chickens raised under high ambient temperature from 1 to 45 days of age were supplemented or not by an enzyme cocktail (0.5g/kg). A total of 210 broilers were divided into 6 treatments, each consisting of 7 replicates of 5 chicks each. The results of the interaction showed that complete replacement of SBM with NSM at 50 and 44% in the starter (1-30 d) and finisher (31-45 d) diets, respectively, did not negatively affect growth, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass characteristics, inner organs, meat quality, and immune organs. However, the interaction between the level of NSM used and the supplementation with the enzyme cocktail supplementation had significant effect on white blood cells, revealing that enzyme effect is related to the diet composition. Therefore, it could be concluded that Nigella sativa meal can replace all soybean meal and can be included at 50 and 44% in starter and finisher diets, respectively, without any negative effects on the performance and carcass yields of broilers raised under high ambient temperatures from 1 to 45 days of age.
Original Article
Effect of Feed Containing Cinnamon and Turmeric Extract with Peroxide Oils on the Growth Performance, Antibody Titers, Cecal Microbial Population, and Jejunum Morphology of Broiler Chickens Khanghahi, MRR Jafari, MA Khorshidi, KJ Gharahveysi, S

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate the effect of feed containing cinnamon and turmeric extract with peroxide oils on the growth performance, antibody titers, cecal microbial population, and jejunum morphology of broiler chickens. For the research, a completely randomized design was used using 300 one-day-old male broiler chickens of the Ross 308 strain for 42 days. Five treatments of six replicates each were utilized, which comprised 30 pens, each containing 10 chicks. The treatments included: 1) control group (a ration containing oil with natural peroxide value (less than 5mEq/kg), 2) positive control treatment (a ration containing oil with a high peroxide value (20mEq/kg), 3) treatment containing cinnamon extract (150mg/kg) along with a ration with a high peroxide oil (20mEq/kg), 4) treatment containing turmeric extract (150mg/kg) along with a ration with a high peroxide oil (20mEq/kg), and 5) treatment containing cinnamon extract (150mg/kg) and turmeric extract (150mg/kg) along with a ration containing oil with a high peroxide value (20mEq/kg). GLM procedure and Duncan’s test (α=0.05) by SAS software were used for data analysis and to compare treatment’ means, respectively. The effect of the experimental treatments on the body weight of broiler chickens in all rearing phases except the starter, antibody titers against infectious bronchitis and Gumboro disease, villus length, crypt depth, and Ratio of villus length to crypt width was significant (p<0.05). Findings indicated that the use of cinnamon and turmeric extract in rations containing oil with a high peroxide value improves production performance and flock health.
Original Article
Effects of Organic Mineral Chelates of Zinc, Manganese, and Chromium on Growth Performance, Physiological, Hematological, Intestinal Microflora, Immunological, and Bone Traits in Broiler Chickens Rezapour, A Gharahveysi, S Khorshidi, KJ Abdolahpour, R

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The study evaluated the effects of dietary organic chelates of zinc, manganese, and chromium on performance, carcass characteristics, blood biochemical parameters, hematological parameters and immune response, and the morphology of jejunum and tibia characteristics in broiler chickens. 420 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens were randomly allocated to 7 treatments with 4 replicates, and 15 birds per pen. The treatments were as follows: 1) Control treatment containing the organic zinc, manganese, and chromium (40 mg, 30mg, and 2mg/Kg feed, respectively), 2) treatment containing the organic zinc and manganese (40 mg and 30mg/kg feed, respectively), 3) treatment containing the organic zinc and chromium (40 mg and 2mg/ kg feed respectively), 4) treatment containing the organic manganese and chromium (30mg and 2mg/kg feed, respectively), 5) treatment containing the organic manganese (30mg/kg feed), 6) treatment containing the organic zinc (40 mg/kg feed), and 7) treatment the organic chromium (2mg/kg feed). The general linear model and Duncan test (p < 0.05) by the SAS software were used for statistical analysis of the collected data. The body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the starter phase were affected by the treatments (p <0.05). The treatment containing the organic chromium led to the highest body weight gain. The lowest FCR was observed in the treatment with the organic chromium. The organic zinc group had the highest villi width among all treatments (p <0.05). The control treatment had the highest blood glucose concentration. Also, all treatments decreased cholesterol in comparison to the control (p <0.05). The highest antibody titers against bronchitis were observed in the control treatment, as well as the highest percentages of ash and phosphorus. The current findings showed that organic chrome improved body weight gain and FCR in the starter phase, and that the use of organic zinc increased the villi width of the jejunum in broiler chickens.
Original Article
Characteristics of Egg Production and Discovery of the Prolactin Gene in Indigenous Tropical White Leghorn Layer Chickens of Indonesia Pratiwi, N Sartika, T Komarudin, Haryati, T Kostaman, T Azizah, N Sukmara, A Brahmantiyo, B Isbandi, Zaenal, H Nuraini, H Khasanah, H Ridhillah, MF Saputra, F

