The rates of null and valid movements in parapowerlifting in international competitions

Ortega, Jairo Alejandro Fernández; Ramirez, Julie Joan Acevedo; Galvis, Rodrigo Nieto; Cuartas, Luz Amelia Hoyos; Sánchez, María Fernanda Montilla

doi:10.1590/rbce.45.e20230008

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Esporte 45 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/rbce.45.e20230008 copy

The rates of null and valid movements in parapowerlifting in international competitions

As taxas de movimentos nulos e válidos no parapowerlifting em competições internacionais

Tasa de levantamientos validos y nulos en competiciones internacionales de parapowerlifting

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The Paralympic system adapted the press modality, allowing the participation of people with physical disabilities called para-powerlifting (PPL). The purpose was to establish the rates of valid and invalid movements; identify if factors such as the weight category, gender, or athletes ‘country have an influence on the results; A retrospective study was elaborated in which the results of the null and valid movements made in 12 international events of the 2013-2016 Paralympic cycle were recovered from the official page of the international paralympic committee The results indicate that in these twelve events a total of 6,759 movements were performed, of which 3,264 moves were valid and 2,991 were rated as null, with no significant differences in null movements between men and women. These results indicate the need to review the judging system or the use of visual technologies to reduce the rate of null movements.

Keywords:
Disabled powerlifting 1; Powerlifting effectiveness 2; Technical execution 3

Contest	Country	Men participants	Women participants	Total participants
Aleksin 20131	24	81	42	123
Kuala Lumpur 2013² 2 Kuala Lumpur 2013: IPC Open Asian championship;	34	127	65	192
Dubai 2014³ 3 Dubai 2014: IPC Worldwide powerlifting championship;	55	214	102	316
México 2015⁴ 4 México 2015: Americas open powerlifting Championship;	20	77	26	103
Almaty 2015⁵ 5 Almaty 2015: Asian open powerlifting championship;	28	125	62	187
Eger 2015⁶ 6 Eger 2015: IPC European open powerlifting championship;	41	136	70	206
Dubai 2016⁷ 7 Dubai 2016: World cup;	42	121	71	192
Rio 2016⁸ 8 Rio 2016: Paralympic games;	29	102	74	176
Berck Sur Mer 2018⁹ 9 Berck Sur-Mer 2018: IPC open European championship;	33	97	71	168
Colombia 2018¹⁰ 10 Colombia 2018: IPC America´s powerlifting cup;	27	93	46	139
Kitakyushu 2018¹¹ 11 Kitakyushu 2018: IPC Asian open powerlifting championship;	30	126	74	200
Argelia 2018¹² 12 Argelia 2018: IPC African powerlifting worldwide championship.	15	46	36	82

Event	Total of movement	Valid movements	Null movements	Valid %	Null %
Dubai 2014	369	188	181	49.3%	50.7%
Eger 2015	576	376	200	50.2%	49.8%
Kitakyushu 2018	938	467	471	58.7%	41.3%
Kuala Lumpur 2013	312	140	172	65.3%	34.7%
Dubai 2016	561	319	242	52.3%	47.7%
Almaty 2015	618	310	308	56.9%	43.1%
Rio 2016	576	301	275	41.5%	58.5%
Berck Sur Mer 2018	528	219	309	53.8%	46.2%
Colombia 2018	504	271	233	47.5%	52.5%
Alexin 2013	417	198	219	50.9%	49.1%
Mexico 2015	600	352	248	44.9%	55.1%
Argelia 2018	240	123	117	50.0%	50.0%

Event	Assessment of movement				P value
	Valid		Null
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Alexin 2013	1.53±	0.90	1.47±	0.90	0.620
Kuala Lumpur 2013	1.96±	0.87	1.04±	0.87	<0.001^* * Significant differences between valid and invalid movements.
Dubai 2014	1.48±	0.93	1.52±	0.93	0.549
Mexico 2015	1.36±	0.98	1.67±	0.91	0.019*
Almaty 2015	1.71±	0.81	1.29±	0.81	<0.001*
Eger 2015	1.50±	0.86	1.50±	0.86	0.908
Dubai 2016	1.57±	0.86	1.43±	0.86	0.123
Rio 2016	1.24±	0.83	1.76±	0.83	<0.001*
Berck sur mer 2018	1.61±	0.88	1.39±	0.88	<0.001*
Colombia 2018	1.42±	0.90	1.58±	0.91	0.145
Kitakyushu 2018	1.76±	0.89	1.24±	0.89	<0.001*
Argelia 2018	1.50±	1.08	1.50±	1.08	1.000

Movements	Sex	Mean	SD	P value
Valid	Men	1.55±	0.918	0.152
Valid	Women	1.61±	0.879	0.152
Null	Men	1.45±	0.915	0.132
Null	Women	1.39±	0.879	0.132

Countries	Events	Men				Women
Countries	Events	Participants	Total of Movements	Valid	%	Participants	Total of Movements	Valid	%
22	1	32	96	25	23.6±18.2	9	27	13	50±18.2
12	2	31	93	29	27.7±19.4	31	93	29	27.7±19.3
13	3	68	204	78	37.9±18.8	68	204	78	37.9±18.7
9	4	95	285	125	48.7±15.2	36	108	60	49.3±15.7
11	5	154	462	234	54.3±12.1	111	333	170	47.2±12.5
10	6	256	768	409	51.9±7.3	218	654	347	51.9±10.9
13	7	481	1443	805	52.8±9.1	249	747	434	53.4±7.9
8	8	249	747	396	48.1%±14.7	126	378	186	45±11.9
1	9	38	114	51	44.7%	14	42	25	59.5%
1	10	39	117	82	70.1%	16	48	35	72.9%

Category kg	Total men	% Valid movements
49	127	59.1%
54	131	54.5%
59	150	46.7%
65	160	50.0%
72	172	45.8%
80	176	48.1%
88	167	48.7%
97	153	58.2%
107	99	53.9%
>107	102	57.8%
Category kg	Total women	% Valid movements
41	72	51.4%
45	80	50.8%
50	97	51.2%
55	102	56.2%
61	103	50.8%
67	81	55.6%
73	68	54.9%
79	66	56.6%
86	72	53.7%
>86	57	57.9%

Colégio Brasileiro de Ciências do Esporte Universidade de Brasilia - Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Faculdade de Educação Física, Asa Norte - CEP 70910-970 - Brasilia, DF - Brasil, Telefone: +55 (61) 3107-2542 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: rbceonline@gmail.com

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[1] *Corresponding author: Julie Joan Acevedo Ramirez E-mail: julie.acevedo@cenda.edu.co