Angelini, 2021[8]
|
Inclusion: adults aged 18 years and over undergoing first time CABG (either on- or off-pump) with at least one saphenous vein graft. Exclusion: valve replacement/repair or an aortic procedure, congestive heart failure, ejection fraction < 30%, preoperative serum creatinine > 104 μmol/L, peripheral vascular disease, allergy to iodinated contrast media, participating in another interventional study, or unwilling to participate in follow-up. |
CON-SV vs. NT-SV |
Buxton, 2020 (RAPCO)[2]
|
Inclusion: elective isolated CABG patients requiring more than 1 bypass conduit were eligible for the trial. An ejection fraction > 35% and at least 1 non-LAD vessel with a proximal stenosis of at least 70% and diameter of at least 1.5 mm. The RITA group included patients aged < 70 years (or < 60 years and diabetic) with multivessel CAD requiring at least two grafts. The SVG group included patients aged > 70 (or > 60 years and diabetic) with multivessel CAD requiring at least two grafts. Exclusion: at the surgeons’ discretion, if they had an unusable conduit, experienced an acute myocardial infarction in < 7 days, were undergoing off-pump surgery, had an unsuitable coronary target, LVEF < 35%, language barrier, resided overseas, body mass index > 35 kg/m2, renal impairment with serum creatinine level > 300 μmol/L, lung disease with a FEV1 < 1 L, and major illnesses (e.g., malignancy) with expected survival < 10 years. |
Group 1: RA vs. RITA Group 2: RA vs. CON-SV |
Collins, 2008 (RSVP)[11]
|
Inclusion: ages 40-70 years, undergoing primary isolated CABG. Exclusion: LVEF < 25%, positive Allen’s test, history of Raynauds syndrome or vasculitis, bilateral varicose veins, or any condition that may have affected the safety of follow-up angiography. |
RA vs. CON-SV |
Deb, 2012 (RAPS)[12]
|
Inclusion: patients with a dominant circumflex coronary artery were eligible if they had sequential high-grade lesions in the circumflex and graftable obtuse marginal and posterior descending arteries. Exclusion: patients with a history of vasculitis, Raynaud’s syndrome, bilateral varicose vein stripping, or varicose veins were excluded from the study. (a) renal insufficiency (creatinine > 180 umol/L); (b) severe peripheral vascular disease precluding femoral access; (c) coagulopathy or obligatory uninterrupted use of anticoagulants; (d) known allergy to radiographic contrast media; (e) women of childbearing potential; (f) comorbid illness which precludes the use of follow-up angiography; and (g) geographically inaccessible for follow-up angiography. Patients who developed any of the preoperative exclusion criteria following surgery were excluded from late angiography. |
RA vs. CON-SV |
Deb, 2019 (SUPERIOR SVG)[13]
|
Inclusion: > 18 years old, undergoing non-emergent isolated on- or off-pump CABG with an LVEF > 20%, required at least one SV as part of the revascularization strategy, and had a creatinine clearance at least 20 mL/min or higher. Exclusion: patients were excluded if the SV was unusable due to previous vein stripping or poor quality on preoperative duplex or vein mapping, if the patient had a contraindication to CTA, was pregnant or a female of child-bearing age, allergy to fish oil/fish production and nonmedicinal ingredients of the study product, already taking fish oil supplements regularly, had a congenital or acquired coagulation disorder, or considered excessive risk of wound infection according to the clinical judgement of the site surgical investigators. |
CON-SV vs. NT-SV |
Dreifaldt, 2019[14]
|
Inclusion: Patients with three-vessel CAD. Exclusion: age > 65 years, LVEF 120 µmol/L, use of anticoagulants, coagulopathy, allergy to contrast medium, positive Allen’s test result or an abnormal result of a Doppler study of the arms, a history of vasculitis or Raynaud’s syndrome, bilateral varicose veins, or previous vein stripping. |
RA vs. NT-SV |
Gaudino, 2005[15]
|
Inclusion: patients undergoing primary elective CABG, had undergone previous percutaneous coronary angioplasty with successful stent implantation in any coronary vessel > 1.2 mm in diameter at least 1 month before surgery with preoperative angiographic demonstration of failed or patent intracoronary stent, and angiographic evidence of triple vessel coronary disease with a diseased (proximal stenosis ≥ 70%) graftable (≥ 1 mm in diameter) obtuse marginal artery, LVEF > 50%, and no preoperative evidence or history of lateral or posterolateral myocardial infarction. Exclusion: patients who underwent stent implantation < 1 month before surgery were excluded, in the presumption that stent failure in such limited time frame could be technically related. |
RITA vs. RA vs. CON-SV |
Glineur, 2011[16]
|
Inclusion: patients with life expectancy of > 5 years, undergoing elective isolated CABG with angiographic evidence of severe (> 70% by visual estimate) coronary obstruction on the RCA territory with a perioperative lumen diameter of the right GEA > 1.5 mm. Exclusion: a history of upper abdominal surgery, history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding or active gastric/duodenal ulcer, BMI > 35, diabetes with hemoglobin A1c > 7.5, FEV1 < 60% predicted, redo surgery, cirrhosis, or other configuration than graft to posterior descending artery or posterior lateral artery. |
