The aim of the present review was to discuss the main influence of aerobic exercise on the physiopathological mechanisms of systemic hypertension. Post-exercise hypotension (PEH) results from persistent reductions in peripheral vascular resistance (PVR), mediated by the autonomic nervous system and vasodilator substances. Exercise training lowers blood pressure through a decrease in total peripheral resistance and cardiac output at rest, as a result of reductions in sympathetic neural activity and increases in baroreflex sensitivity. Additionally, chronic exercise may reduce the levels of serum catecholamines, improve the metabolic profile, modulate the functional activity of the vascular endothelium, and promote positive changes on body composition. Thus, aerobic exercise is strongly recommended as a non pharmacologic strategy in the treatment of hypertension, not only for its effects on blood pressure, but also by decreasing the risk factors of cardiovascular disease.
Exercise; blood pressure; hypertension and hypotension