Comparison of self-efficacy scores among practitioners of swimming, artistic gymnastics, and rhythmic gymnastics

Silva, Anna Flávia de Lima e; Alves, Camila Medeiros; Oliveira, Natália Christinne Ferreira de; Costa, Júlia Loth; Neves, Clara Mockdece

doi:10.1590/rbce.47.e20240136

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ARTIGO ORIGINAL • Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Esporte 47 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/rbce.47.e20240136 linkcopy

Comparison of self-efficacy scores among practitioners of swimming, artistic gymnastics, and rhythmic gymnastics

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This study verify the self-efficacy levels of female athletes in aesthetic sports. The sociodemographic questionnaire and the General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale were applied were applied. Statistical analyses for comparison included ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests. The study included 139 female practitioners of swimming, artistic gymnastics, and rhythmic gymnastics, divided into elite and non-elite groups. Swimmers exhibited higher self-efficacy levels compared to rhythmic and artistic gymnasts. No significant differences were found in self-efficacy levels based on competitive level or practice duration. It is concluded that the self-efficacy varies according to the sport.

Keywords:
Sports; Self efficacy; Sports psychology; Women

	Ginástica Artística (n = 66)	Ginástica Rítmica (n = 36)	Natação (n = 37)
Nível Competitivo
Elite	8 (12,1%)	10 (27,8%)	13 (35,1%)
Não Elite	58 (87,9%)	26 (72,2%)	24 (64,9%)
Anos de Prática
0 a 2 anos	34 (51,5%)	9 (25%)	4 (10,8%)
> 2 a 5 anos	12 (18,2%)	9 (25%)	3 (8,1%)
> 5 anos	20 (30,3%)	18 (50%)	30 (81,1%)

	Gin. Artística	Gin. Rítmica	Natação
	Média ± DP	Média ± DP	Média ± DP	p e tamanho de efeito (d)
Altura (m)	1,59 ± 0,06	1,59 ± 0,06	1,64 ± 0,07*	<0,001; 0,142*
IMC (kg/m²)	19,51 ± 3,21	19,58 ± 2,47	21,71 ± 2,51*	<0,001; 0,104*
	Md [IIQ]	Md [IIQ]	Md [IIQ]	p e tamanho de efeito (r)
Idade	14 [13-16]	14,61 [13-16,42]	18 [14-23]*	<0,001; 0,352*
Peso (kg)	47,77 [44-54]	49,50 [42,33-54,75]	58 [52-64]*	<0,001;0,447*
Horas de treino/dia	1 [1-2]*	2,75 [2-4]	2 [1,29-2,50]	<0,001; 0,456*

	Média (Md) [IIQ]	p e tamanho de efeito (r)
Modalidade		0,035; 0,185*
Gin. Artística	28,92 (29) [25-33,25]
Gin. Rítmica	30,83 (33) [27-35]
Natação	31,49 (32) [29-35]
Nível Competitivo		0,423;0,067
Elite	30,61 (33) [27-34]
Não Elite	29,95 (30) [26,25-34]
Anos de prática		0,499; 0,106
0 a 2 anos	29,53 (30) [26-33]
2 a 5 anos	29,46 (32) [24-35]
Mais de 5 anos	30,72 (31,50) [27-34,75]

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[1] n = frequência absoluta. Fonte: Elaborado pela autora (2024).