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT White Leghorn/WL chicken was imported to Indonesia in 2007. However, suboptimal production ensued due to inadequate maintenance management. This research aims to evaluate the egg production traits of WL chickens at the IRIAP (Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production). A total of 185 WL chickens (5 batches) were utilized, with 47 DNA samples sequenced using specific primers for the PRL gene’s exons 2 and 5. Various parameters were observed, including age at first laying (AFL), body weight at first laying (BWFL), egg weight at first laying (EWFL), total egg numbers (TEN), hen-day egg production (HEP), average egg weight (AEW), feed consumption (FC), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality. The findings indicated that AFL, BWFL, and EWFL did not display significant differences across all batch groups (p>0.05). TEN differed significantly between WL chickens at 24 weeks in B2 and B3 compared to B4 and B5 (p<0.05). The HEP of WL chickens exhibited a steady increase weekly, reaching a production peak of 96.2% at 28 weeks. The highest AEW observed between 41-44 weeks was 54.71 g, with FC and FCR recorded at 102 g and 2.11 respectively. Mortality throughout the 24 weeks was 5.41%. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was identified in intron 4 at g.7883 C>T (AF288765), with AH013783.3 (WL) showing the allele C, albeit in a monomorphic state. In conclusion, the productivity of WL chickens demonstrates favorable performance. Further investigation with a larger population is necessary to explore SNPs in the PRL gene thoroughly.
Original Article
Evaluation of Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Digestibility and Ileum Histomorphology of Broiler Chickens fed Two Forms of Diets Supplemented with Exogenous Proteases Alhotan, RA Al-Baadani, HH Hussein, EOS

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets supplemented with exogenous proteases on the performance, carcass characteristics, digestibility and histomorphology of broilers. A total of 1,536 male broilers (one day old) were used for the study. All broilers were divided into 96 floor pens with 16 chicks each. The dietary treatments were as follows: A= basal diet; B= basal diet + 0.02% RelePro (alkaline, acidic, and neutral proteases), C= basal diet + 0.03% Kemzyme (multiproteases), and D=basal diet + 0.02% ProAct (protease-derived Bacillus licheniformis). They were fed in two forms of diets (mash or pelleted) in a 4x2 factorial design. Growth performance and carcass traits were evaluated. The digestibility of dry matter and crude protein were measured, as well as histomorphological parameters. The results showed that birds in the C and D groups in pelleted form had a higher body weight, production and performance index, and better feed conversion ratio. Chickens fed a pelleted diet with protease C, followed by proteases B and D, and chickens fed a diet mashed with protease C had a higher digestibility of dry matter and crude protein. Animals in the group receiving protease B in the pelleted diet had a higher crypt depth. Chickens fed pelleted diet with protease C had higher villus height to crypt depth ratio and goblet cells. The live weight and relative weight of the breast increased, and the relative weights of the wings decreased with pelleted diet. In conclusion, the use of protease had positive effects on growth performance, dry matter and crude protein digestibility, and ileum histomorphological parameters without negatively affecting carcass characteristics, which was more evident when feeding a pelleted diet to broilers.
Original Article
Influence of Dietary Chromium and Vitamin E Supplementation on Performance, Metabolism, and Physiology of Broilers Subjected to Cyclic Heat Stress X Júnior, ML Bernardes, RD Oliveira, CH Dias, KMM Almeida, BF Borges, SO Dalólio, FS Gomes, KM Rodrigues, CJ Calderano, AA

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This experiment evaluated the influence of chromium (Cr) and vitamin E (VitE) supplementation on the performance, glucose levels, thyroid hormone levels, immune and oxidative response, and 70 kilodalton heat shock protein (HSP70) mRNA expression of broilers under heat stress (HS). Male chickens (n = 768, 22 days old) were randomly assigned to a 4x3 factorial with 4 Cr levels (0, 500, 1000, and 1500 ppb) and 3 VitE levels (0, 150, and 300 mg/kg), totaling 12 treatments with 8 replicates and 8 birds per experimental unit. Performance, glucose levels, thyroid hormone levels, heterophil-to-lymphocyte (H:L) ratio, malondialdehyde (MDA) in muscle, relative weight of lymphoid organs, and HSP70 mRNA expression were measured. VitE at 150 mg/kg improved FI and BWG (p ≤ 0.05). The combination of Cr 1500 ppb and VitE 150 mg/kg reduced FCR (p ≤ 0.05). Cr and VitE had single effects on glucose levels (p ≤ 0.05) and their interaction influenced thyroid hormone levels (p ≤ 0.05). Cr 1500 ppb with VitE 300 mg/kg lowered the H:L ratio and HSP70 mRNA expression (p ≤ 0.05). VitE at 300 mg/kg increased spleen relative weight (p ≤ 0.05). Cr supplementation reduced MDA concentrations (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, Cr and VitE, individually or combined, benefitted performance, glucose and thyroid hormone levels, immune and oxidative response, and heat stress tolerance.
Original Article
Phytotherapeutics and Probiotics as an Alternative to the Use of Antimicrobials in the Diets of Laying Quails Zanella, J Valentim, JK Almeida, AA Garcia, RG Komiyama, CM Braz, PH Burbarelli, MFC Serpa, FC Caldara, FR Przybulinski, BB Heiss, VARC Moraleco, DD

