Khurshid et al.[1515 Matusik PT. Adverse clinical outcomes related to right ventricular pacing. Eur Heart J. 2019;40(20):1586-8. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz279. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz279...
] |
1,75 |
Retrospective cohort |
3.3 |
Decrease in LVEF ≥ 10% + resultant LVEF < 50% |
Male sex (HR: 2.15; 95% CI, 1.17-3.94; P=0.01) Native QRS duration (HR: 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05; P<0.001) |
Lee et al.[1616 Kaye G, Ng JY, Ahmed S, Valencia D, Harrop D, Ng ACT. The prevalence of pacing-induced cardiomyopathy (PICM) in patients with long term right ventricular pacing - is it a matter of definition? Heart Lung Circ. 2019;28(7):1027-33. doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2018.05.196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2018.05.19...
] |
234 |
Retrospective cohort |
15.6 |
Decrease in LVEF > 5% + HF symptoms |
Advanced age (HR: 1.62; 95% CI, 1.22-2.16; P=0.001) Paced QRS duration (HR: 1.54; 95% CI, 1.15-2.05; P=0.003) Myocardial scar score (HR: 1.23; 95% CI, 1.03-1.49; P=0.003) RV pacing burden (HR: 1.31; 95% CI, 1.01-1.49; P=0.01) |
Kiehl et al.[1010 Elliott P, Andersson B, Arbustini E, Bilinska Z, Cecchi F, Charron P, et al. Classification of the cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the European society of cardiology working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases. Eur Heart J. 2008;29(2):270-6. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm342. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehm342...
] |
823 |
Prospective cohort |
4.3 |
Post-implantation LVEF ≤ 40% or CRT upgrade |
Reduced baseline LVEF (HR: 1.047; 95% CI, 1.002-1.087; P=0.042) RV pacing burden (HR: 1.011; 95% CI, 1.002-1.02; P=0.021) |
Ahmed et al.[4949 Ahmed FZ, Motwani M, Cunnington C, Kwok CS, Fullwood C, Oceandy D, et al. One-month global longitudinal strain identifies patients who will develop pacing-induced left ventricular dysfunction over time: the pacing and ventricular dysfunction (PAVD) study. PLoS One. 2017;12(1):e0162072. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0162072. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.016...
] |
55 |
Prospective cohort |
1 |
Decrease in LVEF ≥ 5% or LVEF < 45% after 1 year |
Decreased GLS on TTE after 1 month (-16.4 vs. -12.6; P=0.022) |
Hayashi et al.[5050 Hayashi Y, Takagi M, Kakihara J, Sakamoto S, Tatsumi H, Doi A, et al. Impact of simple electrocardiographic markers as predictors for deterioration of left ventricular function in patients with frequent right ventricular apical pacing. Heart Vessels. 2018;33(3):299-308. doi:10.1007/s00380-017-1052-x. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00380-017-1052-...
] |
115 |
Retrospective cohort |
8.9 |
Decrease in LVEF ≥ 10% + resultant LVEF < 50% |
RV pacing burden (OR: 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.09; P=0.04) Paced QRS notching in leads II/DIII/aVF (OR: 5.04; 95% CI, 1.59-19.6; P=0.005) QS of paced QRS in V1-V6 (OR: 3.56; 95% CI, 1.21-10.8; P=0.02) |
Bansal et al.[1111 Maron BJ, Towbin JA, Thiene G, Antzelevitch C, Corrado D, Arnett D, et al. Contemporary definitions and classification of the cardiomyopathies: an American heart association scientific statement from the council on clinical cardiology, heart failure and transplantation committee; quality of care and outcomes research and functional genomics and translational biology interdisciplinary working groups; and council on epidemiology and prevention. Circulation. 2006;113(14):1807-16. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.174287. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.1...
] |
363 |
Prospective cohort |
1.2 |
Decrease in LVEF ≥ 10% |
Pacing burden > 60% (HR: 4.26; 95% CI, 1.59-11.41; P=0.004) Aortopulmonary ejection delay (HR: 3.15; 95% CI, 1.52-6.55; P=0.002) |
Cho et al.[66 Cho SW, Gwag HB, Hwang JK, Chun KJ, Park KM, On YK, et al. Clinical features, predictors, and long-term prognosis of pacing-induced cardiomyopathy. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21(5):643-51. doi:10.1002/ejhf.1427. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.1427....
] |
1,418 |
Retrospective cohort |
7.2 |
Decrease in LVEF ≥ 10% or resultant LVEF < 50% |
Previous LBBB (OR: 4.22; 95% CI, 1.34-13.3; P=0.01) Paced QRS duration (+10 ms) (OR: 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01-1.21; P=0.03) Pacing burden (OR: 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.02; P=0.02) |
Safak et al.[5151 Safak E, Ince H, Gkouvatsou L, Schultheiss HP, Ortak J, Caglayan E, et al. Pacing-induced cardiomyopathy in chronic right ventricular apical pacing: a midterm follow-up study. Eur J Med Res. 2019;24(1):23. doi:10.1186/s40001-019-0386-5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-019-0386-...
] |
170 |
Retrospective cohort |
2 |
LVEF decrease to ≤ 45% + dyskinesia during RV pacing |
Increased pre-implantation LVEF (OR: 0.88; 95% CI, 0.8-0.9; P=0.006) PPM indication for SND (OR: 0.1; 95% CI, 0.03-0.9; P=0.004) |