Functional Capacity and Nutritional Status in Individuals with Multiple Myeloma Eligible for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Observational Study

Ludwig, André Franco; Drum, Juliana Rauta; Guimarães, Tessa Gomes; Morsch, Katiane Tremarin

doi:10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2025v71n4.5242

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Original Article • Rev. Bras. Cancerol. 71 (4) • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2025v71n4.5242EN linkcopy

Functional Capacity and Nutritional Status in Individuals with Multiple Myeloma Eligible for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Observational Study

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a treatment modality for multiple myeloma (MM). This procedure requires a period of protective isolation and causes numerous adverse effects, affecting nutritional status and functional capacity. This combination tends to worsen the patient's prognosis.

Objective: To analyze and correlate functional capacity, nutritional status and risk of falls in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing autologous HSCT.

Method: Analytical observational study with patients of both sexes diagnosed with MM. Functional capacity was assessed by the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and handgrip strength, nutritional status was verified by body mass index and arm circumference, and the risk of falls was assessed by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Data were expressed as mean, standard deviation and confidence interval, and Pearson's coefficient was utilized to measure correlations.

Results: The sample consisted of 54 patients, 44.4% had some degree of obesity, 85.1% did not reach the predicted distance in the 6MWT and no risk of falling was identified. Right handgrip strength showed a moderate and positive correlation with the distance covered in the 6MWT |0.49| (p=0.0001), but did not correlate with arm circumference. The TUG and the 6MWT showed a negative and moderate correlation |-0.51| (p=0.0001).

Conclusion: The sample presented low functional capacity. Handgrip strength correlated with the 6MWT, but not with the brachial circumference, while the TUG also correlated with the 6MWT.

Key words:
Multiple Myeloma; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Walk Test; Nutritional Status

Variable	N	Mean	Standard deviation	CI 95%	N (%)
Age (years)	54	59.0	9.31	56.46 – 61.54	-
Height (m)	54	163.1	11.25	160.0 – 166.1	-
Body weight (kg)	54	78.86	20.61	73.24 – 84.49	-
RBC (cm)	54	30.47	4.22	29.32 – 31.62	-
BMI (kg/m²)	54	29.23	5.20	27.81 – 30.65
- Adults	29	30.53	5.67	28.61 – 32.45	-
- Older adults	25	29.30	4.16	27.72 – 30.89	-
HGS (KF)
- Men - R	30	51.48	20.63	43.77 – 59.18	24 (80)
- Men - L	30	50.39	23.21	41.72 – 59.05	24 (80)
- Women - R	24	28.90	11.00	24.25 – 33.54	13 (54.1)
- Women - L	24	28.26	10.02	24.03 – 32.49	14 (58.3)
6MWT walked (m)	54	421.4	101.9	393.6 – 449.2	46 (85.1)
6MWT predicted (m)	54	513.4	63.92	495.9 – 530.8	-
TUG (s)	54	11.41	6.36	9.671 – 13.15	10 (18.5)

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Instituto Nacional de Câncer Rua Marquês de Pombal, 125 - 2º andar, Centro , CEP 20230-240, Tel.: +55 21 3207-6132 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: rbc@inca.gov.br

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[1] Captions:

[TFN2] BMI: body mass index; RBC: right brachial circumference; CI: confidence interval; HGS: handgrip strength; R: right; L: left; CI: confidence interval; KF: kilogram force; S: seconds; 6MWT: 6-minute walk test; N (%): absolute and relative frequencies of patients below the estimated cutoff; TUG: Timed Up and Go.