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the substitution of commercial antibiotics with phytotherapeutics and probiotics in Japanese quail diets during the rearing phase, and their effects on performance, serum metabolites, organ weight and size, and egg quality in the initial laying phase. Conducted over 42 days with 300 quails, starting at 21 days of age and an average weight of 87 ± 3.5 g, the quails were divided into five groups: negative control (no additives), commercial antibiotics, probiotics (BS Gold®), essential oils (Phyto 100®), and natural pollen. The experiment was analyzed using variance analysis and Tukey’s test with a 5% significance level. Feed conversion differed significantly in the periods between 28-35 and 35-42 days. Egg quality showed variations, with higher albumen height in the probiotic group, better yolk height and luminosity with pollen, increased luminosity in the control group, and a larger yolk diameter with phytotherapeutics. The findings indicated that essential oils, probiotics, and pollen effectively replaced antibiotics without negatively affecting zootechnical performance, serum metabolites, or organ weight and size. Additionally, egg performance and quality were maintained during the initial laying phase.
Original Article
Modulatory Impacts of Probiotic on the Synthesis of Claudins and Mucins in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Broiler Chicks Mohammed, ESI Al-Rasheed, M Ahmed, MS

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effect of 3 strains of probiotic bacteria on mRNA synthesis of some claudins (claudins1(CLD1), CLD3, and CLD5), and mucins (MUC5AC and MUC2) in broilers’ digestive systems. Chicks were assigned to one of three groups: a control group receiving no probiotics, and two experimental groups receiving starter rations with 0.2% and 0.4% probiotics (mixture of Streptococcus faecalis, Clostridium buthricum, and Bacillus mesentericus) over a 14-days period. Proventriculi, ilea, ceca, and cola samples were collected at days 0, 7, and 14 (D0, D7 and D14) for gene expression analysis. Results revealed that CLD1 expression was lower in probiotic groups at D0 and D14 in the proventriculus and colon, respectively, yet higher at D7 in the ileum and colon. In probiotic-fed chicks, CLD5 mRNA synthesis was downregulated at D14 in all segments, except for the proventriculus; and it was upregulated at D7 in colon, and at D14 in the proventriculus. MUC5AC expression was elevated at D7 in the proventriculus and D14 in the ileum with probiotic feeding, whereas MUC2 was significantly downregulated at D14 in the ileum. These findings suggest a protective role of probiotic against pathogenic stimuli affecting the synthesis of claudins and mucins in the gastrointestinal tract of broilers, potentially enhancing intestinal barrier function and resilience against pathogenic challenges.
Original Article
Saccharomyces Boulardii and Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Improve Immunity in Broilers Vaccinated Against Pasteurella Multocida and Salmonella Gallinarum Mühlen, C Von Conrad, NL Roll, AP Dias, RC Leite, FPL Corcini, CD Varela Junior, AS Roll, VFB

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the impact of dietary Saccharomyces boulardii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the immunity of birds vaccinated against Pasteurella multocida and Salmonella gallinarum. A total of 105 male Cobb 500 broilers were divided into four groups: T1 (vaccinated, no supplement, n = 30), T2 (vaccinated, S. boulardii supplement, n = 30), T3 (vaccinated, S. cerevisiae supplement, n = 30), and T4 (non-vaccinated, no supplement, n = 15). Chickens received a corn-soy diet with 1x107 CFU/g of S. boulardii or S. cerevisiae for 42 days. Immune response was assessed by indirect ELISA and leukocyte counts. At 21 days, both supplemented groups showed significantly higher IgY levels than the vaccinated control (p < 0.05). S. boulardii supplementation increased lymphocytes (p = 0.003) and decreased heterophils (p=0.004), while S. cerevisiae had no significant effect. The heterophil/lymphocyte ratio decreased by respectively 23.4% and 32.8% in the S. cerevisiae and S. boulardii groups at 42 days, with no changes at 21 days. These results indicate that S. boulardii and S. cerevisiae can boost immunity and overall health in broilers.
Original Article
Enhancing Broiler Growth Performance and Gut Health: A Comparative Study on the Impact of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Peel Powder Shargh, M Shams Ashayerizadeh, O Mohammadi, MH Shirangi, SG