RA vs. right GEA |
Goldman, 2011[17]
|
Inclusion: patients undergoing elective first-time CABG without concomitant valve procedure. Exclusion: requirement for only a single vessel bypass where the left internal mammary artery would be used for that graft; previous vein stripping and ligation of saphenous veins with no venous conduit available for bypass; Raynaud’s symptoms; creatinine > 2.0 mg/dL or requiring hemodialysis; positive Allen’s test; cardiogenic shock, or unable to give consent; allergic to contrast material; undergoing repeat CABG; less than full use of both arms; currently pregnant; neurologic or musculoskeletal disease affecting the arm; refusal to participate; requirement for any concomitant valve operation in the mitral, aortic, or pulmonary position; isolated tricuspid annuloplasty was acceptable but tricuspid valve replacement excluded the patient from consideration; concomitant Dor or Maze procedure; in another research study; or no suitable radial target (there is no non-LAD vessel with a > 70% stenosis). |
RA vs. CON-SV |
Hou, 2021[9]
|
Inclusion: aged 18-80 years, at least three-vessel CAD, and voluntarily joined the study and signed the informed consent form. Exclusion: simultaneous operations (such as heart valve or lung or abdominal surgery), emergency surgery, ejection fraction ≤ 35%, complicated with interventricular septal perforation and ventricular aneurysm, redo CABG, internal diameter of great saphenous vein ≤ 0.20 cm, varicose great saphenous vein, or venous tortuosity, complicated with severe malignant tumor or other serious systemic diseases, severe renal insufficiency (creatinine > 200 μmol/L), dual antiplatelet taboo, severe peripheral vascular disease, allergy to the radio-contrast agent, participation in other clinical trials at the same time. |
CON-SV vs. NT-SV |
Kim, 2021 (SAVE RITA)[6]
|
Inclusion: patients aged 40-70 years undergoing off-pump CABG for multivessel CABG using a Y-composite graft based on the in situ left internal thoracic artery. Exclusion: ineligible Y-composite graft revascularization, an unavailable RITA or SV, LVEF ≤ 25%, chronic renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy, previous cardiac surgery, emergency operation, or a medical history such as malignant disease that might limit the possibility of midterm follow-up. |
CON-SV vs. RITA |
Muneretto, 2004[18]
|
Inclusion: patients aged > 70 years and scheduled for on-pump isolated myocardial revascularization. Exclusion: age < 70 years, single-vessel disease, emergency operations, concomitant procedures other than coronary surgery, LVEF < 20%, EuroSCORE > 10, and the presence of a positive Allen’s test. |
RA vs. CON-SV |
Pettersen, 2017[19]
|
Inclusion: patients undergoing isolated first-time non-emergent CABG requiring cardiopulmonary bypass with an LVEF > 35% with at least one saphenous vein graft required as part of the revascularization strategy. Exclusion: any acute or chronic inflammatory diseases, patient with a history of malignancy, pregnancy, or previous cardiac surgery, serum creatinine > 120 umol/L, coagulopathy, insulin-dependent diabetes, smoking during last 6 months, leg not suitable for no-touch vein harvesting as judged by the operator, need for nitrates on operation day, and patients not on statins. |
CON-SV vs. NT-SV |
Samano, 2015[5]
|
Exclusion: unstable angina, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, serum creatinine > 120 umol/L, preventive use of anticoagulants, coagulopathy, combined procedure, redo CABG, and severe peripheral vascular disease. |
CON-SV vs. NT-SV |
Santos, 2002[20]
|
Exclusion: (a) age over 70 years; (b) severe obesity; (c) previous abdominal operation; (d) positive Allen’s test; (e) redo operation; (f) additional procedure; (g) severely depressed left ventricular function; (h) contraindications for use of calcium-channel blockers; and (i) contraindication for postoperative angiography. |
RA vs. right GEA |
Song, 2012[21]
|
Inclusion: age ≥ 70 years and primary isolated off-pump CABG. Exclusion: single-vessel disease, emergent surgery, a positive Allen’s test, or acute or chronic renal failure. |
RA vs. NT-SV |
Tian, 2021[3]
|
Inclusion: patients aged 18 years or older who was planned to undergo primary isolated open-chest CABG with at least one graft from saphenous vein, with or without cardiopulmonary bypass. Exclusion: concomitant cardiac or vascular surgeries (i.e., valve repair or replacement, Maze surgery), redo CABG, emergency CABG, use of vascular stapler for anastomosis, planned endarterectomy of coronary artery during surgery, left ventricular repair due to ventricular aneurysm, malignant tumor or other severe systemic diseases, severe renal insufficiency (i.e., serum creatinine > 200 μmol/L), contraindications for dual antiplatelet therapy, such as active gastroduodenal ulcer, participant of other ongoing clinical trials. |
CON-SV vs. NT-SV |
Toure, 2021[10]
|
Inclusion: target lesion in oblique marginal is proximal and tight (> 80%), LVEF > 40%. |
RA vs. CON-SV |