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT A total of 200 one-day-old Ross 308 male broilers were randomly assigned to 4 treatments and 5 replicates in a completely randomized design to assess growth performance, serum biochemicals, and intestinal characteristics for 42 days. Treatments comprised Control (C), probiotic, prebiotic and pomegranate peel powder (PPP). The results showed that birds fed probiotic had higher average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) compared to the C and prebiotic groups from day 1 to 42 (p<0.05). Adding PPP improved ADFI (+2.73%) and ADG (+3.16%) compared to the C and prebiotic groups from day 1 to 42. Adding probiotic, prebiotic and PPP significantly reduced and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the grower and finisher periods in comparison to C, respectively. Moreover, probiotic, prebiotic and PPP had no significant effect on FCR from day 1 to 42. Birds fed probiotic had higher villus height (VH) and lower crypt depth (CD) of the duodenum than those from other treatments (p<0.05). Birds fed probiotic and prebiotic diets had numerically lower villus surface area (VSA) in the duodenum than those in the C treatment. Probiotic supplementation enhanced the VSA in the jejunum compared to the PPP and C treatments (p<0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of serum increased in the probiotic and prebiotic-fed birds, but not in PPP ones (p<0.05). Probiotic, prebiotic and PPP declined serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in comparison to the C treatment (p<0.05). Overall, probiotic and PPP inclusion in diets improved the growth performance of broiler chicks.
Original Article
Effect of Environmental Enrichment Within Cages on Production and Welfare in Laying Hens Özentürk, U Uysal, A

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT This study aims to compare the effects of conventional cage systems (CC) and environmentally enriched cage systems (EEC) (which include nest boxes, perches, and pecking stones) on the productivity and welfare of laying hens, also considering the responses of two genotypes - Hyline Brown (HB) and Isa Tinted (IT). A total of 280 hens were evaluated for production (egg production, cracked eggs, mortality), welfare (keel bone damage, feather score, health score, footpad dermatitis, body condition, beak and claw lengths), and stress (heterophile/lymphocyte ratio, tonic immobility). Hens in CC produced more eggs (p<0.01) but had a higher incidence of cracked eggs (p<0.001). Hens in CC exhibited more feather loss, comb and cloacal wounds, and footpad dermatitis (p<0.05), while EEC hens had more keel bone damage (p<0.01). HB hens had higher productivity (86.07% vs. 82.01%) and lower cracked egg rates (0.19% vs. 0.92%) compared to IT (p<0.01). IT hens had higher mortality and stress (p<0.001). Welfare indicators favored HB hens across all parameters, except footpad dermatitis (p<0.05). While EEC lowered egg production, the reduced cracked egg rate and better welfare outcomes, such as improved feather coverage and fewer injuries, suggest advantages. HB outperformed IT in productivity, stress tolerance, and welfare across both systems.
Technical Notes
Adana Dewlap Pigeons and Statistical Growth Models Özbek, L

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Adana dewlap pigeons are a special kind of pigeon bred in the Adana region of Turkey. These pigeons differ from other pigeon species due to their flight characteristics. In this study, the mathematical models that explain the growth dynamics of Adana pigeons were examined and the one capable of the best predictions was determined. The incubation period of pigeons happens two or three times per year. For this reason, only one or two pairs of pigeons can be yearly reared from an adult pair of pigeons. The hatchlings die before they reach adulthood for various reasons. In this study, 43-day body weight measurements of 88 pigeons reared over a 7-year period were used. The study was carried out by taking the average of the 43-day weight measurements of these 88 pigeons. Special Matlab codes were developed to estimate the parameters in the mathematical growth models used. The performance of the most commonly used growth models when explaining the growth dynamics of Adana pigeons is discussed in this study, an issue that to the best of our knowledge had not yet been studied. Among these growth models, the Richards growth function gave the best results. The new data set obtained from 43-day weight measurements of 88 pigeons was considered as a time series. For this purpose, a discrete-time stochastic Gompertz model (DTSGM) was used to explain the growth dynamics, and modeling was done to explain the growth of Adana pigeons. It is assumed that the unknown parameter in this model changes with time. The Kalman filter (KF) was used for the time-varying estimation of this parameter. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the model and estimation method considered in this way is suitable for explaining the growth dynamics of these birds. The results obtained by considering DTSGM and estimating its parameter with KF showed that MSE provides a good analysis tool for modeling daily weight in terms of mean absolute percent error (MAPE) and R 2 criteria. It is suggested that the use of DTSGM and KF is appropriate.
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